横带髭鲷(Hapalogenys mucronatus)仔鱼饥饿不可逆点及摄食生长特性研究

横带髭鲷(Hapalogenys mucronatus)为我国东南沿海具有良好发展前景的养殖鱼类,目前亟待突破其规模化苗种培育的瓶颈技术问题。为探究横带髭鲷仔鱼发育阶段的摄食和生长特性,采用实验生态学方法,在水温(24±0.2)℃、盐度为26的条件下对饥饿仔鱼形态发育、生长、不可逆点及投喂状态下的摄食节律进行研究。结果表明,孵化出膜后的初孵仔鱼,3日龄开口摄食,进入混合营养期,3日龄卵黄囊消耗完毕,油球于8日龄消耗完全,混合营养期为5d。饥饿组仔鱼全长呈先增长后下降趋势,拐点出现在3日龄,在4日龄有畸形仔鱼出现。饥饿仔鱼初次摄食率为10.12%,最高初次摄食率出现在7日龄,为85.06%;PNR出现在7日龄和8日龄之间,至9日龄全部死亡。早期仔鱼(7日龄)的摄食高峰出现在7:00、11:00和15:00,晚期仔鱼(14日龄)在7:00、11:00、15:00和19:00四个时间段,摄食高峰均出现在白天,属于典型的白天摄食类型,随着仔鱼的生长发育,摄食高峰有所延长。横带髭鲷仔鱼最佳开口摄食时间在3日龄,掌握仔鱼的摄食高峰期,在此时间段驯化配合饲料,对于活体饵料向配合饲料的驯食转化具有重要实践意义。     

孤立内波对过渡海域声场干涉结构的影响分析

南海北部陆坡海域是孤立内波的活跃区,孤立内波在该海域能够引起水体环境较强烈的水平不均匀性,从而影响声场干涉结构。将描述宽带声信号强度干涉条纹斜率的波导不变量视为一种分布,能更准确地分析声场的距离*频率干涉结构。本文研究了孤立内波环境下过渡海域声场的距离*频率干涉结构,依据实测孤立内波海洋环境,得到孤立内波环境下随距离变化的声速剖面,利用抛物方程方法仿真过渡海域声场干涉结构。在此基础上,利用拉东变换和傅里叶变换结合的谱值分离方法在低信噪比环境下提取波导不变量分布。分析表明孤立内波环境下过渡海域的声场类影区、类会聚区的波导不变量取值更丰富。     

An Improved Time Domain Approach for Analysis of Floating Bridges Based on Dynamic Finite Element Method and State-Space Model

The floating bridge bears the dead weight and live load with buoyancy, and has wide application prospect in deep-water transportation infrastructure. The structural analysis of floating bridge is challenging due to the complicated fluid-solid coupling effects of wind and wave. In this research, a novel time domain approach combining dynamic finite element method and state-space model (SSM) is established for the refined analysis of floating bridges. The dynamic coupled effects induced by wave excitation load, radiation load and buffeting load are carefully simulated. High-precision fitted SSMs for pontoons are established to enhance the calculation efficiency of hydrodynamic radiation forces in time domain. The dispersion relation is also introduced in the analysis model to appropriately consider the phase differences of wave loads on pontoons. The proposed approach is then employed to simulate the dynamic responses of a scaled floating bridge model which has been tested under real wind and wave loads in laboratory. The numerical results are found to agree well with the test data regarding the structural responses of floating bridge under the considered environmental conditions. The proposed time domain approach is considered to be accurate and effective in simulating the structural behaviors of floating bridge under typical environmental conditions.

     

南海礁栖海藻共附生真菌Pestalotiopsis neglecta SCSIO41 403次级代谢产物研究

研究南海礁栖腔节藻Coelarthrum sp.共附生真菌Pestalotiopsis neglecta SCSIO41403的次级代谢产物。采用中压正相柱层析色谱法和半制备高效液相色谱法, 对真菌发酵产物进行分离纯化, 制备获得6个次级代谢产物单体化合物, 使用核磁共振、质谱等波谱学方法, 结合其理化性质以及文献数据对比, 分别鉴定为: gamahorin (1)、microsporaline C (2)、7-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4,6-dimethylphthalidc (3)、demethyl nectriapyrone A (4)、4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5)和4-hydroxyphenethyl acetate (6)。这6个化合物均为首次从该菌株发现, 其中化合物1、2、5和6是首次从海洋动植物共附生真菌中发现。抗菌活性筛选显示其中化合物3对白色念珠菌有明显抑制活性。     

半封闭海域生态修复策略研究——以渤海为例

渤海作为我国唯一的半封闭型海域,是京津冀城市群蓬勃发展的战略支撑和关键依托,其生态环境的稳定与沿岸人类福祉息息相关,其生态环境修复是近年来该领域的研究热点。文章重点围绕全球气候变化和人类活动对渤海生态环境的影响进行了剖析,通过综合对比分析国内外其他类似水域或地区的生态修复既有成果,立足渤海水域特点和现状,提出动态思维与整体保护原则、生境连通性修复原则、不同时空尺度修复原则等生态修复原则,并指出渤海生态修复需理性规划渔业经济活动,统筹考虑渤海生态与冲淡水之间的关系,建议运用前瞻性的思维模式和理念,合理预测、规划、定位、配置、实施和维护渤海生态系统的稳定,重点探索应对全球气候变化的最佳适应性管理策略。     

基于海洋一号D卫星海岸带成像仪的赤潮遥感监测特征

为进一步加强对赤潮等海洋生态灾害的动态监测,科学支撑海洋防灾减灾工作,文章基于海洋一号D卫星搭载的海岸带成像仪数据,选取北部湾、茂名近岸和陵水湾为研究区域,分析2021年2月发生的4例赤潮事件的遥感影像、叶绿素a浓度和赤潮指数特征。研究结果表明：遥感影像可清晰呈现赤潮分布状况,叶绿素a浓度和赤潮指数的异常值范围与遥感影像一致,赤潮水体的叶绿素a浓度和赤潮指数整体高于非赤潮水体。     

基于数据挖掘探讨中药治疗肝豆状核变性的用药规律

目的：基于数据挖掘探讨中药治疗肝豆状核变性的用药规律。方法：计算机检索1990年1月至2020年1月中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据（WANFANG DATA）、维普中文科技期刊数据库（VIP）中中药治疗肝豆状核变性的相关文献,利用Microsoft Excel 2010 进行频次分析,通过 SPSS Modeler 18.0、SPSS Statistics 23.0 对处方药物进行关联规则、复杂网络、系统聚类分析。结果：最终纳入文献161篇,筛选出处方151首,中药70味。中药频次排前5位的依次是泽泻、姜黄、大黄、黄连、丹参;功效排前5位的依次是利水渗湿、活血化瘀、清热、补虚、泻下药。二项关联多为利水渗湿、活血化瘀、清热、泻下药的组合,三项关联多为活血化瘀、清热、利水渗湿药的组合。聚类分析得到新方聚类的中药组合3类。结论：中医药治疗肝豆状核变性以清热化湿、活血化瘀为主,常用利水渗湿、活血化瘀、清热药,可配伍补虚及泻下药等。     

海洋风暴沉积的微体生物研究进展

微体生物和它们的化石在研究现代风暴和古风暴沉积方面是一个很好和有效的指标。本文综述了国内外近几十年来有关海洋风暴沉积研究中微体生物的应用。目前主要的研究成果集中在对古风暴层有孔虫、硅藻的研究上,而孢粉方面的研究较少。应用微体化石揭示地质历史时期古风暴的发生频率已较为成熟。但未来需提高古风暴重建的可靠性、准确性和精确性,以及探讨微体化石记录与风暴强度之间的相关关系。有关现代风暴过程中微体生物的研究稍显逊色,研究程度较低。了解现代风暴过程中不同沉积环境下微体生物的沉积特征、面貌,它们的形成和保存机制等将成为未来的研究热点和方向。     

2022年冬奥会对张家口城市旅游地形象的影响研究——基于UGC文本分析

重大节事活动对旅游地形象的影响具有时序动态特征,分析其内在机理有利于促进目的地营销和竞争力提升。本文采用Python数据挖掘技术和自然语言处理技术（NLP）,爬取国内知名旅游门户网站的旅游评论,从“认知-情感-整体”3个维度构建分析框架,探究2022年冬奥会申办期、筹备期、预热举办期的张家口城市旅游地形象的时序变化特征,解析特殊时期冬奥会对城市旅游地形象的潜在影响和作用机制。结果表明：(1)张家口市的城市旅游地形象构成要素日趋多元化,冬奥会的作用效果由弱变强。张家口市的冰雪旅游形象关键度不断提升,经历了由模糊向具象转变的细化过程,情感形象产生积极变化;(2)冬奥会对张家口城市旅游地形象产生了渐进式影响效应,通过旅游体验的建构作用、投射形象的引致作用和品牌感知的晕轮作用发挥效果。冬奥会推动张家口市的产品业态创新、基础设施升级及服务水平提升,通过改善游客体验对城市旅游地形象产生积极影响。研究结果对东道主城市的旅游营销和规划具有一定指导意义。     

Application of an ice-ocean coupled model to Bohai Sea ice simulation

The HAMSOM(Hamburg Shelf Ocean Model),a high-resolution regional ice-ocean coupled model,was applied to investigate the seasonal evolution of Bohai Sea ice for winter 2015/2016.HAM SOM was initialized with monthly climatological temperature and salinity data from WOA13 and driven by hourly meteorological data obtained from the NCEP above the sea surface and tides at the open boundary.The ice model used here is a modified Hibler-type dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice model based upon viscous-plastic rheology.The ice extent,concentration,area,thickness,length of ice season as well as the distance between the top of Liaodong Bay(North China) and the outer ice edge line were simulated and compared with the observed data.Three types of modeling experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of wind,tide,and both wind and tide on Bohai Sea ice.The re sults show that wind,as both a dynamic and a thermodynamic factor,has a significant impact on the ice thickness,ice area,and ice-freezing and ice breakup dates as well as the ice velocity,while tides are a dynamic factor that influences only the ice velocity.During the severe ice period,the wind speed intensity increased by 25%,the average ice thickness thickened by approximately 4.0 cm in Liaodong B ay,approximately 2.1 cm in Bohai B ay and approximately2.5 cm in Laizhou B ay,and the total ice coverage area and total ice actual area increased by about 2×10~4 km~2 and 1.4×10~4 km2,respectively.While the tidal amplitude intensity increased by 25%,the average ice velocity increased by approximately 0.1 m/s.