云南地区中强地震连发及其调制比的时空展布特征

剖析并定义了云南地区1970～2001年中强地震连发,发现中强地震连发的时空展布具有空间分布按一定方向有规律迁移,时间分布集中于5～11个月的特点。利用小震调制比分析云南地区中强地震连发的孕震演变,结果发现小震调制比的异常特性：空间上中强震连发前2～0．5a的时段内小震调制比出现8个平方度以上的异常面积元,异常面积元集中的地区为未来中强震连发的主体区域,时间上中强震连发前1～3a出现小震调制比R。的高值异常。并用花岗岩块体受压实验结果初步探讨了中强地震连发及其调制比时空展布特征的构造活动。     

Field testing of the surface electromagnetic prospecting system

To test the performance of the Chinese whole-surface electromagnetic prospecting (SEP) system, system integrations, instrument performances, and large-scale production viabilities in Liaoning province and Inner Mongolia were measured via extensive field tests. Resultant electric fields, magnetic fields, apparent resistivities, impedance phases, and inversion profiles compared favorably with results of commercial equipment from other countries. The inversion results agreed well with the geologic information from boreholes. Field tests showed that the SEP system is stable, reliable, lightweight, and easy to operate, making it suitable and ready for real-field exploration.     

Measurement of aerosol effective density by single particle mass spectrometry

Single particle mass spectrometry has been widely used to determine the size and chemical compositions of atmospheric aerosols; however, it is still rarely used for the microphysical properties measurement. In this study, two methods were developed for determining aerosol effective density by a single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). Method I retrieved effective density through comparison between measured light scattering intensities and Mie theoretical modelled partial scattering cross section. Method II coupled a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) with SPAMS to simultaneously determine the electric mobility and vacuum aerodynamic diameter, and thus the effective density. Polystyrene latex spheres, ammonium sulfate and sodium nitrate were tested by these methods to help validate their effectiveness for determining the aerosol effective density. This study effectively extends SPAMS measurements to include particle size, chemical composition, light scattering, and effective density, and thus helps us better understand the environment and climate effects of aerosols.     

Broadband Radio Bursts and Fine Structures during the Great Solar Event on 14 July 2000

25 MHz–7.6 GHz global and detailed (fine structure – FS) radio spectra are presented, which were observed in the NOAA 9077 active region for the Bastille Day (14 July 2000) flare at 10:10–11:00 UT. Besides broadband radio bursts, high-resolution dynamic spectra reveal metric type II burst, decimetric type IV burst and various decimetric and microwave FSs, such as type III bursts, type U bursts, reverse-slope (RS)-drifting burst, fiber bursts, patch and drifting pulsation structure (DPS). The peak-flux-density spectrum of the radio bursts over the range 1.0–7.6 GHz globally appears as a U-shaped signature. Analyzing the features of backbone and herringbones of the type II burst, the speeds of shock and relevant energetic electron beams were estimated to be 1100 km s⁻¹ and 58 500 km s⁻¹, respectively. Also the time sequence of the radio emission is analyzed by comparing with the hard X-rays (HXRs) and the soft X-rays (SXRs) in this flare. After the maxima of the X-rays, the radio emission in the range 1.0–7.6 GHz reached maxima first at the higher frequency, then drifted to the lower frequency. This comparison suggested that the flare included three successive processes: firstly the X-rays rose and reached maxima at 10:10–10:23 UT, accompanied by fine structures only in the range 2.6–7.6 GHz; secondly the microwave radio emission reached maxima accompanied by many fine structures over the range 1.0–7.6 GHz at 10:23–10:34 UT; then a decimetric type IV burst and its associated FSs (fibers) in the range 1.0–2.0 GHz appeared after 10:40 UT.     

Solar Radio Spikes in 2.6 – 3.8 GHz during the 13 December 2006 Event

On 13 December 2006, some unusual radio bursts in the range 2.6?–?3.8 GHz were observed during an X3.4 flare/CME event from 02:30 to 04:30 UT in active region NOAA 10930 (S06W27) with the digital spectrometers of the National Astronomical Observatories of China (NAOC). During this event many spikes were detected with the high temporal resolution of 8 ms and high frequency resolution of 10 MHz. Many of them were found to have complex structures associated with other radio burst types. The new observational features may reflect certain emission signatures of the electron acceleration site. In this paper, we present the results of the analysis of the new observational features of the complex spikes. According to the observed properties of the spikes, we identify five classes. Their observational parameters, such as duration, bandwidth, and relative bandwidth, were determined. Most spikes had negative polarization, but spikes with positive polarization were observed during a short time interval and were identified as a separate class. Based on the analysis of observations with Hinode/SOT (Solar Optical Telescope) we suggest that the sources of the spikes with opposite polarizations were different. Combined observations of spikes and fiber bursts are used to estimate the magnetic field strength in the source.     

On pulsar-driven mass ejection in low-mass X-ray binaries

There is accumulating evidence for mass ejection in low-mass X-ray binaries(LMXBs)driven by radio pulsar activity during X-ray quiescence.We consider the condition for mass ejection by comparing the radiation pressure from a millisecond pulsar,and the gas pressure at the inner Lagrange point or at the surrounding accretion disk.We calculate the critical spin period of the pulsar below which mass ejection is allowed.Combining with the evolution of the mass transfer rate,we present constraints on the orbital ...     

中国大陆余震活动深度分布及其流变学机制

本文研究了中国大陆１９６６年以来发生的５次大地震（Ｍｓ≥７．０）的余震活动深度与地热流的关系。研究表明，地热流较高的震源区，余震活动深度分布较浅，并且得出余震深度分布受地壳内部岩石脆性－韧性转变深度的流变学特征控制的推论。     

南黄海盆地二叠系烃源岩孢粉相特征及其形成环境

以沉积环境控制烃源岩发育理论为指导,应用孢粉相分析方法,以南黄海盆地二叠系大隆组、龙潭组和栖霞组烃源岩层段为研究对象,对典型钻井剖面的孢粉及沉积有机屑进行系统的分析。根据沉积有机屑的丰度特征和组分类型,探讨三套烃源岩的形成环境,初步评价其生烃潜力。研究结果表明,利用孢粉相分析方法,可以有效地对高成熟海相烃源岩的生烃潜力和形成环境进行客观评价:栖霞组为缺氧远陆架沉积环境,以无定形有机质为主,水体分层缺氧,是烃源岩形成的有利环境;大隆组为缺氧和少氧的陆架环境,也较有利于烃源岩的形成,生烃潜力较栖霞组差;龙潭组煤质型有机质较为丰富,为充氧的陆架区,以陆源输入为主,沉积区水体较浅,含氧量高,不利于富氢烃源岩的形成。     

氡(222Rn)在地下水-地表水相互作用中的应用研究进展

地下水-地表水相互作用是水资源管理和地表水生态系统保护中重要的一个环节,氡同位素(²²²Rn)由于其在地下水与地表水中含量差异显著、性质保守、检测难度低,广泛运用于地下水-地表水相互作用的研究当中。本文通过总结分析²²²Rn在不同地表水体(海水、河水、湖水等)中的应用,指出刻画地下水氡浓度的异质性是估算地下水排泄的重点和难点。在估算海底地下水排泄(SGD)时,氡的混合损失项估算不确定、海水氡浓度时空变异性、SGD的多组分特征等可能给估算结果带来较大不确定性;在估算河流地下水排泄时难以确定氡的大气逃逸量;研究人员对氡在示踪地表水补给地下水方面的研究程度相对不足。本文从科学研究和实际生产方面,对²²²Rn的研究应用提出以下潜在方向:(1)降低地下水氡空间变异性对估算地下水排泄量的影响;(2)针对不同水体、不同水文条件,准确刻画氡的大气逃逸量;(3)拓展²²²Rn示踪能够解决的科学问题;(4)将氡质量平衡模型计算与不确定分析相结合,实现软件化。     

李口集区块煤储层地质条件及煤层气采收率

基于煤田勘探资料和矿井实际观测结果,结合测试分析和数值计算,对平顶山矿区李口集区块煤储层地质条件进行了研究。结果表明：区块内主煤层的煤体结构破坏严重,小型裂隙发育但连通性较差,含气量中等且属于低压煤储层,煤层气采收率偏低,地面原位开采的难度较大。为此,建议该区块的煤层气开发以矿井抽采为主,并在煤矿采动带和采空区辅以合理的地面抽采工程。