纳米铁去除饮用水中As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)

在好氧水体中,As(Ⅲ)比As(Ⅴ)更易迁移,而且在水处理过程中去除效率更低。在实验室合成制得BET比表面积为49.16 m2/g,直径范围为20~40 nm的纳米铁。通过批试验考察纳米铁对As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)去除能力及其反应动力学情况。结果表明,在pH为7,温度20℃时纳米铁能够快速地去除As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ),在60 m in内,0.25 g纳米铁对起始浓度为968.6μg/L As(Ⅲ)和828.9μg/L As(Ⅴ)的去除率大于99.5%。反应遵循准一级反应动力学方程,标准化后的As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)比表面积速率常数kSA分别为1.30 mL/(m2.m in)和1.64 mL/(m2.m in)。由实验结果可知,具有高反应活性的纳米铁是用于含砷饮用水处理非常有效的吸附材料。     

Holocene environmental change inferred from the loess–palaeosol sequences adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, China

Chinese loess deposits are generally considered to be the product of dust storms and dust falls from the central Asia arid zones that were transported across China by the northwesterly continental monsoon. In contrast, the Zhengzhou Loess found southeast of the Loess Plateau, adjacent to the floodplain of the Yellow River, records a different eolian regime and dust source. The Zhengzhou Loess was investigated by field observations, measurements of magnetic susceptibility, particle-size distribution, loss-on-ignition, CaCO₃ and chemical contents. Both field observations and the laboratory results indicate that, during the last glacial, the Zhengzhou Loess was supplied by two different eolian regimes and dust sources, one was from the fresh flood deposits of the Yellow River driven by the northeast winds from the low-lying floodplain, and the other was from the dust storms and dust falls that traveled across the Loess Plateau driven by the northwesterly continental monsoon from the central Asian arid lands. The early Holocene, 11,500–8500 a BP, was a transition during the change in eolian regime and dust source because of the weakened northwesterly monsoon along with the global climatic amelioration. Following the retreat of the northwesterly monsoon from the onset of the mid-Holocene Climatic Optimum at 8500 a BP, dust supply from the drifting sand zone on the Yellow River floodplain became dominant because of the intensified strength of the northeast winds from the Bohai Sea. From 3100 a BP onwards, climatic aridity and extensive human disturbance have resulted in intensive eolian processes causing the incursion of the drifting sand into the Zhengzhou Loess zone. These results show that loess accumulation is more complex than traditionally assumed. The origin of loess deposits elsewhere outside the Loess Plateau may be related to dust sources derived from alluvial sediments of major river systems.     

胶州湾李村河口沉积物中硫化物形成的控制因素

在胶州湾李村河口,对多个短柱状岩芯沉积物中的有机质（有机碳和有机氮）、酸可挥发性硫化物（AVS）、黄铁矿及活性铁等进行了分析。结果表明,样品的有机质含量较高,有机碳含量为0．16％～3．21％,有机氮含量为0．002％-0．2％;6个短柱状样的AVS含量变化较大：198．4—0．4umol／g,平均35．6umol／g;活性铁含量为47．5～169．3umol／g,平均91．4umol／g;黄铁矿含量为14．8～41．0umol／g,平均28．7umol／g。通过计算沉积物中活性铁的黄铁矿化度（DOP）与硫化度（DOS）指标,及分析各参数间相关性,发现以下现象：（1）胶州湾李村河口沉积物中的活性铁被转化为硫化物的程度较高,被转化为黄铁矿的程度较低,沉积物中的黄铁矿得到了较好保存。DOP不适宜用作河口区氧化还原状态的判断指标,DOS对氧化还原状态的响应更加灵敏;（2）距河口较近的区域,受李村河河水的影响较大,易分解有机质供应充足,AVS大量形成,其向黄铁矿的转化并不充分,活性铁成为硫化物形成的控制因素。距河口较远的站位,活性铁含量相对充足,有机质含量相对不足,因此有机质含量成为硫化物形成的控制因素,AVS向黄铁矿的转化比较充分;（3）有机质尤其是易分解有机质含量是李村河口硫化物形成、活性铁富集及其黄铁矿化度的主要控制因素。AVS的形成主要受到有机氮的限制,而黄铁矿的形成主要受到有机碳的限制。因此,河流输入物质对河口区沉积物中C、S和Fe的循环具有显著的影响。     

塔中地区志留系碎屑锆石测年及其地质意义

志留系是塔里木盆地第一套砂岩储层广泛分布的沉积盖层,其沉积来源与成因对志留纪构造演化及周边造山带的研究具有重要意义。塔中地区3个志留系样品的碎屑锆石LA?ICP?MS U?Pb定年研究表明,志留系具有比较集中的二期物源年龄：南华纪中期、古元古代中期。碎屑锆石测定的年龄表明塔中志留系物源均来自前寒武纪,塔中东部源区方向的塔南隆起基底在奥陶纪已隆升成为蚀源区。大量的新元古代中期锆石年龄表明塔里木板块在新元古代时期可能与Rodinia超大陆具有相似的聚合与裂解演化史。     

地表下沉系数选取的LWPSO-BP方法研究

针对BP神经网络自身收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部极小点的缺点,本文以线性下降惯性权重粒子群优化算法(LLWPSO)为前处理器,优化BP网络的权值和阈值,利用实测资料数据,建立LWPSO-BP的地表下沉系数预计模型,并同普通BP模型预计结果对比结果表明:LWPSO-BP神经网络不仅训练速度快,而且预测精度明显提高,该模型对地...     

地质统计学反演在稠油油藏砾岩夹层预测中的应用

随着开发程度加剧,中海油增储上产不断突破下限,越来越走向深层、低渗、深水和稠油.渤海海域探明原油地质储量超60％为稠油,开发难度大.影响稠油油藏热采开发的关键地质因素有油藏类型、含油饱和度、隔夹层、小断层等,其中隔夹层影响最大.D油田为辫状河沉积、储集层非均质性强的厚层块状特超稠油油藏.针对D油田砾岩夹层薄、地震预测精...     

Incoherent scatter spectrum of ionospheric plasma with an anisotropic temperature ion distribution

The expression of anisotropic temperature ion distribution function under the 13-moment approximation is obtained by solving a set of moment equations based on the Boltzmann equation for a relaxation collision model and with consideration of the anisotropic temperature ion distribution. And the incoherent scatter spectrum with an anisotropic temperature ion distribution is simulated in different directions based on the electromagnetic radiation theory of Sheffield. The effects of different electrical field strengths, ratios of electron temperature to ion temperature, and ion-neutral collision frequencies on the incoherent scatter spectrum are all discussed. Finally, the value of theoretical simulation is compared with the measured value of incoherent scattering spectrum. The result show that the incoherent scatter spectrum of ions seriously deviates from the form of the Maxwellian distribution in the equilibrium state. This phenomenon can be attributed to the effects of anisotropic temperature ion distribution, the larger convection electric field, and other factors in high latitude ionosphere.     

月球和地球正常重力特征差异及成因探讨

月球和地球都非常接近于旋转椭球,基于正常椭球求定的正常重力场占据了月球和地球真实重力场的主要部分,比较月球和地球的正常重力,可以更好地理解这两个天体的重力变化特征.基于Clairaut定理求解月球和地球的正常重力,正常重力随纬度的变化呈现了相反趋势,即地球是两极的正常重力大于赤道的正常重力,而月球是两极的正常重力小于赤道的正常重力.从截断误差及椭球形状与自转角速度的协调关系分析了月球和地球正常重力随纬度变化产生相反趋势的原因:月球的椭球扁率与自转角速度之间的数值关系不满足行星流体静力学平衡条件,即利用Clairaut定理求解正常重力并不严格适用于月球.     

浅层结构不确定性对广角地震走时正演模拟结果的影响——以西沙地块OBS2011-1测线为例

海洋地球物理勘探中常使用多道地震数据建立浅部地层模型,结合海底地震仪广角地震数据进行射线追踪和走时反演求取地层速度特征.受采集环境和成本限制,部分海底地震仪测线缺少同步采集的多道地震数据,建立的初始模型其浅层结构有较大不确定性,可能会对正演模拟结果造成严重影响.本研究针对海底地震仪广角地震走时模拟中浅部结构的不确定性因素,使用RayInvr软件构建了理论模型和走时数据体,分析讨论了初始模型沉积层厚度与速度变化对正演模拟结果的影响.之后进行实测数据处理,在MCS2019-3测线数据的约束下建立初始模型,对OBS2011-1测线震相重新进行了走时拟合,将得到的模型结果与先前结果进行对比,得到以下结论:沉积层厚度及速度不确定性对走时模拟结果的浅部结构影响较大,深部结构影响较小;使用错误的速度与基底深度组合来拟合沉积层反射震相PsP,会使台站下方的地壳和地幔折射震相Pg和Pn,以及莫霍面反射震相PmP都出现走时小起伏,走时提前对应沉积层速度与厚度偏大,走时延后对应沉积层速度与厚度偏小;PsP震相缺失时,不同的速度-深度组合都可以很好地拟合震相,但会增加结果的不确定性.     

Global-Scale Coupling Characteristics between Geomagnetic Storms and Ionospheric Disturbances

Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - To explore the global-scale coupling characteristics between ionospheric disturbances and geomagnetic storms, and research the near-Earth space environment, the time...