Effects of Sea Spray Evaporation and Dissipative Heating on Intensity and Structure of Tropical Cyclone

To examine effects of sea spray evaporation and dissipative heating on structure and intensity of a real tropical cyclone,the sea spray flux parameterization scheme was incorporated into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model(MM5).Sensitivity tests were performed with varying the spray source function intensities and with and without dissipation heating.The numerical results indicate that sea spray evaporation increases the interfacial sensible heat flux,which is increased by 16% for the moderate spray and 47% for the heavy spray,but has little effect on the interfacial latent heat flux.The net effect of sea spray evaporation is to decrease the total sensible heat flux and to increase the total latent heat flux.The total enthalpy flux is increased by 1% and 12% with moderate and strong spray amounts,respectively.Consistent with these results,the intensity of the tropical cyclone is increased by 5% and 16% in maximum 10-m wind speed,respectively,due to sea spray evaporation.Sea spray evaporation and dissipative heating modify the tropical cyclone structure in important but complex ways.The effect of sea spray on the near-surface temperature and moisture depends on the spray amounts and its location within the tropical cyclone.Within the high-wind region of a tropical cyclone,the lower atmosphere becomes cooler and moister due to the evaporation of sea spray.However,the dissipative heating offsets the cooling due to sea spray evaporation,which makes the lower atmosphere warmer.     

PCC桩低应变检测中的三维效应

分析了低应变检测对PCC大直径薄壁混凝土管桩的适用性。对低应变中受瞬间冲击荷载作用的完整和缺陷PCC桩的动力响应进行了一维及三维有限元模拟,详细研究了PCC桩低应变检测中的三维效应。研究结果表明：除了一维应力波理论中的纵向振动外,PCC桩顶所测的动力响应中还包含弯曲振动以及波在桩顶表面传播和内外边界上的反射的影响。在研究结果的基础上,对PCC桩低应变检测试验中激振点和测点的最佳位置和如何合理分析试验结果给出了建议。     

Re-Os Dating of Molybdenite from the Nannihu Mo (-W) Orefield in the East Qinling and Its Geodynamic Significance

Located in the East Qinling molybdenum metallogenic belt on the southern margin of the North China craton, the Nannihu Mo (-W) orefield comprising Nannihu, Sandaozhuang, and Shangfanggou deposits is a superlarge skarn-porphyry Mo (-W) orefield in the world. Re-Os dating was performed of six molybdenite samples from the Mo deposits in the Nannihu Mo orefield with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results show that the Re-Os model ages are 145.8±2.1-141.8±2.1 Ma for the Nannihu deposit, 145.4±2.0-144.5±2.2 Ma (averaging 145.0±2.2 Ma) for the Sandaozhuang deposit and 145.8±2.1-143.8±2.1 Ma (averaging 144.8±2.1 Ma) for the Shangfanggou deposit; dating of the six samples yields an isochron age of 141.5±7.8 Ma (2σ), which accurately determines the timing of mineralization. The results also suggest that the ore-forming materials were mainly derived from the lower crust, mixed with minor mantle components. These Mo deposits were formed during the transition of the Mesozoic tect     

China Has Successfully Conducted Its First Pilot Production of Natural Gas Hydrates

<正>Natural gas hydrates are a chemical compound of methane and water molecules formed under low temperature and high pressure.The decomposition of 1 m~3of natural gas hydrates can release about 0.8 m~3 of water and 164 m~3 of natural gas.Thus,natural gas hydrates are characterized by their high-energy density and huge resource potential.It is estimated that the world's total natural gas hydrates resource amount is equivalent to twice the total carbon amount of the global proven     

基于SAMCF法的攀西地区水系沉积物铂族元素异常提取

攀西地区是我国重要的铂族元素地球化学省,具良好的铂族元素(PGE)成矿地质条件;攀枝花-西昌一带有一个与峨眉山玄武岩分布范围基本吻合的Pt、Pd区域地球化学异常。本文根据不同地层单元水系沉积物中Pt、Pd元素地球化学特征,用子区中位数衬值滤波(SAMCF)法提取铂族元素异常,圈出多处Pt、Pd衬值异常区。结合有关铂族元素矿床地球化学特征,通过水系沉积物中Pt、Pd综合异常的筛选,初步优选出8个铂族元素异常找矿远景区和19个Ⅱ类异常区,为进一步开展铂族矿床找矿提供依据。     

激光雷达数据质量控制研究

气溶胶激光雷达是大气气溶胶探测的有效技术手段,是对常规地面监测技术有力的支撑和补充,数据质量控制是业务推广与深入研究的根本保障。为构建激光雷达业务观测网,必须深入探讨气溶胶激光雷达的数据质量控制方法。本文从气溶胶激光雷达基本原理出发,分别针对数据质量控制的核心指标距离精度标校、通道增益比、单脉冲能量、几何重叠因子、背景基线、数据反演方法进行了详细讨论,为建立米散射气溶胶激光雷达的数据质控方法提供了有效参考依据。     

基于数值产品的乡镇天气预报方法研究与应用

通过对数值预报模式产品的对比分析,应用MM5和T213数值模式产品,对乡镇天气预报的降水和温度预报进行研究。将2005年8—10月模式预报结果分别进行效果检验和分析,得到主客观预报订正规律,可以有效地提高乡镇天气预报准确率,由此形成基于数值模式预报产品的乡镇天气预报方法。     

青藏高原碰撞造山带：Ⅱ.晚碰撞转换成矿作用

许多古老造山带的碰撞造山过程,因从晚碰撞向后碰撞的转换,既不清楚,又难以界定,常被分为碰撞和后碰撞2个阶段。文章对青藏高原碰撞造山过程进行了分析,发现其具有明显的3段性,由此将碰撞造山过程分为主碰撞(65~41Ma)、晚碰撞(40~26Ma)和后碰撞(25~0Ma)3个阶段。其中,晚碰撞造山作用发生于印度与亚洲大陆的持续汇聚和SN向挤压背景之下,以陆内俯冲、大规模逆冲推覆、走滑断裂系统的发育为特征,导致了区域尺度的地壳缩短及藏东富碱斑岩和碳酸岩_正长岩、藏北钾质_超钾质火山岩的大规模产出。晚碰撞期成矿作用强烈发育,主要集中于高原东缘的构造转换带,成矿高峰期集中于(35±5)Ma。现已识别出4个重要的成矿事件:①与大规模走滑断裂系统有关的斑岩型Cu_Mo(Au)成矿事件,形成著名的玉龙斑岩铜矿带(40~36Ma);②与碳酸岩_正长岩杂岩有关的REE成矿事件,在二叠纪攀西古裂谷带内发育勉宁—德昌喜马拉雅期REE成矿带(41~27Ma);③与逆冲推覆构造系统有关的热卤水型Pb_Zn_Ag_Cu成矿事件,集中产出于兰坪盆地,形成大型Pb_Zn_Ag矿集区(40~30Ma);④与大规模剪切系统有关的剪切带型Au成矿事件,形成著名的哀牢山大型Au矿带(63~28Ma)。晚碰撞成矿作用主要发育于陆内转换造山环境,受大规模走滑_推覆_剪切作用控制,受控于统一的深部作用过程,与软流圈上涌导致的幔源或壳/幔混源岩浆活动密切相关。在综合研究基础上,初步建立了晚碰撞转换成矿模型。     

华北东濮凹陷异常高压与流体活动及其对储集砂岩成岩作用的制约

Basin-Mod软件模拟显示东濮凹陷35Ma左右孔隙流体已出现较高异常压力，综合分析表明欠压实作用是发育异常高压的主要机制，处于异常高压带内的泥岩存在微裂隙带，是异常高压流体压裂的直接结果并可以成为流体运移的通道，通过典型研究区砂岩压实（溶）量，压实－胶结关系，沉积参数－储集物性的对比，表明异常高压流体的确对砂岩的压实作用具有抑制作用，另一方面，自生石英流体包体均一温度大部分在105－145℃之间，频数呈多峰式展布，可能显示幕式流体活动。该温度范围内由于没有有机酸的大规模生产，泥岩频繁发生的幕式流体泄压活动，使得富含CO3^2-的高压流体在注入砂岩（低压区）孔隙后易与Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,Fe^2 等离子结合，导致砂岩储层发生强烈的（晚期）碳酸盐沉淀和胶结作用。     

基于涡度相关通量数据估算水稻光能利用率

使用涡度相关通量数据估算安徽寿县农田水稻拔节至成熟期的光能利用率,并分析光能利用率的日变化和季节变化。研究表明:光能利用率的日动态呈现先降低后升高的单峰U型曲线,即早晚值较高,中午较低;季节变化总体呈现降低趋势。日变化中,光能利用率与温度呈正相关,与吸收的光合有效辐射呈显著负相关;季节变化中,光能利用率与温度呈弱正相关。