Geological, geochemical characteristics and isotope systematics of the Longqiao iron deposit in the Lu-Zong volcano-sedimentary basin, Middle-Lower Yangtze (Changjiang) River Valley, Eastern China

The Middle-Lower Yangtze (Changjiang) River Valley metallogenic belt is located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton of eastern China. Most polymetallic deposits in the Changjiang metallogenic belt are clustered in seven districts where magmatism of Mesozoic age (Yanshanian tectono-thermal event) is particularly extensive. From west to east these districts are: E-dong, Jiu-Rui, Anqing-Guichi, Lu-Zong, Tong-Ling, Ning-Wu and Ning-Zhen. World-class iron ore deposits occur in the Lu-Zong and Ning-Wu ore clusters, which are mainly located in continental fault-bound volcanic-sedimentary basins. One of these deposits is the Longqiao iron deposit, discovered in the northern part of the Lu-Zong Basin in 1985. This deposit consists of a single stratabound and stratiform orebody, hosted in sedimentary carbonate rocks of the Triassic Dongma'anshan Formation. A syenite pluton (Longqiao intrusion) is situated below the deposit. The iron ore is massive and disseminated and the ore minerals are mainly magnetite and minor pyrite. Wall rock alteration mostly consists of skarn minerals, such as diopside, garnet, potassic feldspar, quartz, chlorite, phlogopite and anhydrite. Thin sedimentary siderite beds of Triassic age occur as relict laminated ore at the top and the margin of the magnetite orebody. These sideritic laminae are part of Triassic evaporite-bearing carbonate deposits (Dongma'anshan Formation).Sulfur isotopic compositions show that the sulfur in the deposit was derived from a mixture of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and carbonate–evaporite host rocks. Similarly, the C and O isotopic compositions of limestones from the Dongma'anshan Formation indicate that these rocks interacted with magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The O isotopic compositions of the syenitic rocks and minerals from the deposit show that the hydrothermal magnetite and skarn minerals were formed from magmatic fluids. The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides are similar to those of the Longqiao syenite. Phlogopite coexisting with magnetite in the magnetite ores yielded a plateau age of 130.5 ± 1.1 Ma (2σ), whereas the LA-ICP MS age of the syenite intrusion is 131.1 ± 1.5 Ma, which is slightly older than the age of phlogopite.The Longqiao syenite intrusion may have crystallized from a parental alkaline magma, generated by partial melting of lithospheric mantle, during extensional tectonics. The ore fluids were probably first derived from magma at depth, later emplaced in the sedimentary rocks of the Dongma'anshan Formation, where it interacted with siderite and evaporite-bearing carbonate strata, resulting in the formation of magnetite and skarn minerals. The Longqiao iron deposit is a skarn-type stratabound and stratiform mineral system, genetically and temporally related to the Longqiao syenite intrusion. The Longqiao syenite is part of the widespread Mesozoic intracontinental magmatism (Yanshanian event) in eastern China, which has been linked to lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling.     

周期性弱凝胶调驱技术及应用

通过室内物理模拟实验,研究平面模型中周期性注入弱凝胶效果和提高采收率机理.研究证明,弱凝胶调驱可大幅改善水驱油藏平面和纵向上的非均质性,提高水驱波及系数.周期性注入凝胶段塞能取得调剖作用和驱替效果,前段弱凝胶、中间水和后续弱凝胶可组成一个有机灵活整体,使水驱效率大幅提高,可维持调驱效果长效性.在试验基础上,针对埕岛油田北区CB6B块非均质突出,水驱矛盾突出问题,现场实施周期性弱凝胶调驱.实施后注入剖面得到明显改善,含水下降,累增油量2.05×104 t,提高采油速度0.3%.     

超高压变质岩矿物中的显微构造缺陷:来自TEM和FTIR研究的证据

超高压变质矿物的某些显微构造缺陷可能指示了岩石短暂和快速抬升过程。文中报道了中国大别山双河地区超高压硬玉石英岩矿物显微构造缺陷的透射电镜(TEM)和Fourier变换红外光谱(FTIR)的研究结果。用TEM研究方法,在硬玉石英岩中硬玉包裹体内发现了亚微米级天然蒙钠长石(MA,C2/m)、高钠长石(HA,C)和低钠长石(LA,C)三种多形变体。表明岩石在折返过程经历过高温变质作用(>930℃),以及退变质过程的快速冷却;在石英包裹体内发现了纳米级柯石英和石盐子矿物,提供了柯石英转变为石英以及峰期变质条件下高盐流体存在的证据。"名义上无水矿物"(NAMs)的结构水(OH/H2O)是以缺陷形式赋存于矿物结构中。FTIR分析结果显示硬玉、石榴石、金红石和石英中结构水的平均含量分别为1000×10-6、(900~1600)×10-6、>2000×10-6和<4×10-6,硬玉石英岩全岩含水量为(490~600)×10-6,表明在高压-超高压变质作用过程中,地壳或原岩中的水可以通过这些NAMs携带到地球深部。该类显微构造缺陷可能是大陆碰撞造山带在高应变速率下的局部弱化和深部断层作用的结果。     

青海祁漫塔格地区斑岩铜矿的成矿条件和远景

文章对青海祁漫塔格地区斑岩铜矿成矿带的成矿地质条件进行了研究,其形成于造山带汇聚阶段中后期的活动陆缘环境,与驱龙斑岩铜矿对比具有相类似的成矿地质条件,找矿远景很大.特别是卡而却卡、乌兰乌珠尔、鸭子沟、尕怒大门等地区具有斑岩铜矿成矿的广阔前景,有希望找到新的大型超大型铜矿床.通过对乌兰乌珠尔矿床的解剖,该矿区构造裂隙发育,岩石蚀变强烈.具典型的"斑岩型"蚀变分带:由中心向外依次为强硅化带??硅化钾化带??绢英岩化带??青磐岩化带.成矿元素以铜为主,伴有铅、锌、锡等多种有用组分.岩浆岩、热液蚀变作用、热液运移和矿质沉淀的构造空间控制了矿床的产出.为进一步在该区找矿指明了方向.     

东天山黑峰山、双峰山及沙泉子(铜)铁矿床的矿物微量和稀土元素地球化学特征

东天山黑峰山铁矿床、双峰山铁矿床以及沙泉子铜铁矿床位于新疆哈密盆地以南,是东天山阿齐山-雅满苏构造带的重要矿床。文章利用磁铁矿、黄铁矿和方解石的微量元素及稀土元素组成示踪了这些矿床的成矿流体来源和性质,初步探讨了矿床的成因类型。激光剥蚀（LA）-ICP-MS磁铁矿微量元素分析表明,三个矿床的磁铁矿具有非常低的w（V）、w（Cr）和w（Ti）（平均分别为68×10^-6、13×10^-6和237×10^-6）,指示磁铁矿形成于热液过程而不是岩浆分异。黄铁矿中较高的Cu含量可能反映了含Cu矿物微颗粒的存在。黄铁矿中较低的Pb、Zn含量可能反映了成矿流体中较低的Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺浓度。黄铁矿中的Co/Ni比值表明这些矿床均为火山-热液成因。三个矿床黄铁矿的稀土元素总量都很低（ΣREE为0.58×10^-6~3.02×10^-6）,黑峰山铁矿中的黄铁矿轻、重稀土元素分馏不明显,双峰山铁矿和沙泉子铜铁矿中的黄铁矿均为轻稀土元素富集型,（La/Yb）_N分别为3.51~13.4和2.76~17.2。三个矿床略有差别的方解石稀土元素配分模式,反映了其流体组成和形成机制的差别。黑峰山铁矿中的重稀土元素富集型的方解石稀土元素配分模式为方解石Sm-Nd定年提供了依据。三个矿床的黄铁矿和方解石均无Ce异常,黑峰山铁矿中的黄铁矿和方解石表现为负Eu异常,而双峰山铁矿和沙泉子铜铁矿中的黄铁矿和方解石表现为正Eu异常,反映了三个矿床均形成于较高的温度,前者成矿流体可能为碱性,后两者成矿流体为酸性、还原性。结合前人研究成果认为,黑峰山铁矿、双峰山铁矿及沙泉子铜铁矿均为火山热液-充填（交代）矿床。     

Technology and Its Application： MIS with Geographical Information

Despite the constant expansion of the application of GIS, in recent years, the data process-ing ability of the application system developed with GIS_Tool is quite limited. Management information system with the geographical information can not only be used to deal with data commonly, but also deal with digitized maps as GIS_Tool does. Thus it can help the user develop an application system high-qual-ified both in maps and traditional data. This paper, by taking the method of integrated MapInfo in the application of Visual Basic as an example, mainly illustrates two technological problenm-integrated map technology and the multiuserization of Maplnfo geographical information. And also the concrete solu-tions to the problems are provided.     

似鱼形断层角砾形成机制及意义

在湖南衡东县铅锌矿观察到一种似鱼形的断层角砾。利用单个角砾即可指示断层两盘位移方向和断层面产状。作者认为它将为变质岩区矿田构造研究、为钻孔岩心研究和矿山坑道地质研究中确定断层位移方向带来方便。     

Complexation of Si in hydrothermal systems

The Au-SiO2 and Sn-SiO2 complexes have been experimentally calibrated at varying temperature,silica comcentration and pH: Au^ H2SiO4^-=AuH3SiO4 lgK=-1.65436 9611.21/T; Sn^4 4H3SiO4^-=Sn(H3SiO4)4 lgK200℃=42.73 Compared with Au-Cl,Au-HS and Sn-OH complexes,AuH3SiO4 and Sn(H3SiO4)4complexes can be recognized as the dominant transport forms in Si-bearing solurtions under pH and Eh conditions of general interest.The decrease of SiO2 concentration and oxygen fugacity would reverse the direction of dissolution-complexing reactions,resulting in the precipitation of gold and silica,as well as cassiterite and silica.This study illustrates the significance of SiO2-complexation in hydrothermal solutions for gold,tin and other metallizations.     

吉林永吉县头道沟地区镁铁—超镁铁质岩U-Pb年代学研究及地质意义

吉林省永吉县头道沟地区出露许多与头道沟岩组相伴产出的镁铁—超镁铁质岩,鉴于其处于长春-延吉构造带附近而受到业内关注,但由于缺少高精度年代学资料,制约了对区域大地构造的深入研究。本文采用锆石U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS)方法,对镁铁—超镁铁质岩进行了年代学研究。变质辉绿岩年龄为270±5 Ma,变质橄榄岩中捕获锆石最小年龄为297 Ma,考虑岩石组合及二者紧密相伴产出,认为二者均形成于中二叠世。镁铁—超镁铁质岩中捕获的锆石记录了华北克拉通及其北缘多次重要的构造热事件。其中,变辉绿岩中获得446±6 Ma的年龄与变质橄榄岩中获得的不一致线下交点434±240 Ma年龄共同对应了华北克拉通北缘早古生代的重要构造岩浆热事件;大量的1.8~2.4Ga年龄对应古元古代辽吉造山带热事件;1377 Ma、1542 Ma与蓟县系建造时代对应;869~997 Ma与青白口系建造时代对应;在变质辉绿岩中还存在众多3.0~3.2Ga锆石年龄。分析上述年龄结构及龙岗陆块北缘古生代地质体分布特征,推测研究区深部可能存在古老的变质基底,同时也表明研究区出露的镁铁—超镁铁质岩形成于陆内构造环境,而非蛇绿岩的组成成分,这对深化区域大地构造研究具有重要意义。     

Seismic Stability of a Tunnel Considering the Dynamic Geologic Parameters of Loess

In this study, Taiyuan loess is used in the analysis of the seismic stability of a loess tunnel. This analysis considers the dynamic parameters of the loess as determined via triaxial compression tests in the literature. In this analysis, the consolidation pressure is converted into the thickness of the overlying loess layer. The spring stiffness and damping coefficients of the viscoelastic boundary are obtained using the maximum dynamic elastic modulus in conjunction with different loess moisture contents and Poisson’s ratios. Additionally, the loess cohesion and internal friction angle are also obtained for different moisture contents. By (1) utilizing the dynamic finite element static shear strength reduction method and the non-convergence rule, (2) taking the safety factor as the assessment standard for loess tunnel stability, and (3) reducing the dynamic parameters of the loess mass until the model calculation is non-convergent, the effects of the moisture content, seismic intensity and loess thickness on the safety factor are obtained. A theoretical basis for the seismic response analysis of this type of loess tunnel is provided by considering the dynamic parameters of loess.