城市景观公园对城市热岛调控效应分析——以哈尔滨市为例

采用哈尔滨市2007年9月30日Landsat TM数据,基于哈尔滨市地表温度反演结果,对城市公园对热岛效应的影响进行了分析。研究结果表明:哈尔滨市主城区热岛效应明显,高温区呈现集中分布,市区内的公园在高温区域内形成明显的热岛空洞;公园对周围区域降温作用明显,降温效应随距离增加呈递减趋势;在公园周围120 m范围内,不同面积的公园对周围环境温度影响存在明显差异,不同缓冲带的降温幅度存在极显著差异;公园面积和内部平均温度呈显著负相关,即公园面积越大,内部平均温度越低,反之亦然,二者存在显著的回归关系,因此可以通过设计不同面积公园,以实现城市高温区降温效应。研究表明一个大的景观公园的降温效应要强于总面积相等的多个小公园的降温效应。     

四川九寨沟地区泥盆—三叠系多重地层划分对比及沉积环境

位于青藏高原东缘四川盆地接壤处的四川九寨沟地区发育了总厚6000m以上的碳酸盐岩,通过1:5万区域地质调查和一系列专项调查,将该区内岩石地层划分为9个岩组。生物地层划分了3个珊瑚组合带,3个腕足组合带,1个腕足顶峰带,2个双壳顶峰带以及有孔虫组合带和顶峰带各1个。生态地层研究划分了两个生态群落。根据地球化学元素特征划分了11个地球化学段。研究了地层的常量元素和碳同位素特征。对碳酸盐岩进行了微相分析。综合各项沉积标志进行了沉积环境判别,其中岷河组沉积环境最为特殊,属于碳酸盐岩和陆源碎屑的混合沉积体系。     

南亚高压强度与邻近地区垂直速度的相互依赖关系

利用ERA-Interim 1979—2018年6—8月的再分析资料,通过相关分析、信息流、合成分析等方法研究了南亚高压强度与其邻近地区垂直速度的相互依赖关系.结果表明：南亚高压在上对流层-下平流层区域具有上冷下暖的热力结构,冷、暖中心分别在70 hPa和250 hPa,以这两层的温度异常建立的温差指数可以反映南亚高压的强度.在不同时间尺度上,南亚高压强度与其邻近地区垂直速度的相互依赖关系是不同的.在月时间尺度上,南亚高压强度通过动力作用影响邻近地区的垂直速度,南亚高压增强（减弱）时,其东部地区的上升运动和西部地区的下沉运动同步增强（减弱）;在日时间尺度上,南亚高压中部的垂直速度通过热力强迫影响南亚高压强度,南亚高压中部地区上升运动增强（减弱）时,南亚高压增强（减弱）且位置偏西（偏东）.     

Liquefaction macrophenomena in the great Wenchuan earthquake

On May 12, 2008 at 14:28, a catastrophic magnitude M 8.0 earthquake struck the Sichuan Province of China.The epicenter was located at Wenchuan (31.00°N, 103.40°E). Liquefaction macrophenomena and corresponding destruction was observed throughout a vast area of 500 km long and 200 km wide following the earthquake. This paper illustrates the geographic distribution of the liquefaction and the relationship between liquefaction behavior and seismic intensity, and summarizes the liquefaction macrophenomena, including sandboils and waterspouts, ground subsidence, ground fissures etc., and relevant liquefaction features. A brief summary of the structural damage caused by liquefaction is presented and discussed. Based on comparisons with liquefaction phenomena observed in the 1976 Tangshan and 1975 Haicheng earthquakes, preliminary analyses were performed, which revealed some new features of liquefaction behavior and associated issues arising from this event. The site investigation indicated that the spatial non-uniformity of liquefaction distribution was obvious and most of the liquefied sites were located in regions of seismic intensity Ⅷ. However, liquefaction phenomena at ten different sites in regions of seismic intensity Ⅵ were also observed for the first time in China mainland. Sandboils and waterspouts ranged from centimeters to tens of meters, with most between 1 m to 3 m. Dramatically high water/sand ejections,e.g., more than 10 m, were observed at four different sites. The sand ejections included silty sand, fine sand, medium sand,course sand and gravel, but the ejected sand amount was less than that in the 1976 Tangshan earthquake. Possible liquefaction of natural gravel soils was observed for the first time in China mainland.     

阿希金矿地质特征及成因初探

阿希金矿产于下石炭统大哈拉军山组,第五岩性段构成的古火山机构西南缘。矿体产出形态及空间分布,严格受近南北向弧形张扭性断裂控制。主矿体呈厚大似板状体,以南北两个富集中心向NE50°倾角侧伏。矿石以石英脉型为主,其次为蚀变岩型。围岩为英安岩和角砾熔岩。属中一低温火山期后热液型金矿床。     

Basaltic and Solution Reference Materials for Iron,Copper and Zinc Isotope Measurements

Iron, Cu and Zn stable isotope systems are applied in constraining a variety of geochemical and environmental processes. Secondary reference materials have been developed by the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS), in collaboration with other participating laboratories, comprising three solutions (CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn) and one basalt (CAGS‐Basalt). These materials exhibit sufficient homogeneity and stability for application in Fe, Cu and Zn isotopic ratio determinations. Reference values were determined by inter‐laboratory analytical comparisons involving up to eight participating laboratories employing MC‐ICP‐MS techniques, based on the unweighted means of submitted results. Isotopic compositions are reported in per mil notation, based on reference materials IRMM‐014 for Fe, NIST SRM 976 for Cu and IRMM‐3702 for Zn. Respective reference values of CAGS‐Fe, CAGS‐Cu and CAGS‐Zn solutions are as follows: δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.83 ± 0.07 and δ⁵⁷Fe = 1.20 ± 0.13, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.57 ± 0.06, and δ⁶⁶Zn = ?0.79 ± 0.12 and δ⁶⁸Zn = ?1.65 ± 0.24, respectively. Those of CAGS‐Basalt are δ⁵⁶Fe = 0.15 ± 0.07, δ⁵⁷Fe = 0.22 ± 0.10, δ⁶⁵Cu = 0.12 ± 0.08, δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.17 ± 0.13, and δ⁶⁸Zn = 0.34 ± 0.26 (2s).     

非饱和粉质粘土固结压缩特性及体变试验研究

为进一步研究与基质吸力相关联的非饱和土固结压缩特性,扩展非饱和土固结理论在工程实际中的适用性,通过分析非饱和粉质粘土水土特征曲线变化规律,对非饱和土固结变形机理进行研究。试验结果表明：非饱和土的最终沉降量仅与土骨架的压缩模量有关。对于不同饱和度的非饱和土而言,固结速度随初始饱和度的增加而减小,饱和土固结过程所需要的时间比非饱和土固结过程所需要的时间短。由于孔隙流体的压缩性导致高饱和土体的瞬时沉降比低饱和土体的瞬时沉降小,但高饱和土体的后期固结沉降受饱和度和吸力的影响,比低饱和土体要大得多。      

松南海坨子—大布苏地区泉四段— 姚家组层序地层研究

根据工区内现有的钻井、测井和地震资料,应用以多级次基准面旋回为参照面的高分辨层序地层学理论与研究方法,对松辽盆地南部海坨子—大布苏地区的泉四段—姚家组地层进行了详细的层序地层研究,共识别出5个长期基准面旋回（相当于三级层序）,9个中期基准面旋回（相当于四级层序）,建立了研究区的层序划分方案,在连井剖面的层序地层对比基础上,建立了该区的地层格架,并对层序构成特征进行了分析,研究了储集层在层序格架内的分布规律,揭示出浊积砂体和三角洲前缘相的分流河道形成于基准面上升期,三角洲前缘相的河口坝、远砂坝和席状砂沉积形成于基准面下降期,指出浊积砂体和三角洲前缘相的远砂坝、席状砂沉积是研究区形成岩性油气藏的有利储集体。     

平潭和漳州深成杂岩中斜长石捕虏晶与岩浆混合作用

在闽东南平潭和漳州火成杂岩中,广泛发育岩浆混合现象,表现为花岗质岩石中存在辉长－闪长质同深成岩墙和淬冷岩石包体。花岗质和闪长质岩石中普遍存在Ａｎ＞７０％的斜长石捕虏晶。这种成分的斜长石是辉长岩特有的,而不是任一种花岗岩的斑晶。在斜长石捕虏晶四周,都有与花岗岩中的斜长石成分相当的斜长石加生膜。斜长石捕虏晶可分为自形的、熔融状、筛孔状和碎片状等四类,它们各自形成于不同的动力环境     

钻孔灌注桩孔径扩大与塌孔的预防措施

为保证桩基础工质量，节省灌注砼费用，采取了一系列相应措施预防孔径扩大和塌孔。着重介绍了有关预防措施和技术经济效果。