尹赞勋先生对第四纪研究的开拓性贡献──兼论顾乡屯动物群及其时代

顾乡屯动物群是由１９３１年尹赞勋先生在哈尔滨顾乡屯发现１９种哺乳动物化石而得名,其后在东北、内蒙古一带多处发现,由于以被毛犀、猛犸象化石最为常见,一般也称为“披毛犀－猛犸象动物群”。到目前为止该动物群至少有６４种化石,分属１８科３７属。顾乡屯组代表东北地区晚更新世河－湖相沉积,与华北萨拉乌苏组有很好的对比性,属同期异地同相沉积。顾乡屯动物群化石层位仅限于顾乡屯组地表出露部分,年龄测定结果不超过６００００─７００００ａＢ．Ｐ．,表明顾乡屯动物群相当于萨拉乌苏上部动物群,时代为晚更新世晚期。顾乡屯动物群与顾乡屯组在时代上的不一致性,是东北地区第四纪研究中应引起重视的问题。对大同第四纪火山群及我国近期火山的分布,自３０年代由尹赞勋先生做了开创和倡导性研究以来,在岩石学、地球化学、树造环境和深部岩浆源及年代学等方面的研究都已取得长足的进展。     

阿尔金东段现代变形特征的SAR监测

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术(D-InSAR)可监测地球表面的微量形变,包括地震、火山活动、冰川漂移、地面沉降、活动断裂及山体滑坡等引起的地表位移,是近年来发展起来并得到日益重视的新方法,与其他监测方法(如GPS监测等)相比,用D-InSAR进行地面微位移监测具有全天时、全天候、精度高、覆盖范围大且空间连续的巨大优势。采用D-InSAR技术对阿尔金东段构造变形特征进行了研究,结果表明,阿尔金断裂带是青藏高原东北缘地壳变形的重要分界线。界线以北地区变形均匀,而且变形量较小;以南地区变形强烈且不均匀,变形强度的总体趋势为西高东低,中间受北祁连断裂带西段的影响,在断裂带中出现约为1.0cm的变形低值。另外,南区存在N65°W和近NW两个方向的线性强变形带,前者与阿尔金走滑断裂带次一级的压扭面方向一致,后者与北祁连断裂带西段的展布方向一致。     

Propagation and localization of wave in multi‐span Timoshenko beams on elastic foundations under moving harmonic loads

Wave propagation and localization in ordered and disordered multi‐span beams on elastic foundations due to moving harmonic loads are investigated by using the transfer matrix methodology. The transfer matrix, as a function of the frequency and velocity of the moving harmonic load, of the periodic beam is formulated in a coordinate system moving with the load. The expressions of critical velocities, cut‐off frequency of an associated uniform beam without discrete spaced supports, are determined through the analysis of the wavenumbers, and the dynamic responses of the beam are also examined. For the ordered and disordered case, the propagation constants and localization factors are respectively employed to identify the velocity and frequency pass bands and stop bands in order to examine whether the perturbation can propagate along the structure or not. The effects of the periodicity, disorder level, excitation frequency, and moving velocity are studied in detail. The validity of the obtained results is confirmed by evaluating the transverse deformation of the beams through the finite element simulations. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

自组织特征映射神经网络在厄尔尼诺事件检验中的应用

对厄尔尼诺事件多因素成因进行了分析。利用自组织特征映射（SOFM）神经网络方法对1973～1994年的全球7级以上地震次数、日食条件、海温距平数据建立了SOFM网络检验模型。对1995~2000年厄尔尼诺事件进行了检验,检验的准确率为83.3% 。     

北京市典型山洪流域暴雨洪水分析

依据北京市1980~2012年间降水摘录资料和洪水摘录资料,选择张家坟流域为典型山洪流域,分析不同量级洪水的雨量、洪量、峰现时间及洪水过程与暴雨之间的关系。分析方法和分析结果为山洪流域的洪水预报提供了一定的借鉴。     

Tectonic-mineralizing Fluids in the Kekesayi Gold Deposit,Qinghe, XinjiangEI北大核心CSCD

The Kekesayi gold deposit is located in the Buergen ductile shear zone in the southern margin of Altay, Qinghe County, Xinjiang. The deposit consists of altered mylonite type and gold-bearing quartz veins type ores. The main ore-bearing rocks are gray metamorphic tuffs of the Tuoranggekuduke Formation. The ores are mostly lenticular and vein, and are strictly controlled by shear bands. Through field investigation, sample collection and laboratory identification, the structural alteration characteristics are studied in detail. The microstructure of quartz is analyzed by SEM cathodoluminescence (SEM-CL). The fluid inclusions of the deposit were studied by means of micro-temperature measurement and laser Raman analysis, and the tectonic-fluid evolution characteristics were discussed. Our results showed that: (1) The gold mineralization is closely related to the structural alteration of the ductile shear zone. The mylonitization, subgrain deformation and fluid structure are developed in the mining area. The recrystallized texture, dissolution structure and multistage composite shear structure characteristics of SEM-CL show that the deformation and metamorphism are very strong. The tectonic-hydrothermal activity resulted in strong silicification and pyritization and closely related to gold mineralization. (2) The fluid inclusions of quartz veins in the mineralized rocks are distributed in groups and the morphology of the fluid inclusions are mostly oval and tadpole in shape. The primary fluid inclusions are distributed in disorder, and the secondary fluid inclusions distribute linearly along the fissures mostly elongated owing to the strong tectonic deformation. Fluid inclusions are not of uniform size, generally are 8-20 μm. The types of inclusions can be classified according to the petrography and micro temperature measurement: two phase aqueous solution type (LH2O-VH2O), carbon-rich type (LH2O-LH2O) and single phase aqueous solution type (LH2O). The evolution of the fluid is characterized by high temperature, low salinity and rich CO2 in the early stage. As the deformation of the shear zone increases in the middle and late stages, the fluid evolved into low temperature, low salinity rich H2O. (3) The Kekesayi gold deposit has the characteristics of orogenic gold deposit, and the evolutionary characteristics of tectonic-ore forming fluids are consistent with the evolution of shear zones. Structural alteration of shear zone is the main controlling factor of mineralization. And magmatic hydrothermal alteration may also play an important role in mineralization. © 2018, Science Press. All right reserved.     

Effects of intracellular structural associations on degradation of algal chloropigments in natural oxic and anoxic seawaters

To understand the effects of intracellular structural associations on degradation of algal chloropigments, we conducted a series of microcosm experiments by incubating Emiliania huxleyi cells (a marine haptophyte) in natural oxic and anoxic seawaters collected from a stratified water column in the Cariaco Basin. The incubated cell detritus were sequentially treated with two buffer solutions to separate pigment components into soluble and insoluble fractions. By using non-denaturing gel electrophoresis, several chlorophyll-complexes, free chlorophyll, and another unknown chlorophyll-containing component were further separated from the soluble fraction. The chlorophyll-complexes included those bound with high molecular weight core-proteins (CP-I and CP43+CP47) and low molecular weight polypeptides (LHC-I and LHC-II) in the cellular photosystems PS-I and PS-II. Overall pigment recovery from these fractions and gel bands was well equivalent to the total amount from direct acetone extraction of the cells. We followed the time-dependent concentration changes of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), phaeophorbide-a (Ppb-a), and phaeophytin-a (Ppt-a) in all fractions and complexes to estimate the degradation rate constants of chloropigments in natural oxic and anoxic seawaters. Our experimental results demonstrated that the intracellular structural associations had important influences on degradation of chloropigments under different redox conditions. In general, total Chl-a degraded faster (∼4X) in oxic seawater than in anoxic seawater. However, the rate differences between oxic and anoxic conditions varied among the fractions and complexes. Degradation rate constants of Chl-a in soluble fraction were much higher (>10X) than those in insoluble fraction under both oxic and anoxic conditions. Chl-a bound with the complexes in PS-II appeared to be more reactive (∼2X) than that in PS-I under oxic conditions but the difference in degradation rate constants between two photosystems became indistinguishable under anoxic conditions. Variations of Ppb-a in different fractions and complexes during incubation showed different patterns, implying that cellular Chl-a could degrade through two different pathways: (1) internal degradation into Ppb-a within insoluble pool and polypeptide complexes; and (2) release first from protein complexes and followed by external degradation.     

中国地带性森林和农田生态系统C-N-P化学计量统计特征

基于中国国家生态系统观测研究网络的7个森林和10个农田生态系统观测研究站的定位调查数据,本文对中国地带性森林和农田生态系统各个组分的碳（C）、氮（N）、磷（P）含量及其化学计量学特征进行了研究。结果表明：1）森林生态系统各组分的N和P含量大小排序均为叶>凋落物>枝>根>茎>土壤,植被的各器官和凋落物的C含量明显高于土壤C含量。森林生态系统不同组分的C：N和C：P的大小排序均为茎>根>枝>凋落物>叶>土壤;植被的各器官及凋落物的N：P也高于土壤。2）在农田生态系统中,作物各器官的C含量相近,而籽粒的N和P含量明显高于其他组分;各组分C：N、C：P和N：P的大小排序均表现为茎≈叶≈根>籽粒>土壤。3）森林生态系统植被的C：N：P为3582：27：1,土壤的C：N：P为111：8：1;农田生态系统植被的C：N：P为740：15：1,土壤的C：N：P为26：3：1。本研究以地带性生态系统为研究对象,探讨生态系统及其各组分的C-N-P化学计量特征,增加了对生态系统尺度元素化学计量特征的科学认识,为进一步认识中国区域生态系统元素化学计量关系的空间变异规律提供基础数据。     

概率法在缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量评估中的应用:以塔中隆起北斜坡下奥陶统岩溶油气藏为例

缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量计算是目前国际研究的难点。中国近年来发现了这类规模巨大的油气藏,储量计算始终是一个难题而未能有效解决。通过对塔里木油田目前缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量评估方法的梳理,结合缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏认识及缝洞型油气藏识别技术的进展,认为缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量评估的发展趋势是强调缝洞单元雕刻（解决非均质性、合理的指导开发井部署）和储量参数的随机性。在了解缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏识别技术进展基础上,吸收国内外油气储量评估经验,提出了塔里木油田缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏概率法储量评估方法。评估思路是发挥缝洞雕刻油气面积置信度高的优势,充分利用孔隙度、饱和度样本点容量大的特点,合理建立其概率分布。缝洞雕刻和概率法的有机结合可以合理地评估缝洞型油气藏的储量。目前,缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气藏储量评估对象、裂缝处理方法、概率法储量计算高置信度确定性参数取值方法、概率法储量计算随机变量参数分布规律及合理性等方面的研究已取得一定的经验和进展。     

A Study of Monitoring,Simulation and Climate Impact of Greenland Ice Sheet

Greenland Ice Sheet is one of the two largest ice sheets on the planet. Under the background of climate warming, the melting of the Greenland ice sheet and its contribution to sea level rise has become an international hot issue. The whole melting of the Greenland ice sheet can cause the global sea level to rise by about 7.3 meters. However, the dynamic mechanism that affects the mass balance of ice sheet is still unclear and is the greatest uncertainty source for predicting the rise in sea level in the future. The National Key Research and Development Program of China “A Study of the Monitoring, Simulation and Climate Impact of Greenland Ice Sheet” conducts monitoring and simulation studies on the key processes of instability of the “ice sheet-outlet glacier-sea ice” system, and establishes a satellite-airborne-ground integrated observation system, supporting the numerical simulation and impact research of the ice sheet and its surrounding sea ice, laying the foundation for long-term monitoring and international cooperation in Greenland. This program will work to reduce the uncertainty of sea level change projections by improving the ice sheet dynamic model forced by the ice core records, reveal the driving mechanism of sea ice changes around the ice sheet, focusing on the Northwest Passage, evaluate and forecast the navigation window period. The results of the project will deepen the understanding of the changes and impacts of the Arctic cryosphere, serve the safe navigation and operation of the Northwest Passage, and provide scientific support for the comprehensive risk prevention of coastal zones in China.