福建省中新生代古火山构造基本特征

福建位于我国东海之滨,环太平洋西部古火山带内,中新生代火山岩极为发育,尤以晚侏罗—早白垩世最为强烈,它们不仅规模庞大,且表现为由弱到强到弱的多次喷发。在闽东呈大面积分布,闽西则以单个盆地形式出现,面积约四万平方公里,占全省总面积的三分之一。新中国成立后,我们对中新生代火山岩进行了较系统的工作,特别是经过1∶20万区域     

基于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS的直流电法正演模拟

以点电源和线电源为例,叙述了基于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS的直流电法正演模拟过程。通过对COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS正演模拟解与理论值的对比分析,验证了应用COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS进行直流电法正演模拟的正确性与可行性。鉴于COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS强大的剖分求解功能及丰富的后处理操作,可以快速、准确实现正演模拟,其在地球物理正演模拟中的应用的研究意义重大。     

不同氧化锰矿物对光催化降解苯酚的影响

合成层状结构的酸性和碱性水钠锰矿以及隧道结构的锰钾矿和钙锰矿,将其用于苯酚的光催化降解研究。分别采用X射线衍射(XRD)、原子吸收光谱(AAS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、BET氮气吸附法和紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)对供试锰氧化物的晶体结构、化学组成、微观形貌、比表面积以及光吸收性能等进行了表征。研究表明,暗反应条件锰氧化物对苯酚的降解作用较弱,而UV-Vis光照能显著促进锰氧化物对苯酚的降解。光照反应12 h后,锰钾矿、酸性水钠锰矿、钙锰矿以及碱性水钠锰矿的苯酚降解率分别为92.1%、77.3%、57.4%和45.8%;对应的TOC去除率分别由暗反应时的6.3%、11.2%、2.0%和4.6%提高至62.1%、43.1%、25.4%和22.5%。4种供试锰氧化物均具有光催化活性,其大小顺序为:锰钾矿>酸性水钠锰矿>钙锰矿>碱性水钠锰矿。UV-Vis光照下氧化锰矿物光化学降解苯酚主要存在3种降解机制———苯酚的直接光解,锰氧化物的化学氧化和锰氧化物的光化学催化,其中光催化降解起主导作用。     

辽西建昌碱性粗面岩的年代学及岩石成因研究

义县组火山岩在辽话分布广泛,研究区碱性粗面岩位于建昌地区义县组火山岩的顶部,详细的年代学及地球化学研究表明,锆石u—Pb年龄为（120．3±1．5）Ma,具有较高的SiO2：和碱含量,ω（SiO2）=63．52％～65．94％,ω（Na20＋K2O）=9．63％一10．15％,ω（Na20）／ω（K20）为0．96～1．08,属于高钾碱性岩系列,同时具有较低的ω（MgO）（0．75％～1．05％）,稀土配分模式为轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾型模式（La／Yb）n=8．96～12．02）,较弱的正Eu异常（δEu=1．07—1．16）,相容元素Cr（1．46×10^6～4．15X10^6）、c0（19．8X10^6。～45．9X10^6）和Ni（0．100x10^6～1．55×10^6）含量低。微量元素蛛网图显示明显的Ba和Pb正异常,以及Sr、Ti和Y负异常,此外,zr和Hf显示一定的正异常。认为碱性岩形成于拉张的构造环境,且来源深度较大,是壳幔相互作用的结果,研究区火山岩是经过强烈橄榄石、斜方辉石和单斜辉石结晶分异的富集地幔岩浆上升底侵至下地壳,并经历同化混染和部分熔融,然后沿着深大断裂喷发至地表。     

西藏班公湖蛇绿岩地质特征及形成时代

西藏班公湖蛇绿岩由变质橄榄岩、超基性-基性堆晶岩、辉长岩墙群和枕状熔岩组成.其地球化学特征为:超基性岩以富Mg,贫Ti、Al、Ca,低Si为特征;基性岩以ω(SiO2)、ω(MgO)偏高,稀土配分模式多数与洋岛玄武岩的稀土配分模式相类似为特征;火山岩以Th、Nd元素富集,球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式可分为二类:一类为LREE亏损的直线型,与洋中脊玄武岩的特征类似,另一类为LREE富集型,与洋岛碱性玄武岩特征类似;蛇绿岩时代为晚三叠世晚期-早侏罗世早期开始,结束于晚白垩世晚期;形成于洋中脊相对扩张的构造环境.     

The U-Pb Geochronology and Lu-Hf Isotope Compositions of Detrital Zircons from the Nanhua Group of the Longsheng Region, South China and their Implications for Pan-African Events

It is unclear whether the South China blocks have an affinity with continental Gondwana due to a lack of direct Pan-African magmatic and metamorphic features. In this study, we conducted U-Pb geochronological and Lu-Hf isotopic analyses for detrital zircons from a sandstone of the Chang’an Formation of the Nanhua Group in the Longsheng region of northern Guangxi, with the aim of constraining the timing of sedimentation and information as to its source, as well as seeking evidence for Pan-African events in the South China blocks. The results show that the ages of detrital zircons peaked at 654.7 ± 6.2 Ma, 773.2 ± 4.1 Ma and 821.9 ± 6.5 Ma, with some at 920–870 Ma; the youngest age indicates the existence of the Pan-African thermal event. The εHf(t) and TDM2 values demonstrate that the study area has experienced three stages of crustal growth at 3.0–2.4 Ga, 2.1–1.5 Ga and 1.3–0.9 Ga. With intensively distributed Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic and granitic plutons emplaced at 830–810 Ma along the southwestern section of the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt and positive εHf(t) values from a large group of zircon grains, it is proposed that the sediments of the Chang’an Formation (of Nanhua Group) were largely sourced from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze block. Comparison with the zircon age spectra of the Cathaysian block shows that about 79% of the Pan-African aged detrital zircon grains that have TDM2 = 1352–1031 Ma and εHf(t) = 3.68–8.79, were sourced from the recycled Grenvillian crust of the Cathaysian block, suggesting that the Cathaysian block had a close connection with Gondwana.     

Fe2O3/凹凸棒石Fenton催化剂的制备及性能表征

采用浸渍法制备了用于常温常压下催化Fenton法的负载型Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂,并将其用于处理十二烷基苯磺酸钠废水.采用BET,SEM,FT-IR对其进行了表征,并考察了Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂的催化活性和稳定性.对于初始浓度为40 mg/L的十二烷基苯磺酸钠模拟废水,当Fe2O3/凹凸棒石催化剂和H2O2氧化剂的投加量分别为20 g/L和0.392 mol/L时,pH为5时,反应温度为80℃时,处理1h时染料的十二烷基苯磺酸钠的去除率可达到99.99％.与传统Fenton试剂法相比,以Fe2O3/凹凸棒石为催化剂的Fenton法,具有pH范围广(2～10),降解程度高和催化剂易回收再用的优点.     

Isotopes and Geochronology of the Meixian-type Pb-Zn-(Ag)Deposits,Central Fujian Rift,South China:Implications for Geological Events

Central Fujian Rift is another new and important volcanogenic massive sulfide Pb-Zn polymetallic metallogenetic belt. In order to find out the material genesis and mineralization period of Meixian-type Pb-Zn-Ag deposits, S and Pb isotope analysis and isotope geochronology of ores and wall rocks for five major deposits are discussed. It is concluded that the composition of sulfur isotope from sulfide ore vary slightly in different deposits and the mean value is close to zero with the 834S ranging from -3.5‰ to ＋5.6‰ averaging at ＋2.0‰, which indicates that the sulfur might originate from magma or possibly erupted directly from volcano or was leached from ore-hosted volcanic rock. The lead from ores in most deposits displays radioactive genesis character （206pb/204pb〉18.140, 207Pb/204pb〉15.584, 208pb/204pb〉38.569） and lead isotope values of ores are higher than those of wall rocks, which indicates that the lead was likely leached from the ore-hosted volcanic rocks. Based on isotope data, two significant Pb-Zn metallogenesis are delineated, which are Mid- and Late-Proterozoic sedimentary exhalative metailogenesis （The single zircon U-Pb, Sm-Nd isochronal and Ar-Ar dating ages of ore- hosted wall rocks are calculated to be among 933-1788 Ma.） and Yanshanian magmatic hydrothermal superimposed and alternated metallogenesis （intrusive SHRIMP zircon U-Pb and Rb-Sr isochronal ages between 127-154 Ma）.     

Multistage Deformation in the Northeastern Segment of the Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt: Constraints for the Relationship between the Yangtze Plate and the Cathaysia Old Land

Multistage deformation events have occurred in the northeastern Jiangshao Fault (Suture) Belt. The earliest two are ductile deformation events. The first is the ca. 820 Ma top-to-the-northwest ductile thrusting, which directly resulted from the collision between the Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc (?) during the Late Neoproterozoic, and the Jiangnan Orogenic Belt that formed as the ocean closed between the Yangtze Plate and the jointed Cathaysia Old Land and the Chencai Arc due to continuous compression. The second is the ductile left-lateral strike-slipping that occurred in the latest Early Paleozoic. Since the Jinning period, all deformation events represent the reactivation or inversion of intraplate structures due to the collisions between the North China and Yangtze plates during the Triassic and between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates during the Cenozoic. In the Triassic, brittle right-lateral strike-slipping and subsequent top-to-the south thrusting occurred along the whole northeastern Jiangshao Fault Zone because of the collision between the North China and Yangtze plates. In the Late Mesozoic, regional extension took place across southeastern China. In the Cenozoic, the collision between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates resulted in brittle thrusts along the whole Jiangnan Old land in the Miocene. The Jiangshao Fault Belt is a weak zone in the crust with long history, and its reactivation is one of important characteristics of the deformation in South China; however, late-stage deformation events did not occur beyond the Jiangnan Old Land and most of them are parallel to the strike of the Old Land, which is similar to the Cenozoic deformation in Central Asia. In addition, the Jiangnan old Land is not a collisional boundary between the Yangtze Plate and Cathaysia Old Land in the Triassic.     

基于SEM的可变形块体离散元法研究

针对边坡工程中岩土体连续-非连续渐进破坏的特点,提出一种新的变形体离散元方法（DEM）。与传统有限单元法（FEM）不同,弹簧元法（SEM）通过构建一组广义弹簧系统描述单元的力学行为。弹簧元法中的一个广义弹簧可以具有多个方向的刚度系数,确定广义弹簧系统的构造形式及其各刚度系数表达式是弹簧元法的核心。以三角形单元为例,介绍平面弹簧元的基本理论。对任何二维正交广义弹簧系统,通过定义广义弹簧变形与单元应变之间的关系,直接对比单元的应变能与弹簧系统的弹性势能即可得到广义弹簧刚度系数的表达形式。定义泊松刚度系数和纯剪刚度系数两个系统参数,描述正交广义弹簧之间的联系。对任意泊松比的材料,该方法都可准确地描述泊松效应的影响,计算结果与传统有限元法一致。该方法不需要求得有限元单元刚度矩阵的具体形式,具有直接方便、物理意义明确的优点,应用该方法给出任意4节点单元弹簧系统的构造形式及其各刚度系数的表达式。基于SEM的可变形块体离散元法,用弹簧元中的广义弹簧求解块体变形,用离散元中的接触弹簧计算块体间作用力,在单元节点的控制方程中实现弹簧元-离散元耦合计算,通过接触弹簧的状态实现材料由连续到非连续的破坏过程。在基于连续介质离散元法（CDEM）程序的基础上实现弹簧元-离散元耦合程序,应用耦合程序计算均质土坡在重力作用下的弹塑性变形和基覆边坡在重力作用下的破坏,初步证明该方法用于边坡变形渐进破坏分析的可行性。