Hydrogeochemistry of two river main floodplain lakes,Hessia, FR Germany

Two lakes, Lake Gänseweiher (LGW) and Lake Fechenheimer Weiher (LFW) occupy groundwater filled abandoned gravel pits which serve as fishing grounds and are part of recreational areas, respectively.Both lakes are cut into a near-surface groundwater aquifer, which is located in the pleistocene River Main gravel terrace t₆. They are sealed at the base by miocene clays and above by overlying flood deposits of the River Main. The latter provide protection from pollutants derived from wet and dry deposition of atmospheric contaminants.Groundwater chemistry determines the pool of dissolved constituents in lake water. The temporal and spatial distribution patterns of chemical compounds in lake water are brought about by endo-biogenic processes, of which the indicators are nitrate-nitrogen and dissolved silica. The latter illustrates an instantaneous response to pulses of diatom blooms.Both lakes are eutrophic (polytrophic) according to the classification guidelines presented in literature.     

Compositional variations and reflectance of the common platinum-group minerals

Summary A detailed study of the compositional variations of 22 different platinum-group minerals, of Os-Ir-Ru- and Pt-Fe alloys, Pt-Pd- and Ru-Os-Ir sulfides, RhIr-Pt sulfarsenides and Pd-Pt tellurides from various deposits resulted in verification of extensive solid solution series and element substitution within different mineral groups. On the basis of representative new microprobe analyses and related spectral reflectance curves of the platinum-group minerals investigated significant correlations between chemical composition and reflectance are discussed.

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Chemische Variation und Reflexion der wichtigsten Minerale der Platingruppe

Zusammenfassung Die Untersuchung der chemischen Variation bei 22 Platinmineralen aus der Gruppe der Os-Ir-Ru- und Pt-Fe-Legierungen, Pt-Pd- und Ru-Os-Ir-Sulfide, Rh-Ir-Pt-Sulfarsenide und Pd-Pt-Telluride ergibt signifikante Mischkristallbildung und Element-Substitutionen innerhalb der unterschiedlichen Mineralgruppen. Anhand neuer Mikrosondenanalysen und der zugehörigen spektralen Reflexionskurven der betreffenden Platinminerale werden die Korrelationen zwischen Chemismus und Reflexion diskutiert.

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With 17 Figures

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Contribution to the Ore Mineralogy Symposium (IMA/COM) at the 14th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, at Stanford, California, in July, 1986.     

The role of stratification in the deoxygenation of Mobile Bay and adjacent shelf bottom waters

Oxygen depletion in the shallow bottom waters of Mobile Bay, Alabama, and in adjacent nearshore and continental shelf waters, is shown to be directly related to the intensity of water column stratification. Low winds speeds are coincidental with the onset of water column stratification and the occurrence of hypoxic events. Hourly, daily, and seasonal changes in the relationship between percent oxygen saturation or oxygen concentration in the bottom waters and surface-bottom density differences indicate that the oxidized materials are recently formed, and not relic or overwintering carbon sources. The influence of density structure (water column stratification) in other oxygen-depleted coastal water masses is compared to Mobile Bay.     

A study on the interpretation of spontaneous potential and resistivity logs in layered aquifer sequence of Pondicherry Region,South India

Geophysical logs provide a strong mechanism for interpretation and determination of the depositional environments, facies and also help in interpretations of hydrogeologic units. Spontaneous potential (SP) and resistivity logs can be used as an indicator of textural parameters. Pondicherry region has a complicated geology and with formation of different ages. The boreholes (BH) of this region are examined for litholog, SP and resistivity from four different BH locations, viz, Ariyankuppam, Chinnaverampattinam, Thavalakuppam and Nallavadu. These locations were studied and interpreted by using the shapes of the curves to identify the depositional environments, and this was later compared with the vertical litholog profile. Comparing the variation of these logs, the lateral variation of sedimentary facies was also attempted. The average resistivity values of Ariyankuppam, Chinnaverampattinam, Thavalakuppam and Nallavadu are 42.4, 30.4, 50.4 and 28.3?Ωm, respectively. Majority of the resistivity values corresponds from fine- to medium-grained sand, clayey pebbles, fine to very coarse sand and clayey sand with lignite. Frequency of resistivity values in each BH were identified for determining the dominant representative grain size. The study has pointed out the lithological variation of the system laterally and vertically using geophysical well logs.     

Spatial distribution of uranium and vanadium in the upper phosphorite member in Eshidiyya basin, southern Jordan

Geostatistical analysis of geochemical exploration data can provide useful information for evaluating the mineralization potential of geologic bodies. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of U and V over an area in the upper phosphorite member, the A0 unit, in Eshidiyya basin in southern Jordan. Drill-hole samples were analyzed. The geochemistry of the analyzed elements was assessed. The spatial variability of U and V was also assessed using semivariance analysis. Both U and V were found to exhibit a normal distribution as indicated by the constructed histograms and the calculated skewness and kurtosis coefficients. Exponential models with nugget effects were fitted to the experimental semivariograms. Ordinary kriging was performed to generate geochemical maps. The applied interpolation technique proved to be the best in producing geochemical exploration maps for both U and V in Eshidiyya phosphorites. The constructed geochemical maps helped visualize a WNW–ESE U mineralization trend in the studied phosphorites. This trend should be taken into consideration in any future exploration programs for U in south Jordan.     

Application of a square wave potentiometry technique for electroreductive sulfur removal from a thiophenic model fuel

Thiophene-containing solutions were electroreductively desulfurized by a dynamic method. Initially, cyclic voltammetry was utilized to study thiophene electroadsorption from aqueous solution onto a platinum electrode surface and also to investigate the thiophene electroreductive behavior. Then, the solution was desulfurized via a square wave potentiometry method. The objective of this study was to find the optimal conditions. In this regard, the best adsorption potential, electroreduction potential, and square wave frequency were found to be ?0.54 V, ?0.95 V, and 1 Hz, respectively. Finally, a model fuel (containing 294 part per millions thiophene) was desulfurized by the square wave potentiometry method. Gas chromatography and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the feed and product solutions. Gas chromatographic measurements revealed that sulfur content decreased to 55 part per millions. Based on the acquired results, electroreductive desulfurization could be designated as an efficient superseded for the commercial hydrodesulfurization process. However, more studies must perform to overcome technical limitations of electroreductive desulfurization technique and to guarantee its reliability.