Fluid–rock interaction in the Qitianling granite and associated tin deposits, South China: Evidence from boron and oxygen isotopes

The behavior of boron and its isotopes in fluid-dominant processes and hydrothermal alteration of granites is examined using fresh and altered granite samples from the Qitianling granite and associated hydrothermal tin deposits in South China. Boron concentrations are highest in the fresh granite (37 ppm) and depleted as a result of two stages of fluid mobility and fluid–rock interaction within the granite. Constraints provided both by δ¹¹B and δ¹⁸O data suggest that the first stage was related to exsolution of aqueous fluids from the granite magma at a temperature of > 450 °C. This was followed by further boron depletion in the granite by hydrothermal circulation of meteoric water at lower temperatures (~ 350 °C) and low water/rock ratios. The sensitivity of coupled boron and oxygen isotope systematics to these processes suggests that they can provide valuable constraints on of fluid mobility in granite and associated mineralization.     

兰州—民和盆地河口群沉积相和岩石磁化率——祁连山白垩纪隆升的记录

研究白垩纪祁连山构造隆升过程对认识青藏高原形成及其环境效应具有重要意义,兰州—民和盆地连续出露的河口群沉积物较好地记录了早白垩世祁连山隆升过程。河口群从下向上由冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河、滨湖、滨浅湖、半深湖、三角洲7个沉积相体系组成;综合分析沉积相时空演化、砾石成分及古水流方向统计和岩石磁化率测量,揭示出早白垩世祁连山经历了3期隆升过程:早期(约143～123Ma)快速强烈隆升阶段,此时祁连山东段开始逐渐断陷下沉,盆地沉积了冲积扇至滨浅湖相沉积体系的砾岩、砂岩和泥岩,岩石磁化率值总体偏低,隆升速度较快;中期(约123～113Ma)稳定隆升阶段,湖盆面积达到最大,沉积物以半深湖相泥岩为主,磁化率值总体偏高,隆升速度较慢;晚期快速隆升阶段,约从113Ma开始,祁连山隆升速度加快,湖盆萎缩,沉积了以三角洲相为主的泥岩和砂岩,磁化率值总体偏低,直至109Ma以后,盆地回返,祁连山地区整体抬升遭受剥蚀。     

Agricultural drought risk analysis based on three main crops in prefecture-level cities in the monsoon region of east China

Drought, a frequent environmental disaster in the monsoon region of east China, significantly affects the agricultural economy. In recent years, researchers have emphasised drought risk management. This paper presents a preliminary method to analyse the risk of agricultural drought with regard to the loss of three main crops in individual prefecture-level cities in the monsoon region of east China. In this study, the agricultural drought risk is assessed by developing the index of consecutive rainless days and establishing loss rate curves based on the historical drought data from 1995 to 2008. The results show that the North China is seriously affected by drought hazard. Northeast China is the most sensitive to drought due to its large sown crop areas and weak irrigation. Approximately 11 % of the cities are in the extreme risk category; this category includes 26 % of the cultivated land area and 11 % of the total crop yields in the region. Twenty-three per cent of the cities, accounting for 28.5 % of the total cultivated land area and 26.4 % of the crop yields of the study area, are in high-risk areas, and 77 % of the cities with high and extreme risk levels are distributed in North and Northeast China. Moreover, 64 % of the cities in the monsoon region of East China are in moderate- and low-risk levels. These cities are primarily located south of the Yangtze River. In conclusion, minimising the risk of agricultural drought must be emphasised in northern China because of the high level of risk.     

应用于白光显示的Tm3+/Ho3+/Yb3+共掺碲酸盐玻璃上转换发光特性研究

用高温熔融法制备了Tm³⁺/Ho³⁺/Yb³⁺共掺碲酸盐玻璃(TeO₂-ZnO-La₂O₃)样品,测试了玻璃样品的吸收光谱和上转换发光光谱,分析了上转换发光机理.结果发现:在975 nm波长激光二极管(LD)激励下,制备的碲酸盐玻璃样品可以观察到强烈的红光(662 nm)、绿光(546 nm)和蓝光(480 nm)三基色上转换发光,红光对应于Tm³⁺离子     

磷酸三丁酯减压微色谱柱分离锡的研究和应用

研究了磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）减压微色谱柱分离富集Ｓｎ的条件和性能。选定３ｍｍ×７０ｍｍ的微色谱柱，树脂粒度１２０～１４０目，测得静态吸附容量为２７ｍｇ／ｇ，吸附反应速率常数为３６８×１０－３；减压条件下，在１ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中Ｓｎ被萃取在ＴＢＰ微色谱柱上，用２ｍＬ２ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４洗脱后即可用邻氯苯基荧光酮Ｔｗｅｅｎ２０分光光度法测定Ｓｎ含量。经标准样品验证，分离效果好，适于矿样中微量Ｓｎ测定     

南四湖水面蒸发量分析计算

根据二级湖闸站等四处蒸发站各类型蒸发器（皿）历年逐月水面蒸发观测资料和两处蒸发实验站分析的各类型蒸发器（皿）月蒸发量折算系数，推求出南四湖１９５３年１月至１９９０年１２月逐月及全年水面蒸发量，根据五处水位站历年逐月平均水位观测资料推算出南四湖历年逐月平均和全年平均水面面积，从而求得南四湖历年逐月和全年水面蒸发水量，并对水面蒸发量在时间上的变化特征作了分析。同时根据七处雨量站历年逐月降水资料计算了南四湖区面平均月、年降水量，并分析了水面蒸发量对水资源量的影响。其分析计算成果可供南四湖水平衡研究和水资源评价使用。     

临汾市森林火险等级预报系统及其应用

针对临汾市森林分布面广,每年火情来得早,而且易燃的人工油松林面积较大,是山西的火灾易发区等实际情况,利用1986～2003年18年临汾市有关气象及森林火灾资料,回顾性地分析了森林火灾的发生与气象条件、火源条件及森林含水率的关系,计算了森林火险综合预报指标,前瞻性地建立起交叉学科的综合火险预报方程,经试用效果较好,对森林火灾发生有一定的预报预警能力.     

Late Triassic sedimentary records in the northern Tethyan Himalaya:Tectonic link with Greater India

The Upper Triassic flysch sediments(Nieru Formation and Langjiexue Group)exposed in the Eastern Tethyan Himalayan Sequence are crucial for unraveling the controversial paleogeography and paleotectonics of the Himalayan orogen.This work reports new detrital zircon U-Pb ages and whole-rock geochemical data for clastic rocks from flysch strata in the Shannan area.The mineral modal composition data suggest that these units were mainly sourced from recycled orogen provenances.The chemical compositions of the sandstones in the strata are similar to the chemical composition of upper continental crust.These rocks have relatively low Chemical Index of Alteration values(with an average of 62)and Index of Compositional Variability values(0.69),indicating that they experienced weak weathering and were mainly derived from a mature source.The geochemical compositions of the Upper Triassic strata are similar to those of graywackes from continental island arcs and are indicative of an acidicintermediate igneous source.Furthermore,hornblende and feldspar experienced decomposition in the provenance,and the sediment became enriched in zircon and monazite during sediment transport.The detrital zircons in the strata feature two main age peaks at 225-275 Ma and 500-600 Ma,nearly continuous Paleoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic ages,and a broad inconspicuous cluster in the Tonian-Stenian(800-1200 Ma).The detrital zircons from the Upper Triassic sandstones in the study area lack peaks at 300-325 Ma(characteristic of the Lhasa block)and 1150-1200 Ma(characteristic of the Lhasa and West Australia blocks).Therefore,neither the Lhasa block nor the West Australia blocks likely acted as the main provenance of the Upper Triassic strata.Newly discovered Permian-Triassic basalt and mafic dikes in the Himalayas could have provided the 225-275 Ma detrital zircons.Therefore,Indian and Himalayan units were the main provenances of the flysch strata.The Tethyan Himalaya was part of the northern passive margin and was not an exotic terrane separated from India during the Permian to Early Cretaceous.This evidence suggests that the Neo-Tethyan ocean opened prior to the Late Triassic and that the Upper Triassic deposits were derived from continental crustal fragments adjacent to the northern passive continental margin of Greater India.     

1961—2008年内蒙古降水极端事件分析

利用内蒙古自治区116个气象站1961—2008年逐日降水量资料,以年序列的第90和95个百分位,分别建立了单站日降水量极端气候事件的阈值,检测了近48年来内蒙古逐日降水量极端事件的出现频率,分析了极端事件阈值、频数及降水量的空间分布和年际、年代际及季节变化的差异,对比分析了1987年前后极端事件频次和降水量的变化。结果显示：1) 内蒙古日降水极端事件的阈值普遍较小,在2.1～23.8 mm之间;全年极端事件出现的频次在2.4～20.9 d之间;降水极端事件的阈值、频次、降水量等空间差异十分明显。2) 近48年来内蒙古区域平均的夏季和全年降水极端事件没有显著的增减变化趋势,但进入21世纪后,7—8月内蒙古极端降水事件和极端事件的降水量明显减少。3) 1987年气温显著升高以后,中部大部地区和东南部降水极端事件减少,东北部大部和西部增加。     

基于XGBoost的多源降水数据融合方法研究

气象站点观测降水难以精确反映降水时空分布与变化,而雷达降水存在复杂地形区域精度不高等问题。为了最大限度发挥两者的优势,文章以广东省北部山区为研究区域,选择2018-08-26—30一次暴雨过程为研究对象,结合地形、与海岸线距离、植被指数、经纬度等地表辅助参量,分析地面站点降水与地表辅助参量、雷达降水的相关关系,利用XGBoost算法与克里金插值方法,构建地面-雷达日降水数据融合模型,得到了空间分辨率为1 km的日降水融合数据集。此外,采用多元线性回归（LM）与克里金插值方法,实现了地面-雷达日降水数据的融合,并利用地面降水数据分别对XGBoost与LM日降水融合性能进行精度验证。结果表明：1）地面降水与雷达降水存在显著的正相关,地面降水与地表辅助参量之间的相关性随时间变化;2）XGBoost预测精度整体上高于LM预测结果;经模型残差校正后,XGBoost融合模型的精度整体上优于LM融合模型,这是因为XGBoost方法在捕捉地面降水与地表辅助参量、雷达降水之间关系性能上优于LM方法。