最前沿的阿拉斯加州下水道主管道质量评估

安克雷奇给排水公司（AWWU）自主拥有运营维护的750英里的废水输送管道包含拦截器在内的十五种不同的管道部件。AWWU拥有可以追溯到1917年的含有大型拦截器的管道超过26英里。像世界上其他公用事业单位一样,AWWU也正尝试在维护这些大型的、高风险的宝贵资产上变得更加前瞻和高效。为了能够提前计划,AWWU意识到需要对最关键的线性资产有基础性了解,这是通过一个建立在风险基础上的SCREAM模型来模拟实现的。通过资产管理项目,AWWU利用存在于拦截器上有限的数据,根据危害的可能性和后果进行风险分类,这包括135000英尺的大直径重力下水道,虹吸管和主管道。这个工程类似于用一个独特而合理的TAP（分层和自适应计划）策略,这是以一种非常具有挑战性的方式来实现特定功能的技术（包括变焦相机,远程闭路电视,声呐,2D激光和3D成像技术）。这对安克雷奇来说是一项巨大的挑战,因为每件事都与极端的天气条件有关。值得注意的是,所有的评估都限制在2011—2012年间短短的四个月内。这项任务的完成依赖于AWWU和西图公司的工程人员的密切协调。工作包括在极端寒冷的条件下消除大范围的积雪,在极端的高达34英尺的潮汐变化条件下执行计划,评估检查要求能够在野外24小时全面进行（两班倒,每班12小时）。     

金是通过什么方式搬运与沉淀的

数十年来,金在不同的地质作用过程中的迁移与沉淀机理一直是许多矿床地质学家和地球化学家们争论的焦点。根据最近的地质与地球化学研究,对如下几个问题进行了探讨:(1)什么样的含水络合物最有利于金的迁移与搬运;(2)为什么金富集在脉型矿床中;(3)在什么样的物理-化学条件下,金的含水络合物可以得到充分溶解;(4)为什么绝大多数金矿床的形成范围集中在340℃~400℃.在热液成矿流体中,金可能是以AuHS(H₂S)₃⁰形式进行迁移,温度的降低会使溶液中90%的金沉淀,这能够解释这些含金石英脉为什么形成在一个很窄的温度范围内.     

Changshanian Maximum Flooding Event in China and Its Global Correlation

Various orders of condensed sections are recognized in the Cambrian of North China Carbonate Platform. Study of comparative sedimentology proves that CS4-CS5 in the Changshanian age is the maximum sea flooding sediments in the Cambrian, regardless of the distribution, thickness, internal structure of the condensed section series and K2O abundance. It is a two-layered composite condensed section series, characterized by the enrichment of such elements as K, P, Mn, Ti, Co, V, Cr, Cu, Zr, Ni, Li, Th, La, Ce, Nd, Dy, Y, Sc and Be. The Changshanian maximum flooding event can be correlated on a global scale, and the corresponding sedimentary records are discovered in 26 intercontinental sections in N. Europe, N. America, and Tarim and the Yangtze Platform of China. Through detailed sedimentological research, meter-scale cycle analysis and Fischer plots, it is concluded that the Changshanian maximum flooding was a composite effect of the second-order eustacy superimposed by the third-and fourth-order eustacy,     

测震学（二）

5．1甚宽带地震测量的概念 地震和其他振动源辐射信号的频率和振幅的范围很大。用对数来表示，地震信号的频带要比声音的频带宽得多。在某一时刻，能够看到的仅仅是有限频率范围内的信号。因此，任何地震仪的记录，不论是纸记录还是胶片记录，就像滤波器一样，抑制了大多数存在的信息。为了合理选择信号，     

Are metal-induced hypersensitivities in harbor seals associated with liver function?

Environmental exposure to metals is believed to affect marine mammal health adversely including immunosuppression or acute as well as chronic inflammatory processes leading to hypersensitivities or autoimmune diseases. Metal-specific hypersensitivities were found in several pinnipeds of the North Sea. However, hypersensitivity is a complex phenomenon whose characteristics are still not completely understood; in particular, effects on health are not well established. In the present study, we compared basic hematological and biochemical parameters of seals with and without metal-specific hypersensitivities. We found altered hematological parameters and liver enzyme patterns in seals with a metal-induced hypersensitivity, including a reduction in macrophages, an increase in lymphocytes, and elevated levels of lactate dehydrogenase. These findings support the suggestion of a chronic influence of metal pollutants on the health of marine mammals of the North Sea.     

平流层中之氦容量

平流层中所以缺乏有系统之温度坡度者,吾人常以该层空气缺少大量之混合所致。对流层中,风之流动,可使大气之成分,保住常态,及过对流层与平流层之界面,则风速骤减;越界面而上,空气之混合停止,其成分遂因高度而生变异。英格兰之上空,平流层与对流层之界面,在十一公里与十二公里间。至於平流层中空气在何处始停止大量之混合,吾人不得而知。Chapman及Milne以为空气停     

2010年M_W8.8智利地震:多段触发及含频率的破裂特点

2010年2月27日智利MW8.8地震的多频率反投影结果揭示出此次地震是由具有不同滑动特征的子事件组成的。震中以南的子事件以低频(0.05～0.1Hz)释放能量,意味着滑动缓慢,且破裂速度约为0.8km/s。震中以北的2个子事件则显示出以高频(1～5Hz)释放能量的特征。其中第一个子事件似乎触发了北边第2段的滑动,并且释放了较高振幅的能量,传播速度也快,约为2.9km/s。除了这些破裂的细节之外,还观测到如下现象:在破裂前沿,高频能量释放之后紧接着产生了低频能量释放。这一发现表明:大震对应的破裂过程蕴含着断层的动态弱化,因此,它们的破裂特性并非简单地与小地震的特性相关。这些明显的滑动特点表明:有必要对宽频域各种数据进行研究,以便全面评估巨大地震的破裂过程及相关灾害。     

A survey of trace element distribution in tissues of stone crabs (Menippe mercenaria) from South Carolina coastal waters

The stone crab (Menippe mercenaria) is an important component of the estuarine food web as both predator and prey. Stone crabs live in sediment, primarily consume oysters, and as a result, have the potential to accumulate significant quantities of pollutants including metals. In South Carolina, the stone crab is becoming a targeted fishery as an ecologically sustainable seafood choice. To date, no studies have reported metals in stone crab tissues. This study examined the distribution of major and minor trace elements in chelae and body muscle, gill, and hepatopancreas. Crabs were collected from three tidal areas within Charleston County, South Carolina, with differing upland use. Results were compared by collection location and by tissue type. Concentrations of some metals associated with anthropogenic activities were up to three times higher in crabs from sites adjacent to more urbanized areas. Concentrations in edible tissues were below historical FDA levels of concern.