Research and Practice on the Crustal Deformation Mobile Monitoring Network Layout in the Hydropower Station Reservoir Area

According to the construction project of the crustal deformation mobile monitoring network in the cascade hydropower stations built in the lower reaches of Jinsha River,this paper analyzes the design ideas and layout principles of crustal deformation mobile monitoring used in the monitoring of reservoir induced earthquakes. This paper introduces three types of monitoring networks used in the Xiluodu reservoir and Xiangjiaba reservoir, as well as the work already undertaken,in order to provide a kind of reference for the related engineering construction and comprehensive monitoring of reservoir induced earthquakes.     

山西地震台网“九五”与“十五”期间地震定位方法对比分析

选取山西地震台网2007年1月至2008年6月产出的数据,运用“十五”和“九五”两种定位系统的的定位软件进行处理,对比定位参数之间的差异。初步认为,山西台网“十五”期间的定位结果是可信的,与“九五”的定位结果差异不大。JOPENS系统的单纯型法是比较优的定位方法,适用于网内、网缘和网外的近震;HYP2000法适用于网内近震。     

前兆数据库备份软件开发与应用

根据实际工作中前兆数据库的备份,研究了数字化地震前兆数据库的自动备份方法,解决了日常数据库备份过程中影响数据访问、占用大量备份时间、容易出现备份失败等问题。主要介绍了前兆数据库自动冷备份软件功能设计和实现、开发流程、运行环境。该软件提高了数据库备份效率,方便数据库迁移,工作中该软件运行稳定,保证了备份数据的完整性和一致性。     

Assessment of extreme drought and human interference on baseflow of the Yangtze River

Attention has been given to baseflow in large rivers, but up to now, no study on baseflow for the Yangtze River in combination with extreme drought and extensive human activities has been carried out. Discharge data in 2000–2005 and in the extreme drought years, 1978 and 2006, at stations along the main stream, lakes and distributaries of the Yangtze River were collected to analyse the features of baseflow in 2006 by using baseflow separation technique, HYSEP. It can be seen that the baseflow relative to the streamflow in 2006 was greater than those in other years. The variation of baseflow discharge in the Upper Yangtze River Stream (UYRS) was larger than that in the Mid‐Lower Yangtze River Stream (MLYRS). Human activities in MLYRS are more intensive than that in the UYRS and the baseflow discharge was greater. The baseflow is influenced by the extreme climate and human activities along the Yangtze River with the former being the dominant factor in 2006. The contribution of human interference to baseflow discharge was about 10% in 2006. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

用ETAS模型分析自贡矿井注水触发地震

为研究自贡地区矿井注水与地震活动性之间的关系,按地震活动规律将注水区ML1.2以上历史地震活动划分为3个阶段,采用POWELL法反演了各阶段ETAS模型参数。结果表明,不存在注水的第1、2阶段背景地震比例约40%～50%,单个地震序列中余震较少。而在注水的第3阶段,由地震自激产生的余震比例较高(93.1%),而背景地震仅占6.9%,比第1、2阶段都要少,这一结果与已有的认识相矛盾。为此,提出单位时间背景地震的发生率,即ETAS模型参数中的μ值,作为判断注水触发地震的依据。计算结果表明,与前两个阶段相比,第3阶段的确拥有最大的μ值,说明注水对该区地震触发有明显影响。     

Response of upper ocean currents to typhoons at two ADCP moorings west of the Luzon Strait

We deployed two ADCP mooring systems west of the Luzon Strait in August 2008, and measured the upper ocean currents at high frequency. Two typhoons passed over the moorings during approximately one-month observation period. Using ADCP observations, satellite wind and heat flux measurements, and high-resolution model assimilation products, we studied the response of the upper ocean to typhoons. The first typhoon, Nuri, passed over one of the moorings, resulting in strong Ekman divergence and significant surface cooling. The cooling of surface water lagged the typhoon wind forcing about one day and lasted about five days. The second typhoon, Sinlaku, moved northward east of the Luzon Strait, and did not directly impact currents near the observation regions. Sinlaku increased anomalous surface water transport exchange across the Luzon Strait, which modulated the surface layer current of the Kuroshio.     

Pathways of mesoscale variability in the South China Sea

The propagation of oceanic mesoscale signals in the South China Sea (SCS) is mapped from satellite altimetric observations and an eddy-resolving global ocean model by using the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) method. Significant mesoscale signals propagate along two major bands of high variability. The northern band is located west of the Luzon Strait, characterized by southwestward eddy propagation. Although eddies are the most active in winter, their southwestward migrations, steered by bathymetry, occur throughout the year. Advection by the mean flow plays a secondary role in modulating the propagating speed. The southern eddy band lies in the southwest part of the SCS deep basin and is oriented in an approximately meridional direction. Mesoscale variability propagates southward along the band in autumn. This southward eddy pathway could not be explained by mean flow advection and is likely related to eddy detachments from the western boundary current due to nonlinear effects. Our mapping of eddy propagation velocities provides important information for further understanding eddy dynamics in the SCS.     

山西省土地覆盖时空变化特征及其驱动因子分析

以遥感与GIS为技术支撑,对山西省20世纪80年代到2005年的土地覆盖进行了动态监测,并分析了土地覆盖的变化特征及其驱动因子;监测表明,山西省土地覆盖时空变化特征:(1)变化数量:城镇建设用地和农村聚落面积增加显著,草地有所增加;旱地和水浇地减少明显,森林和河湖滩地略有减少。(2)变化速度:城镇建设用地增速迅猛,沼泽和农村聚落面积增速较快;河湖滩地减少速度最快,其次,是旱地和水浇地减少速度较快。(3)空间转换:以农田和聚落之间的转换为主,另外城镇建设用地的增加包括其扩展融入的农村聚落等;典型草地的增加主要来自旱地;灌丛减少主要是转变成典型草地,其次是转变成灌丛草地;河湖滩地减少主要是变为内陆水体,再是转变成水浇地。驱动力分析表明,区域自然因素相对稳定,对土地覆盖变化的影响较小,人口、经济、农业结构调整、政策和交通等是山西省土地覆盖变化的主要驱动力。山西省土地覆盖变化的总体特征与区域经济发展、产业布局及其工业化、城市化演变的特征基本一致。     

一种基于特征子空间的多用户盲分离算法

提出了一种基于特征子空间的多用户盲分离算法。算法首先估计出信号源的导向矢量,然后再利用ESB算法进行波束形成,解决了当存在多个用户时权值收敛于单一用户的问题,可以在不知道信号先验知识的情况下对来自不同方向上的独立信号进行有效的分离。算法不需要进行繁琐的Gram—Schmidt正交化处理,并且在盲分离信号的基础上还可以估计出信号的波达方向。计算机仿真结果表明,分离出来的信号与源信号的相关系数均大于0．99,证实了算法的有效性。     

黄土对含油废水的吸附作用研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了兰州地区黄土对含油废水中石油类污染物的吸附作用,并对温度、pH、土壤粒径、有机质含量和含盐量等影响吸附作用的因素进行了分析。实验结果表明:该类型黄土对可溶性石油饱和溶液的吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模式,其吸附能力随温度、pH的升高而降低;吸附量随土壤粒径的减小呈增大趋势;吸附量与土壤有机质含量、含盐量呈线性关系,随着有机质含量、含盐量的增高吸附量增大。