2009年度国家自然科学基金项目指南(地球科学部分)

面上项目指南地球科学是人类认识地球的一门基础科学。它以地球系统及其组成部分为研究对象,探究发生在其中的各种现象、过程及过程之间的相互作用,以提高对地球的认识水平,并利用获取的知识为解决人类生存与可持续发展中的资源供给、环境保护、减轻灾害等重大问题提供科学依据     

2008年度国家自然科学基金项目指南

面上项目指南 地球科学是人类认识地球的一门基础科学.它以地球系统及其组成部分为研究对象,探究发生在其中的各种现象、过程及过程之间的相互作用,以提高对地球的认识水平,并利用获取的知识为解决人类生存与可持续发展中的资源供给、环境保护、减轻灾害等重大问题提供科学依据与技术支撑.     

Trend in Observed and Projected Maximum and Minimum Temperature over N-W Himalayan Basin

Recently, study in past trends of climate variables gained significant consideration because of its contribution in adaptions and mitigation strategies for potential future changes in climate, primarily in the area of water resource management. Future interannual and inter-seasonal variations in maximum and minimum temperature may bring significant changes in hydrological systems and affect regional water resources. The present study has been performed to observe past(1970-2010) as well as future(2011-2100)spatial and temporal variability in temperature(maximum and minimum) over selected stations of Sutlej basin located in North-Western Himalayan region in India. The generation of future time series of temperature data at different stations is done using statistical downscaling technique. The nonparametric test methods, modified Mann-Kendall test and Cumulative Sum chart are used for detecting monotonic trend and sequential shift in time series of maximum and minimum temperature. Sen’s slope estimator test is used to detect the magnitude of change over a period of time on annual and seasonal basis. The cooling experienced in annual TMax and TMin at Kasol in past(1970-2010) would be replaced by warming in future as increasing trends are detected in TMax during 2020 s and 2050 s and in TMin during 2020 s, 2050 s and 2080 s under A1 B and A2 scenarios. Similar results of warming are also predicted at Sunnifor annual TMin in future under both scenarios which witnessed cooling during 1970-2010. The rise in TMin at Rampur is predicted to be continued in future as increasing trends are obtained under both the scenarios. Seasonal trend analysis reveals large variability in trends of TMax and TMin over these stations for the future periods.     

乌石凹陷流沙港组成岩作用及其孔隙演化

通过铸体薄片鉴定、X射线衍射、扫描电镜以及镜煤等多种实验手段对乌石凹陷流沙港组砂岩成岩作用及孔隙演化做了详细研究.结果表明:乌石凹陷流沙港组二段、三段岩石类型主要为石英砂岩,少量长石石英砂岩,粒级分选中等偏差.砂岩的成岩强度均已达到中成岩阶段A期.孔隙类型以原生粒间孔和次生溶蚀孔隙为主,压实作用、胶结作用等减少原生粒间孔隙,溶蚀作用产生大量的次生溶孔,改善储集层物性.     

BED CONDITIONS OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM TRANSPORT OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT

I.INTRODUCTIONSuspendedsedimenttransportissaidbeinanycaseaphenomenaofa3Dprocess.Becauseofthelimitationsincomputercapacity,mostoftheexistingmodelstreateditasatlvoorevenonedimensionalproblem.WiththerapidadvancesofcomputersinbothCPUandmemorycapacity,andbecauseoftheavailabilityof3Dmodelsforturbulentflowsimulationsinpracticalapplications,thefully3Dsimulationofsuspendedsedimentbecomesafeasibleandurgenttaskforhydraulicengineers.TheprocessofsuspendedsedimenttransportisdescribedbytheadVection-d…     

星系团PKS 0745-191中射电气体对X射线气体的加热

对星系团中相对论性粒子的能量演化做了数值计算，在此基础上，联合分析Chandra卫星数据和VLA射电观测结果，计算了星系团PKS0745-191中高能射电气体对X射线气体的加热作用，发现在射电气体幂律谱能量下限为0.001erg时，射电气体对X射线气体的加热不足以补充X射线气体的辐射能损．然后在计算研究了不同能量下限时射电气体对X射线气体的加热作用，并估计了射电气体的能量下限．     

On Biochemical Formation of Salt Deposits

A water/salt system in an evaporative environment is both a physicochemical region and a biological one. All the parameters of the system, such as the salinity, temperature and CO2 partial pressure, are affected by halo-philic bacteria. The system controls salt deposition but is modified by an accompanying ecological system; therefore it should be called a water/salt/biological system. Salt minerals result from accumulation of the remains of bacteria/algae, namely, bacteria/algae formation; whereas biological, biophysical and biochemical processes provide full evidence for organic involvement. Consequently, salt deposits should not be called purely chemical but biological/chemical ones. This new argument supplements and develops the traditional idea and helps perfect the mineralization theory of salts and even general deposits, thus giving guidance to prospecting for salt deposits.     

我国资源潜力、趋势与对策

Symposium on potentiality, tendency and countermeasures of our country resources was convened by the Geoscience Division of Chinese Academy in Beijing in April 14-17, 1991. In the symposium, the present situation, exploiting potentiality in future and countermeasures of mineral resources, energy resources, land resources, water resources,living things resources,climate resources,human resources, marine resource and tourism resources were discussed detailed.
In this report, scientists who joined the symposium have analysed the characteristics and circumstances of our country resources, and discussed its potentiality, put forward that our country should establish the national economic system of resources-saving. At last the development strategy and fundamental countermeasures of our country have given.     

北极楚科奇海近代沉积物稀土元素地球化学特征初探

于 1 999年夏季我国首次北极科学考察期间在楚科奇海采集了三个沉积物岩芯 ,并采用中子活化法 (INAA)测定了沉积物样品中稀土元素的含量。结果表明 ,其含量与东海大陆架细粒沉积物的稀土元素含量十分接近。稀土元素的含量沿沉积物岩心的垂直分布呈现出随深度轻微增大的趋势。页岩标准化的稀土元素配分模式相对平缓 ,Ce有轻度负异常 ,表明沉积物稀土元素除了陆源物质以外 ,也存在生物沉积作用的来源。稀土元素与指示陆源的元素Al具有良好的正相关关系 ,相对于地壳丰度所计算的富集因子接近于 1 ,进一步说明楚科奇海沉积物中的稀土元素以陆源物质输入为主 ,通过江河携带入海 ,最后随碎屑物质、悬浮物而沉积下来 ,并保持一种稳定的沉积状态。