全文获取类型
收费全文 | 199篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 5篇 |
大气科学 | 23篇 |
地球物理 | 34篇 |
地质学 | 53篇 |
海洋学 | 28篇 |
天文学 | 37篇 |
自然地理 | 24篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 2篇 |
2020年 | 1篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 5篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 12篇 |
2012年 | 9篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 15篇 |
2009年 | 8篇 |
2008年 | 7篇 |
2007年 | 14篇 |
2006年 | 10篇 |
2005年 | 13篇 |
2004年 | 7篇 |
2003年 | 10篇 |
2002年 | 7篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 10篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有204条查询结果,搜索用时 328 毫秒
71.
The subject of measuring the performance of registries has been a topic of policy discussions in recent years at the regional level due to the recasting of the European Union (EU) port state control (PSC) directive which introduces incentives for flags which perform better. Since the current method used in the EU region entails some shortcomings, it has therefore been the subject of substantial scrutiny. Furthermore, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) developed a set of performance indicators which however lacks the ability to measure compliance as set out in one of its strategic directions towards fostering global compliance. This article develops a methodology to measure flag state performance which can be applied on the regional or global level and to other areas of legislative interest (e.g. recognized organizations, Document of Compliance Companies). The proposed methodology overcomes some of the shortcomings of the present method and presents a more refined, less biased approach of measuring performance. To demonstrate its usefulness, it is applied to a sample of 207,821 observations for a 3-year time frame and compared to the current method. 相似文献
72.
The dual isotopes of deep nitrate as a constraint on the cycle and budget of oceanic fixed nitrogen 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Daniel M. Sigman Peter J. DiFiore Mathis P. Hain Curtis Deutsch Yi Wang David M. Karl Angela N. Knapp Moritz F. Lehmann Silvio Pantoja 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(9):1419-1439
We compare the output of an 18-box geochemical model of the ocean with measurements to investigate the controls on both the mean values and variation of nitrate δ15N and δ18O in the ocean interior. The δ18O of nitrate is our focus because it has been explored less in previous work. Denitrification raises the δ15N and δ18O of mean ocean nitrate by equal amounts above their input values for N2 fixation (for δ15N) and nitrification (for δ18O), generating parallel gradients in the δ15N and δ18O of deep ocean nitrate. Partial nitrate assimilation in the photic zone also causes equivalent increases in the δ15N and δ18O of the residual nitrate that can be transported into the interior. However, the regeneration and nitrification of sinking N can be said to decouple the N and O isotopes of deep ocean nitrate, especially when the sinking N is produced in a low latitude region, where nitrate consumption is effectively complete. The δ15N of the regenerated nitrate is equivalent to that originally consumed, whereas the regeneration replaces nitrate previously elevated in δ18O due to denitrification or nitrate assimilation with nitrate having the δ18O of nitrification. This lowers the δ18O of mean ocean nitrate and weakens nitrate δ18O gradients in the interior relative to those in δ15N. This decoupling is characterized and quantified in the box model, and agreement with data shows its clear importance in the real ocean. At the same time, the model appears to generate overly strong gradients in both δ18O and δ15N within the ocean interior and a mean ocean nitrate δ18O that is higher than measured. This may be due to, in the model, too strong an impact of partial nitrate assimilation in the Southern Ocean on the δ15N and δ18O of preformed nitrate and/or too little cycling of intermediate-depth nitrate through the low latitude photic zone. 相似文献
73.
Peter Hoppe Doug MacDougall Günter W. Lugmair 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2007,42(7-8):1309-1320
Abstract— Aqueous activity on meteorite parent bodies is indicated by the presence of carbonates. High spatial resolution ion microprobe analyses of nine individual carbonate grains (four dolomites, five breunnerites) from the Orgueil meteorite reveal linear correlations between 53Cr excesses and Mn/Cr ratios in all grains, indicative of in situ decay of radioactive 53Mn (half‐life 3.7 million years). The well‐defined isochrons appear to have chronological significance. If this is the case, then 53Mn/55Mn ratios between 2.1 and 4.7 × 10?6 are inferred for the time of carbonate formation and absolute ages of between 4561 and 4565 Ma are calculated (systematic uncertainty of ±2 Ma). Dolomites tend to have formed slightly earlier than the breunnerites. Our data imply extensive aqueous activity on the Orgueil parent body over a period of several million years, starting ~3–4 Myr after formation of the solar system, that most likely was the result of impact heating and latent heat from the decay of radioactive 26Al and 60Fe. 相似文献
74.
Nikhil Padmanabhan David J. Schlegel Uro Seljak Alexey Makarov Neta A. Bahcall Michael R. Blanton Jonathan Brinkmann Daniel J. Eisenstein Douglas P. Finkbeiner James E. Gunn David W. Hogg eljko Ivezi Gillian R. Knapp Jon Loveday Robert H. Lupton Robert C. Nichol Donald P. Schneider Michael A. Strauss Max Tegmark Donald G. York 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,378(3):852-872
75.
Massimo Marengo eljko Ivezi Gillian R. Knapp 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,324(4):1117-1130
We analyse the differences in infrared circumstellar dust emission between oxygen-rich Mira and non-Mira stars, and find that they are statistically significant. In particular, we find that these stars segregate in the K–[12] versus [12]–[25] colour–colour diagram, and have distinct properties of the IRAS LRS spectra, including the peak position of the silicate emission feature. We show that the infrared emission from the majority of non-Mira stars cannot be explained within the context of standard steady-state outflow models.
The models can be altered to fit the data for non-Mira stars by postulating non-standard optical properties for silicate grains, or by assuming that the dust temperature at the inner envelope radius is significantly lower (300–400 K) than typical silicate grain condensation temperatures (800–1000 K) . We argue that the latter is more probable and provide detailed model fits to the IRAS LRS spectra for 342 stars. These fits imply that two-thirds of non-Mira stars and one-third of Mira stars do not have hot dust (>500 K) in their envelopes.
The absence of hot dust can be interpreted as a recent (∼100 yr) decrease in the mass-loss rate. The distribution of best-fitting model parameters agrees with this interpretation and strongly suggests that the mass loss resumes on similar time-scales. Such a possibility appears to be supported by a number of spatially resolved observations (e.g. recent Hubble Space Telescope images of the multiple shells in the Egg Nebula) and is consistent with new dynamical models for mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch. 相似文献
The models can be altered to fit the data for non-Mira stars by postulating non-standard optical properties for silicate grains, or by assuming that the dust temperature at the inner envelope radius is significantly lower (300–400 K) than typical silicate grain condensation temperatures (800–1000 K) . We argue that the latter is more probable and provide detailed model fits to the IRAS LRS spectra for 342 stars. These fits imply that two-thirds of non-Mira stars and one-third of Mira stars do not have hot dust (>500 K) in their envelopes.
The absence of hot dust can be interpreted as a recent (∼100 yr) decrease in the mass-loss rate. The distribution of best-fitting model parameters agrees with this interpretation and strongly suggests that the mass loss resumes on similar time-scales. Such a possibility appears to be supported by a number of spatially resolved observations (e.g. recent Hubble Space Telescope images of the multiple shells in the Egg Nebula) and is consistent with new dynamical models for mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch. 相似文献
76.
Andrés E. Piatti João F. C. SantosJr Juan J. Clariá Eduardo Bica Ata Sarajedini Doug Geisler 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,325(2):792-802
Colour–magnitude diagrams are presented for the first time for L32, L38, K28 (L43), K44 (L68) and L116, which are clusters projected on to the outer parts of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). The photometry was carried out in the Washington system C and T 1 filters, allowing the determination of ages by means of the magnitude difference between the red giant clump and the main-sequence turn-off, and metallicities from the red giant branch locus. The clusters have ages in the range 2–6 Gyr , and metallicities in the range −1.65<[Fe/H]<−1.10, increasing the sample of intermediate-age clusters in the SMC. L116, the outermost cluster projected on to the SMC, is a foreground cluster, and somewhat closer to us than the Large Magellanic Cloud. Our results, combined with those for other clusters in the literature, show epochs of sudden chemical enrichment in the age–metallicity plane, which favour a bursting star formation history as opposed to a continuous one for the SMC. 相似文献
77.
We present observations of several large two-ribbon flares observed with both the Transition Region and Coronal Explorer (TRACE) and the soft X-ray telescope on Yohkoh. The high spatial resolution TRACE observations show that solar flare plasma is generally not confined to a single loop or even a few isolated loops but to a multitude of fine coronal structures. These observations also suggest that the high-temperature flare plasma generally appears diffuse while the cooler ( less, similar2 MK) postflare plasma is looplike. We conjecture that the diffuse appearance of the high-temperature flare emission seen with TRACE is due to a combination of the emission measure structure of these flares and the instrumental temperature response and does not reflect fundamental differences in plasma morphology at the different temperatures. 相似文献
78.
The Discovery of a Second Field Methane Brown Dwarf from Sloan Digital Sky Survey Commissioning Data
Tsvetanov ZI Golimowski DA Zheng W Geballe TR Leggett SK Ford HC Davidsen AF Uomoto A Fan X Knapp GR Strauss MA Brinkmann J Lamb DQ Newberg HJ Rechenmacher R Schneider DP York DG Lupton RH Pier JR Annis J Csabai I Hindsley RB Ivesic Z Munn JA Thakar AR Waddell P 《The Astrophysical journal》2000,531(1):L61-L65
We report the discovery of a second field methane brown dwarf from the commissioning data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The object, SDSS J134646.45-003150.4 (hereafter SDSS 1346-00), was selected because of its very red color and stellar appearance. Its spectrum between 0.8 and 2.5 μm is dominated by strong absorption bands of H2O and CH4 and closely mimics those of Gliese 229B and SDSS 162414.37+002915.6 (hereafter SDSS 1624+00), two other known methane brown dwarfs. SDSS 1346-00 is approximately 1.5 mag fainter than Gliese 229B, suggesting that it lies about 11 pc from the Sun. The ratio of flux at 2.1 μm to that at 1.27 μm is larger for SDSS 1346-00 than for Gliese 229B and SDSS 1624+00, which suggests that SDSS 1346-00 has a slightly higher effective temperature than the others. Based on a search area of 130 deg2 and a detection limit of z*=19.8, we estimate a space density of 0.05 pc-3 for methane brown dwarfs with Teff approximately 1000 K in the 40 pc3 volume of our search. This estimate is based on small-sample statistics and should be treated with appropriate caution. 相似文献
79.
Seamless integration of spatial statistics and GIS: The S-PLUS for ArcView and the S+Grassland Links
Shuming Bao Luc Anselin Doug Martin Diana Stralberg 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2000,2(3):287-306
The extension of the functional capacity of geographic information systems (GIS) with tools for statistical analysis in general
and exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) in particular has been an increasingly active area of research in recent years.
In this paper, two operational implementations that combine the functionality of spatial data analysis software with a GIS
are considered more closely. They consist of linkages between the S-PLUS software for data analysis and two different GIS implementations, the ArcView desktop system, which is mostly vector-oriented, and the primarily raster-based Grassland open GIS environment. We emphasize conceptual and technical issues related to the software implementation of these approaches
and suggest future directions for linking spatial statistics and GIS.
Received: 14 January 1999 / Accepted: 11 May 1999 相似文献
80.