新疆小拐地区二叠系佳木河组裂缝分布规律探讨

通过对新疆小拐地区二叠系佳木河组,17口井的岩心观测、测井解释裂缝以及其中14口井200余个薄片鉴定分析,结合区域构造演化分析,认为该区裂缝主要为区域性的构造缝,为多次地质作用叠加改造的结果,裂缝倾角主要以≥75°的直立缝为主,所占比例超过75％,总体特征表现为裂缝延伸较长(大于20 cm),裂缝宽度主要集中在0.1mm～1 mm之间,所占比例达60％以上,裂缝密度多数在0.6条/米～0.8条/米,未充填裂缝所占比例为90.5％,占绝对优势;工区裂缝主要受岩性和层厚的控制,裂缝主要发育在细砾岩、砂砾岩和薄层含砾砂岩中,根据研究区的实际情况,综合利用地质认识、古构造应力反演、相干数据体处理对裂缝分布规律进行再认识,预测裂缝发育带.最终对这3种方法进行权重分析及裂缝的综合评价表明:裂缝主要发育在G102-G5-G105、CP3-G103、G9井区、G13及G3井、C502-C67-C501及其南部,总体上呈片状或扇形展布.     

铁厂—石缸河锡钨矿带成矿模式及找矿潜力

矿床(点)定位于岩浆岩内外接触带及断裂构造较为发育的背斜核部。成矿带内有漕涧—志本山—瓦古等北北西向钨、锡、铅、锌、铜化探异常带,多与现有的钨锡矿床(点)对应良好;对形成构造控制高温热液矿床具有有利条件。     

Causes of landslide recurrence in a loess platform with respect to hydrological processes

Irrigation-induced landslide is a recurring problem in the Heifangtai loess platform of northwest China. The landslide sites are characterized by a concave topography. Numerical modeling indicates that the groundwater table at the past-landslide site rises more quickly than the other natural platform borders under irrigation conditions. This is consistent with the field observations that seepage of the groundwater appeared in the hollow is higher than that of lateral slopes. In order to investigate the response of soil behavior due to rise in groundwater table, stress-path tests were performed on undisturbed specimens. It has been observed that the increase in pore water pressure in loess can trigger soil liquefaction and eventually results in landslide. Hence, the concave past-landslide site is much more prone to landsliding, which contributed to the landslide recurrence.     

Stable isotope geochemistry of dissolved chloride in relation to hydrogeology of the strongly exploited Quaternary aquifers,North China Plain

Deep Quaternary groundwater is the main source for industrial, domestic, and agricultural water supply in the North China Plain (NCP). There is currently a regional decline of groundwater levels, deterioration of water quality and environmental geological problems induced by increasing exploitation of the NCP Quaternary aquifer system. To trace sources and transport processes of dissolved Cl⁻ in a regional aquifer system and to reveal hydrogeological characteristics of Quaternary complexes, δ³⁷Cl, δ¹⁸O and δD, and chemical compositions (including F⁻, Cl⁻, Br⁻) of the deep groundwater sampled from the northern flow system of the NCP were measured along the west–east groundwater flow paths. The measured δ³⁷Cl values decreased from 0.39‰ to −2.22‰ (SMOC) along the groundwater flow direction, with increasing Cl⁻ concentrations. Marine aerosol input via rainfall is the main source of Cl⁻ in the deep groundwater near the recharge areas, and subsequent evaporation/evapotranspiration appears to be responsible for Cl⁻ accumulation. Mixing of recharge water with water of high-Cl⁻ and low-δ³⁷Cl accounts for the pattern of δ³⁷Cl and Cl⁻ concentration observed in Aquifer-3 along the west–east transect. The water with high-Cl and low-δ³⁷Cl is likely from pore water released from compacted clays induced by over-exploitation of deep groundwater, suggesting that clay is a dominant subsurface source of Cl⁻ for groundwater where a regional depression cone is present in the Quaternary aquifers. The groundwater of Aquifer-4 in the Huang-Hua depression is potentially mixed with an upward flux of Cl⁻ from the Neogene aquifer through subvertical faults. Diffusion and ion filtration are two mechanisms invoked to explain the highly negative δ³⁷Cl data for groundwater of Aquifer-4 in the Yanshan–Haixing areas, which provides new insight into solute migration and the hydraulic relationship in the strongly exploited groundwater system. This study using the conservative solute Cl⁻ provides additional important information for further investigations of the geochemistry of a wide range of reactive solutes in the Quaternary aquifer system, so guiding water resource management.     

高分辨率遥感影像在新疆塔什库尔干地区沉积变质型铁矿勘查中的应用

采用Worldview-2、Quickbird高辨率分数据及Aster数据,开展了新疆塔什库尔干地区的沉积变质型铁矿遥感综合研究工作。在对研究区开展高分辨率遥感影像特征、遥感异常等成矿信息综合分析的基础上,以老并一赞坎铁矿区为例,建立了区域沉积变质型铁矿的遥感找矿模型,并利用该模型选择塔萨拉地区作为成矿有利地段进行了深入细致的研究,圈定了塔萨拉地区矿化蚀变带的分布范围。研究成果表明在布伦阔勒岩群南部的塔萨拉地区具有较好的寻找沉积变质型铁矿的前景。     

西昆仑山前东段新生代褶皱冲断带及其锥形楔机制

西昆仑山前东段的和田-柯克亚构造带与塔里木盆地内的麻扎塔格构造带相距为200 km,两者近似平行,遥相对应,麻扎塔格构造带是和田-柯克亚构造带的前沿,山前挤压变形量沿古近系阿尔塔什组膏泥岩向北传递约200 km到麻扎塔格,形成往北东逆冲的断层传播褶皱,在盆地腹部表现为一条显著的北西向地形隆起。因此,整个西昆仑山前东段新生代褶皱冲断带宽约为270 km,长约为220 km,由和田-柯克亚构造带、麦盖提斜坡和麻扎塔格构造带组成。中部近200 km的麦盖提斜坡内没有明显构造变形,且整个褶皱冲断带的锥形楔角度远小于活动造山带的临界锥形角,说明古近系底部阿尔塔什组膏泥岩以及新生代沉积体的形态是这个褶皱冲断带锥形楔形成的主控原因,膏泥岩控制了锥形楔的顶面坡度α基底构造形态及上覆沉积楔形体则控制了锥形楔的底部滑脱层倾角β。     

Analysis of urbanisation-induced land subsidence in Shanghai

Since 1980, land subsidence has accelerated and groundwater levels have decreased in the centre of Shanghai, although the net withdrawn volume of groundwater has not increased. Theoretical analysis of the monitored data shows that the decrease in the groundwater level is the primary reason for the observed land subsidence. Meanwhile, the net withdrawn volume of groundwater in the urban centre of Shanghai has not increased during this period. Many underground structures have been constructed in the multi-aquifer-aquitard system of Shanghai since 1980. This paper discusses the factors related to the development of land subsidence during the process of urbanisation in Shanghai during the past 30?years. These factors include additional load during and after structure construction, the cut-off and/or partial cut-off effect of underground structures in aquifers, the decrease in the groundwater level due to leakage of underground structures and the reduction in recharge of groundwater from the surroundings.     

四川盆地基底断裂对长兴组生物礁的控制作用研究

四川盆地长兴组生物礁油气藏是国内外该类型油气藏的一个典型代表。在前人主要针对川东北地区提出台地边缘是生物礁发育有利部位的基础上,从盆地更广的尺度,结合国内外已有实例,着重从基底断裂角度,分析了其对生物礁发育的影响与控制作用。结果表明,盆地内长兴组发育有大量NE和NW向深大断裂,地层、岩相和构造证据均反映这些断裂在晚二叠世处于正断活动期,并形成了台—槽相间和台内棋盘格状堑垒构造格局。基底正断活动通过对古地理的影响来实现对生物礁的控制,生物礁受张性正断层上升盘"断隆"控制,分布于基底断裂古上升盘断阶处,如环海槽的台地边缘和台地内部断垒周缘。因此,除已获得重大突破的"环海槽礁滩气藏富气带"外,在台地内部靠基底断裂带附近,礁滩也可能发育,可作为今后油气勘探重点考虑的对象。这一研究新认识有助于拓展区域油气勘探思路,并为生物礁型油气成藏理论研究提供新的参考信息。     

大区域地下水模拟的预优并行GMRES(m)算法研究

大区域研究区由于涉及范围大、水文地质参数复杂多变,一直是进行地下水数值模拟的热点和难点。针对大区域地下水模拟的特点,在MPI环境中对Krylov子空间GMRES(m)算法的并行性进行分析,提出基于区域分解法的并行实现策略,并对不同的预条件子的加速效果进行比较。数值实验结果表明:并行GMRES(m)算法在求解大区域三维地下水模型时可以显著的加快求解速度,且具有较好的可扩展性。另外,Jacobi预条件子与GMRES算法的组合具有更优的加速比和执行效率,是一种求解大型化、复杂化地下水水流问题的可行方案。     

Control Factors and Diversities of Phase State of Oil and Gas Pools in the Kuqa Petroleum System

Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories: oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.