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31.
Topographic feature points and lines are the framework of topography, and their spatial distance relationship is an breakthrough in the study of topographical geometry, internal structure and development level. Proximity distance (PD) is an indicator to describe the distance between the gully source point (GSP) and the watershed boundary. In the upstream catchment area, PDs can be expressed by the streamline proximity distance (SPD), as well as by the horizontal proximity distance (HPD) and the vertical proximity distance (VPD) in the horizontal and vertical dimensions, respectively. The series of indicators (e.g., SPD, HPD and VPD) are important for quantifying the geomorphological development process of a loess basin because of the headward erosion of loess gullies. In this study, the digital elevation model data with 5 m resolution and a digital topographic analysis method are used for the statistical analyses of the SPD, VPD and HPD in 50 sample areas of 6 geomorphic types in the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. The spatial characteristics and the influencing factors are also analysed. Results show that: 1) Central tendencies for the HPDs and the VPDs for the whole study area and the six typical loess landforms are evident. 2) Spatial patterns of the HPDs and the VPDs exhibit evident trends and zonal distributions over the whole study area. 3) The HPDs have a strong positive correlation with gully density (GD) and hypsometric integral. The VPDs also correlates with GD to an extent. Vegetation cover, mean annual precipitation and loess thickness have stronger effects on the VPD than on the HPD. 相似文献
32.
To study the tensile mechanical properties of constant resistance bolts, the RFPA (Rock Failure Process Analysis) statics software is used to perform a uniaxial tensile test on a constant resistance bolt. The numerical test results show that the plastic strain value is 12 times the magnitude of the elastic strain. During plastic deformation, the fluctuation in the stress magnitude is relatively stable, indicating that the bolt has good constant resistance characteristics. The numerical test results are in good agreement with the laboratory test results of M.C. He, and the accuracy and reliability of the numerical test method are verified. Therefore, the RFPA software with coupled static-dynamic loading is further adopted to study the supporting effects of traditional bolts and constant resistance bolts under coupled static-dynamic loading. The numerical comparison of the test results show that the constant resistance bolts can effectively control the deformation amount and rate of the laneway surrounding rock, reduce the total and rate of increase in the accumulated acoustic emissions, decrease the stress on the units in the model and protect the stability of the laneway. This paper verifies that a constant resistance bolt has better impact resistance mechanical properties than those of a traditional bolt and provides an effective way to control rock burst and soft rock that is prone to large deformation damage. 相似文献
33.
航空重力测量以飞机为载体对重力场数据进行采集.由于气流、飞行状态及机体自身振动等因素的影响,航空重力测量原始数据含有大量的噪声,信噪比高达上万级分之一,因此从原始测量数据中获取弱小重力信号成为航空重力测量系统发展的一个技术难题.本文针对航空重力测量系统将通用卡尔曼滤波公式进行了适应性调整,建立了航空重力异常的数学模型,针对系统测量原理提出了卡尔曼滤波状态方程,解决了重力信号与差分GNSS信号匹配、航空重力弱小信号提取的难题.经过实测的航空重力测量数据验证,提出的航空重力数据解算方法能够高精度地解算出航空重力异常,且优于FIR低通滤波器(目前工程上采用)的解算结果,推进了航空重力弱信号提取技术的发展. 相似文献
34.
关于滑坡推力计算方法的合理性及改进方法的探讨 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
滑坡推力大小的可靠性与计算方法有直接关系。本文讨论了传递系数法的适用性,提出了改进途径和方法:即用改进的瑞典条分法和江布法来计算滑坡推力,并推导了相应的计算公式,对于治理工程设计和评价有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
35.
36.
海岸侵蚀是沿海各国面临的共同问题,海滩养护是当前砂质海岸保护的最佳手段,在全球范围内得到广泛应用。本文回顾了海滩养护技术的发展历程,总结了世界范围的海滩养护实践,分析各国海滩养护理念上存在的差异。以研究文献为基础,总结归纳了平面和横向剖面的补砂方式、辅助工程技术和海滩模型预测等方面的海滩养护技术研究进展,并在此基础上提出了海滩养护的未来发展趋势:①针对复杂海岸的海滩养护应用拓展;②基于沉积物管理的海滩养护修复;③从地貌系统到生态系统全面考虑的海滩养护技术;④全球砂源赤字条件下的海滩保护和修复思路。 相似文献
37.
Yanming Feng 《Journal of Geodesy》2008,82(12):847-862
This paper presents a general modeling strategy for ambiguity resolution (AR) and position estimation (PE) using three or
more phase-based ranging signals from a global navigation satellite system (GNSS). The proposed strategy will identify three
best “virtual” signals to allow for more reliable AR under certain observational conditions characterized by ionospheric and
tropospheric delay variability, level of phase noise and orbit accuracy. The selected virtual signals suffer from minimal
or relatively low ionospheric effects, and thus are known as ionosphere-reduced virtual signals. As a result, the ionospheric parameters in the geometry-based observational models can be eliminated for
long baselines, typically those of length tens to hundreds of kilometres. The proposed modeling comprises three major steps.
Step 1 is the geometry-free determination of the extra-widelane (EWL) formed between the two closest L-band carrier measurements,
directly from the two corresponding code measurements. Step 2 forms the second EWL signal and resolves the integer ambiguity
with a geometry-based estimator alone or together with the first EWL. This is followed by a procedure to correct for the first-order
ionospheric delay using the two ambiguity-fixed widelane (WL) signals derived from the integer-fixed EWL signals. Step 3 finds
an independent narrow-lane (NL) signal, which is used together with a refined WL to resolve NL ambiguity with geometry-based
integer estimation and search algorithms. As a result, the above two AR processes performed with WL/NL and EWL/WL signals
respectively, either in sequence or in parallel, can support real time kinematic (RTK) positioning over baselines of tens
to hundreds of kilometres, thus enabling centimetre-to-decimentre positioning at the local, regional and even global scales
in the future. 相似文献
38.
周传明(2004)曾报道湖北保康白竹磷矿陡山沱组磷块岩中含有与瓮安生物群类似的磷酸盐化微化石,包括多细胞藻类Wengania,Paramecia,Thallophyca;大型具刺疑源类Meghystrichosphaeridium,Knol-lisphaeridium;球状蓝菌类Archaeophycus;丝状蓝菌类Siphonophycus,Obruchevella以及新发现的珍珠球藻Bacatisphaera.最近,作者对保康白竹磷矿陡山沱组进行了重新考察和采样研究.结果除发现上述微化石外,还发现大型具刺疑源类Papillomembrana compta,Appenendisphaera sp.;球状化石Megasphaera inornata,Megaclonophycus onustus以及峡东地区常见的丝状蓝菌化石湖北萨洛米藻(Salome hubeiensis)等.研究表明,本文报道的保康白竹磷矿陡山沱组的含化石层位与峡东地区陡山沱组第二段及贵州瓮安上磷矿层下部的微化石层位相当,组合面貌相似.新资料证明峡东地区陡山沱组第二段出现的疑源类下组合,包括多细胞藻类、大型复杂疑源类、球状化石、球状和丝状蓝菌化石等,区域分布广泛,层位稳定,具有重要生物地层学意义. 相似文献
39.
库姆塔格沙漠的形成时代与演化 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
库姆塔格沙漠腹地广泛出露含古风成砂的第四纪地层剖面。根据含古风成砂地层剖面的野外调查与地层年代的室内分析结果,并与已有的周边区域地质资料对比分析,库姆塔格沙漠形成至少始于早更新世初,到中更新世晚期285.9±42.9 ka BP沙漠已大面积扩展形成,奠定了现代沙漠环境格局。沙漠最初从西南部开始形成,之后向北和东北扩展。依据梭梭沟地层剖面,沙漠在第四纪演化过程中至少经历了19个沙漠正、逆过程旋回,平均周期约为110 ka。新构造运动对沙漠的形成演化和地貌的形成发育具有重要作用,构造了山间断陷盆地并使其逐渐向封闭的干旱盆地演化形成沙漠,受四周断裂控制沙漠整体形态呈扫帚状。分布在沙漠北部的独特砾石体地貌形成于晚更新世末(285.9±42.9)ka BP之后。 相似文献
40.
电子海图最短距离航线自动生成的改进方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对航路二叉树方法绕行碍航区处理不完备、效率低等缺点,提出了最短距离航线自动生成的改进方法。通过复杂碍航区路径的递归搜索和碍航区绕行规则的优化,实现了复杂情形下的航线自动生成;利用方向一致性判断、边界检测和动态包络矩形排斥等策略优化航线生成,并采用递归处理和动态判断的方式求解最短距离航线。此方法与已有的航路二叉树方法相比,在自动生成航线的质量和效率上都有明显提高。 相似文献