Gold Solubility in SiO2—HCl—H2O System at 200℃：a Preliminary Assessment of the Implications of Silicification with Regard to Gold Mineralization

The complexation between gold and silica was experimentally, confirmed and calibrated at 200 °C: $$\begin{gathered} Au^ + + H_3 SiO_4^ - \rightleftharpoons AuH_3 SiO_4^0 \hfill \\ \log K_{(200^\circ C)} = 19.26 \pm 0.4 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ Thermodynamic calculations show that AuH₃SiO ₄ ⁰ would be far more abundant than AuCl ₂ ^? under physicochemical conditions of geological interest, suggesting that silica is much more important than chloride as ligands for gold transport. In systems containing both sulfur and silica, AuH₃SiO ₄ ⁰ would be increasingly more important than Au (HS) ₂ ^? as the proportion of SiO₂ in the system increases. The dissolution of gold in aqueous SiO₂ solutions can be described by the reaction: $$\begin{gathered} Au + 1/4O_2 + H_4 SiO_4^0 \rightleftharpoons AuH_3 SiO_4^0 + 1/2H_2 O \hfill \\ log K_{(200^\circ C)} = 6.23 \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ which indicates that SiO₂ precipitation is an effective mechanism governing gold deposition, and thus explains the close association of silicification and gold mineralization.     

一维土层非线性地震反应分析的解析递推格式法

引入“结构动力学数值分析解析递推格式法”求解软土地基地震反应分析问题。就一维地基非线性地震反应分析问题,将解析递推格式方法与等效线性化方法在各种场地土的计算结果进行了比较,结果表明：(1) 对软土层地震反应分析时,两种方法计算结果差别较大; （2）入射波幅值较强时,两种方法计算结果差别较大;（3）对于中等硬度土层、入射波幅值较弱时,计算结果相似, 并验证了该方法的实用有效性。     

粒度分布的端元建模分析及检验:以“吉兰泰—河套”盆地西部DK-12钻孔晚第四纪沉积物为例*

端元建模分析能够从复杂的多峰分布特征的沉积物中提取出具有不同沉积动力过程的端元,但是,由于沉积物的粒度分布还受到沉积环境等多种因素的影响,该方法的有效性及获得的端元组分的地质意义有待其他环境代用指标的进一步检验。以位于“吉兰泰—河套”盆地西部磴口次级隆起区的DK-12钻孔晚第四纪沉积物为例,采用BEMMA算法对该钻孔沉积物的粒度资料进行了端元建模分析,并以黏土矿物组合和前人的孢粉组合数据作为检验指标,结合该地区的区域地质背景,对获得的4个端元进行了综合检验分析,认为获得的沉积物粒度端元具有明确的地质意义,其中EM 1为远源粉尘、EM 2为近源的风成沙、EM 3和EM 4为河流冲积沙。     

青藏高原中部岩石圈结构及地球动力学的天然地震学研究

青藏高原中部岩石圈结构及地球动力学的天然地震学研究研究生吕庆田导师管志宁（应用地球物理系北京１０００８３）青藏高原的隆升和地壳缩短被普遍认为是印度板块和欧亚板块碰撞的结果,然而对隆升和地壳缩短的机制和动力学过程仍不清楚。已提出的动力学模式可分为３类：...     

基于城市化的中国能源消费前景分析及对碳排放的相关思考

工业化和城市化是中国未来的两大发展趋势.以往对中国未来能源消费及碳排放的预测大都是从工业化层面出发,忽略了城市化过程导致的生活能源消费的巨大增量.推动城市化进程是提升生活质量、满足人的基本权利的重要手段;立足城市化进程,保障人均能源消费及碳排放空间是确保人人享有基本的生存权和发展权的重要基础.从对中国城市化进程的发展态...     

气候变化与人类活动对石家庄市藁城区地下水位埋深的影响分析

为了探寻石家庄市藁城区地下水埋深动态变化规律,以藁城区2001—2018年的年降水量、地下水人工开采量等数据为基础,对藁城区地下水位埋深进行研究。首先采用P-Ⅲ型曲线法确定降水序列的丰、平、枯年份,分析不同降水量情况下地下水位埋深变化规律;其次,利用地下水开采潜力系数法和灰色关联度法对人工开采量和地下水位埋深的关系进行研究。结果表明：1）藁城区地下水位埋深在2001—2016年逐渐增大,在2016—2018年趋于减小,2016年为转折点;在空间上藁城区地下水位埋深呈现出北部埋深小、南部埋深大的特征,北部水位埋深较同期南部水位埋深要浅5~10 m。2）降水是驱动藁城区地下水位埋深变化的重要因素,枯水年水位埋深变幅在0.8~1.5 m之间,平水年水位埋深变幅在0.3~1.2 m之间,丰水年水位埋深变幅在0.3~1.1 m之间。主灌期（3—6月）的地下水位埋深增加速率均为cm/d级,非主灌期（7—10月）的地下水位埋深减少速率均为mm/d级。3）人工开采是驱动藁城区地下水位埋深变化的主导因素,其中农业开采量占人工开采量的80%。综上认为,藁城区一直处于严重超采状态,地下水累计超采量每增加1亿m³,地下水位埋深增加0.45 m。     

Groundwater head uncertainty analysis in unsteady-state water flow models using the interval and perturbation methods

In the numerical simulation of groundwater flow, uncertainties often affect the precision of the simulation results. Stochastic and statistical approaches such as the Monte Carlo method, the Neumann expansion method and the Taylor series expansion, are commonly employed to estimate uncertainty in the final output. Based on the first-order interval perturbation method, a combination of the interval and perturbation methods is proposed as a viable alternative and compared to the well-known equal interval continuous sampling method (EICSM). The approach was realized using the GFModel (an unsaturated-saturated groundwater flow simulation model) program. This study exemplifies scenarios of three distinct interval parameters, namely, the hydraulic conductivities of six equal parts of the aquifer, their boundary head conditions, and several hydrogeological parameters (e.g. specific storativity and extraction rate of wells). The results show that the relative errors of deviation of the groundwater head extremums (RDGE) in the late stage of simulation are controlled within approximately ±5% when the changing rate of the hydrogeological parameter is no more than 0.2. From the viewpoint of the groundwater head extremums, the relative errors can be controlled within ±1.5%. The relative errors of the groundwater head variation are within approximately ±5% when the changing rate is no more than 0.2. The proposed method of this study is applicable to unsteady-state confined water flow systems.

     

综合物探方法在汤上屯地热勘探中的应用研究

本文通过联剖、电测深、磁法和测温法等综合工作成果,分析、推断出汤上屯热水构造的产状、性质和热水出露条件,圈定出了热水分布范围.     

Fluid evolution in the Rushan lode gold deposit of Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China

The Rushan gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula is currently the largest lode gold in China. Gold occurs mainly in pyrite- and polymetallic sulfide–quartz vein/veinlet stockworks. Fluid inclusions in the deposit are divided into three main types, namely CO₂–H₂O, H₂O–CO₂ ± CH₄ and aqueous ones. Microthermometric data show that the pre-gold fluids were CO₂-dominant (X_CO2 up to 0.53), and the total homogenization temperatures fall in the range of 298377 °C. These fluids, modified by fluid/wallrock reactions, gradually evolved into fluids with less CO₂ (X_CO2 = 0.010.19) in the main ore-forming stage, and the total homogenization temperatures range from 170 to 324 °C. Hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope data suggest that ore-forming fluids were mixture of magmatic and meteoritic origin. Co-occurrence of gold and sulfides implies that gold was most likely transported in the form of gold–sulfide complexes. The wide distribution of CO₂ inclusions means that the pH variation during gold transportation was controlled by CO₂ buffering.