基于RS和GIS的城市公共绿地功能模糊评价

城市公共绿地具有重要的生态功能和社会功能,良好的评价体系有利于其科学的规划和管理。目前主要采用人均公共绿地和服务半径两个指标对公共绿地质量进行评价,不能较好地评价其生态和社会功能。本文根据公共绿地的功能特点,按照评价体系可操作性和可比性要求,选择单位公园绿化覆盖率、面积大小、公园服务半径内的居民区和单位面积比例、服务半径内道路面积比例作为评价因子。并以山东省泰安市为研究区,利用遥感影像监督分类结合ArcGIS空间分析方法从SPOT5影像中获取评价因子数据,利用多级模糊评判方法对研究区城市公共绿地进行评判。模糊评价结果为泰安市公共绿地的生态功能和社会功能综合得分为77.449分,等级标准为良好。     

一次大雾天气下PM2.5二次无机粒子的数值模拟

利用多尺度空气质量模式系统（Models-3/CMAQ）对2002年12月1—3日北京及周边地区发生的一次大雾天气进行数值模拟,分析了大雾天气下PM2.5二次无机粒子的演变及其影响。结果表明,白天相对湿度降低,雾滴蒸发脱水后PM2.5二次无机粒子会悬浮在大气中;夜间在水汽凝结成雾滴的过程中,大量的PM2.5二次无机粒子提供了充足的凝结核,促进大雾天气的进一步发展。午后PM2.5二次无机粒子积聚及较高的相对湿度是造成北京及周边地区低能见度的重要原因,并推断该区域很可能是霾天气。     

ANALYSIS OF THE MICROPHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF RADIATION FOG IN XUANEN MOUNTAINOUS REGION OF HUBEI, CHINA

Based on data of radiation fog events in Xuanen, Hubei province, 2010, this paper analyzes the microphysical process and evolution characteristics of radiation fogs with complicated substrate in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze River, and compares them with findings in other areas. Results are as follows: radiation fog in Xuanen is evidently weaker in droplet number concentration and liquid water content than land fogs in other areas. Its liquid water content fluctuates obviously, 0.01g/ m3 with visibility of 1,000 meters, which is quite different from that in urban areas, but similar to the Nanling Mountains. Bi-modal droplet distribution is likely to occur in Xuanen mountain radiation fog (MRF) events. Statistical analysis shows that the observed droplet size distribution can be piecewise described well by the Gamma distribution. There is a positive correlation between liquid water content, fog droplet concentration and mean radius, especially in the development and dissipation stage. Condensation growth and droplet evaporation are major processes of Xuanen MRF. The dissipation time coincided with the time when the grass temperature reached the peak value, which indicated that dew evaporation is a key role in maintaining Xuanen MRF. In the early stage of dense fog’s growth, droplets with diameter of over 20 micrometers can be observed with visibility of 800-1,000m, which might be caused by the transportation of low cloud droplets to earth’s surface by turbulence. Big droplets in the initial stage correspond to higher water content, leading to the higher observed value of water content of Xuanen MRF.     

基于单位影响域的道路增量式综合方法

在地理信息数据库更新的要求下,提出了一种基于单位影响域的道路增量式综合方法,利用旧小比例尺上未发生变化数据,将道路的单位影响范围作为首要选取标准对新增数据进行取舍,减少了地图综合的工作量。采用四叉树分割方法对道路数据进行密度区域划分,不同密度区利用不同的单位影响域阈值进行取舍,保证综合后道路的密度分布与原数据保持一致,并用实验验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于MFAC的数控机床位置伺服系统

数控机床位置伺服系统是数控机床的重要组成部分,是一个复杂的机电系统,其控制受多方面因素的影响,控制难度较大,且其位置精度会影响数控机床的加工精度.本文以数控机床的位置伺服系统作为研究对象,通过改进算法来提高系统性能.本文基于传统的PI控制,采用紧格式动态线性化（CFDL）方法进一步对速度环与位置环进行改进,设计出改进前的无模型自适应控制（MFAC）,之后通过增加控制项来对改进前MFAC算法进行改进,得到改进后的MFAC算法.将两种算法在Matlab/Simulink中分别进行仿真,结果表明改进后的MFAC控制方案能够保持改进前MFAC控制方案的优点,并且位置跟随性能增强,具有良好的鲁棒性.     

大姚6.1级地震烈度与震害分析

综合2003年大姚6．1级地震震区85个居民点的震害调查资料,系统介绍了该地震的烈度分布及各烈度区的震害特征,并对大姚铜矿的震害现象做了专项分析,对震区烈度异常点的场地条件进行了分析。     

三峡库区水质动态监测网络信息发布系统的设计与应用

从三峡库区水质动态监测的实际需求出发,引入了W ebG IS的概念,设计了三峡库区网络水质动态监测信息发布系统的基本架构,分析了W ebG IS平台ArcIMS在此系统中的应用,并实现了水质数据的后台更新机制。     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON A DYNAMIC ASYMMETRICAL TYPHOON INITIALIZATION SCHEME BASED ON 4D-VAR

Axisymmetric bogus vortexes at sea level are usually used in the traditional bogus data assimilation (BDA) scheme. In the traditional scheme, the vortex could not accurately describe the specific characteristics of a typhoon, and the evolving real typhoon is forced to unreasonably adapt to this changeless vortex. For this reason, an asymmetrical typhoon bogus method with information blended from the analysis and the observation is put forward in this paper, in which the impact of the Subtropical High is also taken into consideration. With the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) and its adjoint model, a four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4D-Var) technique is employed to build a dynamic asymmetrical BDA scheme to assimilate different asymmetrical bogus vortexes at different time. The track and intensity of six summer typhoons much influenced by the Subtropical High are simulated and the results are compared. It is shown that the improvement in track simulation in the new scheme is more significant than that in the traditional scheme. Moreover, the periods for which the track cannot be simulated well by the traditional scheme can be improved with the new scheme. The results also reveal that although the simulated typhoon intensity in the new scheme is generally weaker than that in the traditional scheme, this trend enables the new scheme to simulate, in the later period, closer-to-observation intensity than the traditional scheme. However, despite the fact that the observed intensity has been largely weakened, the simulated intensity at later periods of the BDA schemes is still very intensive, resulting in overly development of the typhoon during the simulation. The limitation to the simulation effect of the BDA scheme due to this condition needs to be further studied.     

图割模型在卫星云图云检测中的应用

提出一种基于图割模型的卫星云图云检测方法。利用FY-2C卫星云图的长波红外通道和可见光通道的云图提取了10个灰度特征和80个Gabor纹理特征,再用主成分分析方法（principal component analysis,PCA）降维到9个主成分。将这9个主成分构成的特征作为每个像素的特征,建立相似度矩阵,再利用改进的NormalizedCuts模型进行分割,将云图分成了晴空区域和有云区域。与地面观测结果相比,平均一致率达到86．51％,表明将Gabor纹理特征和灰度特征相结合并利用改进的Normalized Cuts模型对卫星云图云检测有比较好的效果。