内蒙古科右中旗两类基性岩的年代学、地球化学及其构造意义

兴蒙造山带东段晚古生代构造演化存在争议,基性岩浆作用是构造演化过程中的良好地质记录. 对贺根山缝合带东段内蒙古科右中旗构造混杂岩带内的杜尔基基性岩和甲哈达基性岩进行了系统的地质特征、岩相学、年代学和地球化学研究. 杜尔基基性岩岩性为枕状玄武岩和辉绿岩,辉绿岩锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄为348.3±2.6 Ma,为低钾拉斑玄武系列,相对富集LILE,亏损Nb、Ta等高场强元素. 甲哈达基性岩岩性主要为玄武岩,锆石U-Pb年龄为317.6±3.0 Ma,为钙碱性系列,同样具有HFSE亏损和LILE富集的特点,与杜尔基基性岩相比更加富集LILE和LREE. 结合贺根山缝合带早石炭世蛇绿岩及洋内俯冲作用的研究成果,认为从杜尔基基性岩到甲哈达基性岩的演化,可能指示了古亚洲洋东段早-晚石炭世洋内俯冲的渐进过程,洋内弧从不成熟向逐渐成熟演化.      

Data Mining for Landslide Genetic Mechanism Analysis in the Yunnan Province of China

Landslide susceptibility analysis based on the strong ability of data mining of Geographic Information System (GIS) has become a hot topic in international landslide research. This paper used optimized decision tree and GIS databases to analyze the sensitivity in the northwest mountain areas of Yunnan province of China, and then discussed the formation mechanism of the landslide happened in the area. The translational landslide located in the area with an average gradient less than or equal to 28.7° was reclassified as a higher level 3 sensitive area than before according to the normalized different fault index (NDFI). The results showed that the data mining based on GIS 3D space–time information database can help to find the unique topography, geology hydrology and the other typical spatial information of some special typed of landslides such as translational landslides, thus it can illustrate the relationship between the landslides and their sensitivity factors. The improved landslide susceptibility analysis will provide a new method for identifying the genetic mechanism of landslide, and play an important role in the government regional planning and disaster prevention measures.

     

江西武功山中生代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年龄、Hf同位素特征及其地质意义

江西省武功山地区主要发育早古生代和中生代两期花岗岩,后者主要为二云二长花岗岩和黑云母二长花岗岩等,分布于三江村、明月山及和平村等地区, 为了研究其形成时代、岩石成因、源区特征和构造环境,分别选取三江地区和和平地区的细中粒斑状黑云母二长花岗岩及细粒斑状二云二长花岗岩进行岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、锆石U-Pb同位素测年和锆石Lu—Hf同位素研究。花岗岩SiO2含量为72.96%~74.16%,Na2O+K2O含量为6.68%~8.42%,MgO含量为029%~0.70%,铝饱和指数A/CNK为1.11~1.36,为强过铝质高钾钙碱性花岗岩。ΣREE较低,稀土配分曲线呈右倾型,具强烈δEu负异常,为S型花岗岩。花岗岩锆石n（206Pb）/n（238U）年龄加权平均值为152.41±0.89 Ma和149.31±0.71 Ma,为晚侏罗世岩浆活动的产物。花岗岩 fLu/Hf值均小于-0.9,εHf（t）均为负值,岩浆来源于演化的元古宙陆壳物质。地质演化背景结合样品构造判别图解,综合分析认为武功山中生代花岗岩形成于陆内俯冲环境。     

砂质碎屑储层钙质夹层形成机理及其主控因素分析

砂岩储层中局部钙的富集是影响储层物性的重要因素之一,因此揭示钙形成的主控因素及形成机理,对油田后期的高效开发无疑具有重要意义。在砂质碎屑岩中,钙的富集一般以"钙尖"的形式产出,有顶底钙形式、也有团块状等等。本文通过物理化学分析手段,剖析钙离子的来源,钙离子富集条件及钙质沉淀机理及其主控因素。研究结果表明,钙离子主要在同生、表生与深埋成岩作用期析出,各类酸性水是其催化条件。在同生与表生作用期,在湖(海)平面下降,河道变迁等条件下,通过蒸发作用,化学反应平衡左移,形成含钙化合物沉淀。利用苏里格气田东区目的层丰富的地下水地球化学组成分析资料,经综分析表明,目的层钙质夹层形成地质条件复杂,为深埋成岩、同生与表生混合作用下的产物,其中深埋成岩作是其主要形成时期,而其余少量钙质夹层则是在同生或表生期形成,并进一步明确了深埋成岩作用是苏里格气田东区钙质夹层富集的主控因素。     

黔东南地区新元古代下江群的地层年代及其地质意义

黔东南地区下江群是分布在江南造山带西段的一套前寒武纪浅变质陆源碎屑岩夹火山碎屑岩组合, 其地层时代归属与划分特别是区域地层对比一直未能得到很好解决.在对该区前寒武纪地层广泛而详细的剖面测制和地质调查基础上, 运用LA-ICP-MS技术, 对地层中沉凝灰岩、含凝灰质碎屑岩和碎屑岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学测试, 获得一批高精度的年龄.四堡群河村组顶部的碎屑岩和下江群乌叶组第1段顶部的含凝灰质碎屑岩、清水江组底部与中部的沉凝灰岩、平略组中上部的含凝灰质碎屑岩、隆里组中下部的碎屑岩等样品中锆石U-Pb最小年龄组的加权平均年龄分别为819.8±6.4Ma和779.5±4.7Ma、764.0±6.3Ma与(756.8±7.6Ma、756.0±13.0Ma)、733.9±8.8Ma及725.0±10.0Ma.这些数据将四堡群和下江群的时代限制为新元古代.结合研究区隆里组与长安组整合接触关系和全球低纬度南华系冰期起始年龄(717.4Ma)的地质事实, 将下江群沉积时限约束在815~717Ma之间.根据区域岩浆事件进一步约束了下江群各组段的地层时限, 并开展江南造山带下江群及其相当层位的地层划分与对比, 认为新元古代岩浆作用制约着黔东南下江群盆地的演化.      

An Analytical Solution for Mechanical Responses Induced by Temperature and Air Pressure in a Lined Rock Cavern for Underground Compressed Air Energy Storage

Mechanical responses induced by temperature and air pressure significantly affect the stability and durability of underground compressed air energy storage (CAES) in a lined rock cavern. An analytical solution for evaluating such responses is, thus, proposed in this paper. The lined cavern of interest consists of three layers, namely, a sealing layer, a concrete lining and the host rock. Governing equations for cavern temperature and air pressure, which involve heat transfer between the air and surrounding layers, are established first. Then, Laplace transform and superposition principle are applied to obtain the temperature around the lined cavern and the air pressure during the operational period. Afterwards, a thermo-elastic axisymmetrical model is used to analytically determine the stress and displacement variations induced by temperature and air pressure. The developments of temperature, displacement and stress during a typical operational cycle are discussed on the basis of the proposed approach. The approach is subsequently verified with a coupled compressed air and thermo-mechanical numerical simulation and by a previous study on temperature. Finally, the influence of temperature on total stress and displacement and the impact of the heat transfer coefficient are discussed. This paper shows that the temperature sharply fluctuates only on the sealing layer and the concrete lining. The resulting tensile hoop stresses on the sealing layer and concrete lining are considerably large in comparison with the initial air pressure. Moreover, temperature has a non-negligible effect on the lined cavern for underground compressed air storage. Meanwhile, temperature has a greater effect on hoop and longitudinal stress than on radial stress and displacement. In addition, the heat transfer coefficient affects the cavern stress to a higher degree than the displacement.     

新疆苇湖梁煤矿塌陷区遥感监测研究

苇湖梁煤矿已有50多年的开采历史, 长期的地下开采造成了严重的地面塌陷。本文将新疆苇湖梁煤矿塌陷区作为研究区, 以2013年的IKONOS高分遥感影像为主要数据源, 以ArcGIS为支撑平台, 采用人机交互的解译方法对塌陷区的相关信息进行提取, 结合实地调查验证的方法, 分析研究区内地质灾害的特征。通过遥感调查发现: 研究区内发育规模较大、位于塌陷区周围的拉伸区的地裂缝约有64条;塌陷坑(群)约有94个, 主要分布于南北塌陷槽及两侧;塌陷回填区总面积达0.92 km², 并在回填区发现了3个新塌陷坑。本文充分发挥了遥感技术宏观性强、速度快的特点, 调查结果反映了塌陷区灾害的实际情况。     

西藏北冈底斯扎独顶A型花岗岩锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及其地质意义

西藏北冈底斯早白垩世花岗岩分布广泛;扎独顶岩体作为其中的一个典型代表,其分布广泛,呈岩基型式产出,在岩性上属二长花岗岩。在岩石化学上扎独顶岩体具有富Si O2(70.05%~74.97%)和K2O(4.09%~5.35%),贫Ca O(0.93%~2.19%)、Ti O2(0.22%~0.52%)和Al2O3(12.81%~14.24%)的特征;属于准铝质-弱过铝质(A/CNK=0.99~1.0)高钾钙碱性系列。岩体稀土元素总量偏高(∑REE=199.36×10-6~247.91×10-6),相对富集轻稀土元素(LREE/HREE=5.82~6.88),Eu负异常明显(δEu=0.30~0.45),球粒陨石标准化分布模式呈向右缓倾的V型。微量元素显示其富集Rb、Th、K、Zr和Hf,亏损Nb、Ta、Sr、Ba、P和Ti,(Zr+Nb+Ce+Y)平均值为427.63。全岩锆石饱和温度(828~838°C)表明岩浆形成温度高。上述岩石地球化学特征表明扎独顶岩体为A型花岗岩。扎独顶岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(103.8±1.0)Ma,表明其形成于早白垩世晚期;在构造判别图解上位于碰撞后的A2型花岗岩区,是在碰撞后岩石圈伸展背景下,由于软流圈物质上涌导致岩石圈地幔与壳源熔体部分熔融并经历过一定程度的混合作用而形成的。