影响登陆台风降水量的主要因素分析

利用常规观测和自动站加密资料、卫星云图、雷达及NCEP再分析资料,诊断分析1521号台风“杜鹃”登陆福建减弱过程中造成宁波异常强降水原因,结果表明：本次宁波强降雨是由“杜鹃”减弱后的外围云系在加强西进的副高边缘通过对流发展引发的,伴有强雷电,具有低质心降水特点;中低层大范围、长时间持续的水汽能量输送给本次强降水提供了必要的水汽条件,水汽通量散度出现负值、极小值、变大与强降水的开始、增幅、结束有提前12 h的预示期;能量场的梯度大小和位置对台风暴雨的预报有较好的指示作用,强降水发生在能量场梯度大值区出现12 h之后;本次大暴雨过程发生在对流不稳定条件下,并伴有和暖湿气流相联系的湿位涡水平分量的发展,触发了垂直涡度的增长;中尺度辐合线的位置和强度对未来1 h降水预报有非常好的指示作用。

     

人工回灌过程中富里酸和Cu(Ⅱ)对多孔介质悬浮物堵塞的影响

地下水人工回灌是解决地下水超采问题的有效措施,悬浮颗粒物堵塞是影响回灌进行的技术瓶颈。目前多数研究聚焦在悬浮物堵塞方面,然而地表回灌水中重金属离子以及腐殖质对多孔介质物理堵塞的影响缺乏研究。本研究采用室内渗流砂柱试验研究富里酸、Cu(Ⅱ)以及两者共存对多孔介质悬浮物堵塞的影响,分别采用高岭土（SS组）、富里酸+高岭土（SS+FA组）、富里酸+Cu(Ⅱ)+高岭土（SS+FA+Cu组）配置模拟回灌用水。研究结果表明：（1）回灌结束时,SS组、SS+FA组、SS+FA+Cu组多孔介质整体相对渗透系数K’分别降至0.233,0.095,0.182。SS组和SS+FA+Cu组在中上层（0~7.50 cm）相对渗透系数K’均降至0.28以下,而在底层（7.50~10.50 cm）相对渗透系数K’仅降至0.45左右,说明2组多孔介质中上层重度堵塞（0相似文献   

An unsplit complex frequency-shifted perfectly matched layer for second-order acoustic wave equations

The perfectly matched layer(PML) boundary condition has been proven to be effective for attenuating reflections from model boundaries during wavefield simulation. As such, it has been widely used in time-domain finite-difference wavefield simulations. The conventional PML has poor performance for near grazing incident waves and low-frequency reflections. To overcome these limitations, a more complex frequency-shifted stretch(CSF) function is introduced, which is known as the CFSPML boundary condition and can be implemented in the time domain by a recursive convolution technique(CPML). When implementing the PML technique to second-order wave equations, all the existing methods involve adding auxiliary terms and rewriting the wave equations into new second-order partial differential equations that can be simulated by the finite-difference scheme, which may affect the efficiency of numerical simulation. In this paper, we propose a relatively simple and efficient approach to implement CPML for the second-order equation system, which solves the original wave equations numerically in the stretched coordinate. The spatial derivatives in the stretched coordinate are computed by adding a correction term to the regular derivatives. Once the first-order spatial derivatives are computed, we computed the second-order spatial derivatives in a similar way; therefore, we refer to the method as two-step CPML(TS-CPML). We apply the method to the second-order acoustic wave equation and a coupled second-order pseudo-acoustic TTI wave equation. Our simulations indicate that amplitudes of reflected waves are only about half of those computed with the traditional CPML method, suggesting that the proposed approach has computational advantages and therefore can be widely used for forwarding modeling and seismic imaging.     

无锡市现代农业评价体系构建

发展现代农业是促进我国"三农"问题解决的最有效途径之一,也是今后我国农业发展的根本方向。因而亟需建立一套科学的现代农业评价体系,以便对现代农业发展的水平进行评定并指导现代农业建设实践。该评价体系由农业生产、农村发展、农民生活3个方面构成,并以层次分析法赋予各指标权重。同时,以无锡市现代农业发展为实例对指标进行赋值。研究结果表明,无锡市现代农业正处于程度较高的发展期,但仍存在很大的发展空间。针对其发展过程中出现的问题,今后应采取提升农业规模化、机械化水平,加强信息化建设以及促进农民增收等应对措施。     

复频探地雷达在未爆弹探测中的应用

使用搭载200&400 MHz复合天线的LTD系列探地雷达,对埋设的未爆弹进行探测试验,并运用克希霍夫积分偏移法及三维插值算法对探地雷达数据进行三维成像。试验结果能准确地反映出浅埋未爆弹的位置信息,可指导排爆人员进行精确的开挖及排除。     

基于Voronoi邻近的物流车辆路径快速优化算法

 现代物流业需要快速高效并智能化制定物流运输方案。传统路径优化方法适合处理中小规模的车辆路径问题,计算时间较长,方案质量较低,故需发展短时间内能提供高质量路径方案的启发式算法。针对大规模物流车辆路径优化,本文提出了一种Voronoi邻近的快速优化方法。该方法先创建初始解,而后进行迭代优化。初始解创建利用Voronoi邻近关系,顾及车辆容量约束,自底向上进行客户点空间聚类,将问题降维;采用最廉价插入算法安排聚类内部路径,生成性质良好的初始解。迭代优化在客户点Voronoi邻近内进行有效的局部搜索,利用模拟退火机制接受较差解,从而跳出局部最优,不断提高解的质量。本文利用模拟生成的北京市大规模车辆路径问题进行实验,结果表明:本文算法能够在4500s内优化客户点高达12 000个物流车辆路径问题,计算时间较短,解的质量优良,算法性能稳定。本文与其他算法比较,能在较短时间内提供高质量车辆路径方案,适用于大规模物流车辆路径的优化。     

Spatial patterns in natural Picea crassifolia forests of northwestern China,as basis for close-to-nature forestry

Close-to-nature forest management has been proposed as an effective method for improving the quality of plantation forests. Knowledge of spatial distribution patterns, structure, and succession trajectories in natural forests can provide guidelines for the establishment of close-to-nature forest plantations. Such knowledge is lacking in natural spruce(Picea crassifolia) forests in the Qilian Mountains of China, impeding the establishment of production forests. We conducted a case study in the Qilian Mountains to analyze the relationships between the naturally-formed forest patches and terrain factors, spatial heterogeneity of stand characteristics, and stand structure following harvesting disturbance. Our results suggested that spruce plantations will be effective on the N, NE, and NW slopes, at elevations between 2700 and 3300 m, and on slopes ranging from 15° to 45°. Further, planted forest patches should occupy 64% of the slope area on semi-shady slopes(NE, NW). Spatial patterns in the studied forest exhibited a strong scale-effect, and an area of 0.25 ha could be used as the most efficient plot scale for the management of spruce plantations. Partial logging is an effective method for the conversion of spruce planted forests into nearnatural forests, and the intensity of partial logging can be determined from the negative exponential function relationship between stand density and DBH. Our results provided critical information for the development of spruce plantations and conversion of existing plantations.     

基于ArcIMS与J2EE城市信息发布系统的设计与应用

介绍了基于ArcIMS和J2EE体系结构集成开发城市信息发布系统的总体框架设计、数据库设计和系统功能设计,并采用此设计方案实现了一个具体实例。     

新疆萨热克砂砾岩型铜矿床成矿流体碳、氢-氧同位素组成及其意义

新疆萨热克铜矿为砂砾岩型铜矿床,赋矿地层为上侏罗统库孜贡苏组砂砾岩.矿体以层状为主,并有裂隙、碎裂构造岩相伴生,常见辉铜矿等金属硫化物与石英、方解石和白云石等胶结物沿砾石间隙或岩石裂隙充填分布.为了揭示成矿流体的性质、来源,文章对矿体中呈脉状产出的石英和碳酸盐矿物(方解石和白云石)中的流体包裹体和碳、氢-氧同位素进行了测定.研究表明:石英和方解石中流体包裹体的气相分数通常为5％～15％,均一温度变化范围88～249℃,平均为172℃;盐度变化范围为6.30％～12.51％,平均为9.46％,为中低温、中低盐度成矿流体.脉状方解石中的δD变化范围为-72‰～-62‰,平均-67.3‰;δ18O变化范围为3.9‰～8.0‰,平均5.3‰,脉状石英中 δD变化范围为-101.7‰～-87.1‰,平均-93.3‰;δ18O变化范围5.1‰～7.5‰,平均6.6‰,氢-氧同位素组成主要落在岩浆水和变质水重叠区及其附近.方解石(白云石)中的δ18O变化范围为-15.1‰～-9.5‰,平均为-12.9‰;δ13C变化范围为-2.5‰～-2.0‰,平均为-0.8‰.同位素组成显示其位于海相碳酸盐岩区左侧附近,与研究区石炭系等碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素相似,表明铜矿石中的脉状方解石脉(无机碳)主要与海相碳酸盐岩的溶解作用有关.综合考虑上述结果,文章推测在萨热克铜矿的北矿段深部可能存在隐伏岩体,成矿流体为变质流体与岩浆热液叠加形成的具中、低温,中、低盐度特征的混合流体,该研究区深部存在具有进一步找矿的潜力.     

空地异常组合特征分析与找矿

根据航空物探资料及地面查证（包括地质观察、地面磁法、电法、化探等）资料,探讨了空地异常组合特征与铁及多金属矿产的关系。在综合分析的基础上,初步建立了利用空地异常组合特征寻找铁及多金属矿的分析方法,对于今后利用空地综合方法确定找矿目标具有一定的指导意义。