电测深法在金乡－单县寻找隐伏煤田中的应用及效果

本文以金乡－单县隐伏型石炭、二叠系煤田为例，论述和分析利用曲线类型来划分煤层的分布范围，利用电场特征来划分断裂构造，推断构造轮廓，在不易掌握各电性层电性参数的情况下，准确求出煤系底板的埋深，并通过与部分钻孔对比，分析电测深资料的有效性。     

Inversion of Vegetation Components Based on the Spectral Mixture Analysis Using Hyperion Data

Hyper spectral remote sensing is widely used to identify ground objects as a result of the advantages of ground radiation intensity characteristics and spectral position characteristics, in which inversion of vegetation components is the difficult point and hotspot. In this study, Huma county of Heilongjiang Province was selected as the study area, the canopy spectra of four types of typical vegetation were measured in situ firstly, including mongolian oak, cotton grass, lespedeza and white birch. Then, on the basis of analyzing the canopy spectral characteristics and their parameterization, the spectral differences of different vegetations were located, and the parameterization method of characteristics identification was determined. Finally, Hyperion data were used to calculate the canopy albedos based on the bidirectional reflectance model of vegetation canopies, and to map the vegetation components in the study area by use of linear spectral mixture model. The results showed that inversion of vegetation components in high vegetation-covered area was accurate using the canopy albedos and liner spectral mixture model, and was identical with the field sampling, which validated the feasibility of canopy albedos and liner spectral mixture model for the inversion of vegetation components.     

S-A多重分形法在地球化学异常 圈定中的对比应用—以甘肃文康地区为例

通过对甘肃省陇南文康地区的地质背景分析,采用区域1:5万水系沉积物测量的17种常量元素含量数据,分别运用传统统计学方法、S-A（能谱密度-累计面积）多重分形滤波法,确定成矿元素（以Au为例）异常下限值,圈定化探异常。结果表明,与传统方法相比,S-A多重分形法所圈定的异常面积小、数量多,传统统计法圈定的面积较大;两种方法圈定的异常展布方向基本一致,与研究区内已知的矿点吻合度高。本次研究认为S-A多重分形法所圈定的异常基本位于传统方法所圈定异常的内带之中,重点突出,与矿床空间位置对应关系较好,便于野外开展工作。同时在传统异常周边提取了部分低背景区的弱异常,这些弱异常可作为下一步找矿工作的新靶区。     

3D Anisotropic P- and S-Mode Wavefields Separation in 3D Elastic Reverse-Time Migration

Surveys in Geophysics - In 2D anisotropic media, non-stationary filters and low-rank approximation methods are classical strategies to compute the decomposition operators, but they suffer from...     

高应力区砂岩加卸载条件下能量变化规律及损伤分析

根据高应力区砂岩三轴压缩试验和峰前卸围压试验的结果,分析了砂岩在不同应力路径下的能量变化规律。试验结果表明,相同围压下,峰前卸围压试验的各能量指标(总吸收能、弹性应变能、耗散能)均小于三轴压缩试验,能量变化特征与其初始应力路径密切相关,且随围压的增大而增大。峰前储存的弹性应变能比耗散能多,耗散能只在临近峰值点处才迅速增加。能量的耗散会导致岩石产生损伤,并且使岩性劣化、丧失强度,从能量角度定义的损伤变量,可以得出结论:开始卸荷低围压下的损伤变量大于高围压下,临近破坏时高围压下的损伤变量大于低围压下;卸围压使岩样束缚减小,加速了损伤的发展,岩样所受的应力状态愈趋不平衡。因此,基于能量的角度来表征岩石的损伤演化更符合实际。     

新疆独山子泥火山沉积物及孔隙水的地球化学特征与流体来源

对陆地泥火山流体来源及其向地表渗漏过程中的改造作用开展研究,有利于加深理解泥火山释放甲烷的碳排放过程。新疆准噶尔盆地南缘独山子泥火山柱状沉积物和地表沉积物的矿物和元素组成,以及沉积物孔隙水离子组成等的分析结果显示,泥火山沉积物孔隙水Na+和Cl–间具有很好的正相关性,具有比海水高的Na+/Cl–和Li+/Cl–值、低的K+/Cl–和Mg2+/Cl–。泥火山沉积物与围岩相比,富集伊利石、绿泥石和方解石,缺少蒙脱石,富集Ca、亏损Si,这些变化主要与黏土矿物的脱水转变有关。表明泥火山流体主要来源于深部低盐度沉积物孔隙水,但经历了地表的蒸发作用,并混合了大气降水。     

山东石炭系和二叠系的界线

石炭、二叠系的界线,一直是个争议很大的问题。现在按照世界上多数国家地层古生物工作者的意见,二者应划在Pseudoschwagerina带之底部。我国华南的船山组或马平组,目前则把Pseudoscfiwagerina带之上的Robustoschwagerina或Staffella带归入早二叠世。上述两种划分意见,界线的上、下差着一个生物化石带。若按国际划分方案,我省的太原组势必一分为二,在北部划在一套细碎屑岩和含筵石灰岩之间,南部则在含(竹蜓)石灰岩地层内部,分属晚石炭世和早二叠世;若按我国华南的划法,太原组也有一部分     

中国地震网格试验系统中资源管理与作业调度研究-资源管理和作业动态分配模型ProRMJS的建立me

通过分析与研究建立资源管理和作业动态分配ProRMJS模型,解决了中国地震灾害仿真网格试验系统（CEDAGrid）中网格科学计算平台在初期建设中存在的一些资源管理方面的问题. 针对网格科学计算平台默认各个计算节点均能提供计算服务的问题,ProRMJS通过ldquo;计算池rdquo;这一虚拟组织为调度器分发作业提供支撑;而调度器则根据计算池中各个节点的计算能力和状态,动态分配任务,这样就保证了计算平台的稳定性. 针对默认各个计算节点均能完成任务的问题, ProRMJS通过监控各个节点所负担作业的运行进度和设定作业时间阈值来管理作业运行. 对于各个节点计算能力大小的区别, ProRMJS通过对各个节点计算性能的权值量化,实行按ldquo;需rdquo;分配作业. 对各个节点计算性能的权值量化, ProRMJS是通过综合考虑各个因素对机器计算能力大小的影响后通过加权计算的方式完成的,从而提高了整个计算平台的工作效率. 最后通过实现地震应力触发科学计算实例验证了方案的有效性,为网格技术在地震领域内的进一步应用作了有意义的探索.      

Acoustic experimental study of two types of rock from the Tibetan Plateau under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles

Under the condition of freeze-thaw cycles, two types of rocks (granite and andesite), used as slope protection for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, were tested according to the special climatic conditions in the Tibetan Plateau, and their various damage processes in appearance were carefully observed. Observation results show that damage of andesite was more serious than that of granite. Using an acoustic instrument, ultrasonic velocity was tested. The changing trends of velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles were analyzed, and the freeze-thaw cycle damaging the physical and mechanical properties of rocks can be seen. According to the changing trends of ultrasonic velocity with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, mechanical parameters of rocks, such as dynamic elasticity modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and dynamic bulk modulus were analyzed. It is found that they all have declining trends as the number of freeze-thaw cycles increases, and in particular, when the cycle number reaches a certain extent, the Poisson’s ratio of rocks begins to become negative.