Variation in Metamorphic Style along the Northern Margin of the Damara Orogen, Namibia

The northern margin of the Inland Branch of the Pan-AfricanDamara Orogen in Namibia shows dramatic along-strike variationin metamorphic character during convergence between the Congoand Kalahari Cratons (M₃ metamorphic cycle). Low-P contact metamorphismwith anticlockwise P–T paths dominates in the westerndomains (Ugab Zone and western Northern Zone), and high-P Barrovianmetamorphism with a clockwise P–T path is documented fromthe easternmost domain (eastern Northern Zone). The sequenceof M₃ mineral growth in contact aureoles shows early growthof cordierite porphyroblasts that were pseudomorphed to biotite–chlorite–muscoviteat the same time as an andalusite–biotite–muscovitetransposed foliation was developed in the matrix. The peak-Tmetamorphic assemblages and fabrics were overprinted by crenulationsand retrograde chlorite–muscovite. The KFMASH P–Tpseudosection for metapelites in the Ugab Zone and western NorthernZone contact aureoles indicates tight anticlockwise P–Tloops through peak metamorphic conditions of 540–570°Cand 2·5–3·2 kbar. These semi-quantitativeP–T loops are consistent with average P–T calculationsusing THERMOCALC, which give a pooled mean of 556 ± 26°Cand 3·2 ± 0·6 kbar, indicating a high averagethermal gradient of 50°C/km. In contrast, the eastern NorthernZone experienced deep burial, high-P/moderate-T Barrovian M₃metamorphism with an average thermal gradient of 21°C/kmand peak metamorphic conditions of c. 635°C and 8·7kbar. The calculated P–T pseudosection and garnet compositionalisopleths in KFMASH, appropriate for the metapelite sample fromthis region, document a clockwise P–T path. Early plagioclase–kyanite–biotiteparageneses evolved by plagioclase consumption and the growthof garnet to increasing X_Fe, X_Mg and X_Ca and decreasing X_Mncompositions, indicating steep burial with heating. The developedkyanite–garnet–biotite peak metamorphic parageneseswere followed by the resorption of garnet and formation of plagioclasemoats, indicating decompression, which was followed by retrogressivecooling and chlorite–muscovite growth. The clockwise P–Tloop is consistent with the foreland vergent fold–thrustbelt geometry in this part of the northern margin. Earlier formed(580–570 Ma) pervasive matrix foliations (M₂) were overprintedby contact metamorphic parageneses (M₃) in the aureoles of 530± 3 Ma granites in the Ugab Zone and 553–514 Magranites in the western Northern Zone. Available geochronologicaldata suggest that convergence between the Congo and KalahariCratons was essentially coeval in all parts of the northernmargin, with similar ages of 535–530 Ma for the main phaseof deformation in the eastern Northern Zone and Northern Platformand 538–505 Ma high-grade metamorphism of the CentralZone immediately to the south. Consequently, NNE–SSW-directedconvergent deformation and associated M₃ metamorphism of contrastingstyles are interpreted to be broadly contemporaneous along thelength of the northern margin of the Inland Branch. In the westheat transfer was dominated by conduction and externally drivenby granites, whereas in the east heat transfer was dominatedby advection and internally driven radiogenic heat production.The ultimate cause was along-orogen variation in crustal architecture,including thickness of the passive margin lithosphere and thicknessof the overlying sedimentary succession. KEY WORDS: Pan-African Orogeny; P–T paths; pseudosections; low-P metamorphism; contact metamorphism; Barrovian metamorphism     

基于无人直升机平台的航磁系统集成与应用

笔者介绍了无人直升机航磁系统的研发与集成,采用无人直升机作为飞行平台,搭载高精度航空磁测系统,具有低成本、高效率、不受机场跑道限制、可夜航、按设计测线全自主导航飞行等特点。该系统分别完成了磁补偿试验飞行与实际应用工作,补偿精度达到0.046 9 n T,测量成果与测区内以往航磁成果对比,其反映的地磁场特征形态基本一致,验证了该系统的有效性,航磁异常等值线在细节上表现更细致。本系统为大比例尺、高精度、小面积的航磁测量工作提供了一种高效灵活的工作手段。     

全球六边形离散格网的几何最优化设计与空间度量

全球离散格网系统（Discrete Global Grid System,DGGS）是一种新型的空间数据模型。它采用特定的方法进行地球表面的同构离散化,提供了一种无缝无叠的多尺度的全球格网结构。DGGS使用格网的地址编码运算代替传统的坐标计算来处理各种空间操作。本文以六边形DGGS为研究对象,提出了一种用于评价格网几何均匀性的新型最优化目标函数,设计了以启发式全局优化方法为核心,结合数值投影变换方法,构建六边形的DGGS。另外,针对DGGS目前的短板问题——空间度量,研究了DGGS上基于格网方法的面积度量、长度度量和角度度量,旨在发展一套全球六边形离散格网上的空间度量体系。     

正八面体的六边形离散格网系统生成算法

全球离散格网系统是一种面向全球的新型多分辨率数据建模与表达解决方案。与三角形和四边形格网相比,六边形格网具有对称性好、采样效率高、一致相邻等特点,更利于地球空间信息的建模、整合与分析。本文提出一种能生成各种六边形格网系统的算法,将正八面体上的相邻三角面组合为“四边形逻辑结构”,建立三轴离散斜坐标系,描述不同六边形剖分产生的多分辨率格网。其采用面向对象的思想设计了软件模型,通过实验验证了算法的可行性,分析了算法的效率。结果表明,该算法采用统一的数学模型描述正八面体上各种类型六边形剖分产生的离散格网系统,对应的软件模型,将不同格网系统的共性特征和个性特征分离,便于维护和扩展,具有一定的灵活性。     

A novel method for approximating intercity networks:An empirical comparison for validating the city networks in two Chinese city-regions

A network perspective has increasingly become an organizational paradigm for understanding regional spatial structures. Based on a critical overview of existing empirical models for estimating intercity networks based on firm linkages, this study extends the recently proposed regional corporate city model algorithm by proposing a new method for approximating urban networks based on the locational strategies of firms. The new method considers both regional and hierarchical network features and avoids the information loss associated with the conversion from two-mode firm-city networks to one-mode city-city networks. In addition, networks estimated by using the method proposed herein are suitable when employing social network analysis. Finally, this method is empirically validated by examining intercity firm networks formed by advanced producer services firms in China’s two largest metropolitan areas, namely the Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta. The presented empirical analysis suggests two main findings. First, in contrast to conventional methods (e.g., the interlocking city network model), our new method produces regional and hierarchical urban networks that more closely resemble reality. Second, the new method allows us to use social network analysis to assess betweenness and closeness centralities. However, regardless of the model applied, the validity of any method that measures urban networks depends on the soundness of its underlying assumptions about how network actors (firms, in our case) interact.     

一种通用球面等积离散网格生成算法

球面离散网格模型是管理海量数据的有效途径,如何构建球面网格是这类模型的基础问题.文中利用Snyder等积多面体投影建立了平面与球面的对应关系,设计了球面等积三角形和四边形离散网格的生成算法.结合实验分析了两种网格的最大/最小边长比和单元周长均方差两项指标,结果表明全部网格的指标均收敛,适合用作多分辨率地理空间信息的管理.     

全球多分辨率六边形网格剖分及地址编码规则

首先介绍全球网格系统的应用需求,讨论采用正多面体剖分的基本要素。在此基础上,提出一种新型的便于存储,具有多分辨率层次索引、管理能力的六边形剖分全球网格系统的设计思路、产生步骤和生成算法。分析现有六边形索引机制的缺陷,给出一种新的球面六边形网格层次结构,在该结构的基础上设计网格的层次化编码方式,成功建立网格的编码空间,详细探讨经纬度坐标与网格地址编码的转换问题,给出并实现基于递归层次离散网格坐标系统的互换算法,严格保证计算的准确性和可靠性。该结构能够无缝地表达和处理不同分辨率的全球网格空间数据。     

不同集合的球面矢量Voronoi图生成算法

分析现有球面VORONOI图生成算法的不足,介绍球面不同集合V图的定义,在此基础上提出球面偏置曲线的概念并总结了它的性质,具体分析不同集合在球面上的偏置结果及处理方法,提出基于球面偏置的多集合V图生成算法,通过实验检验算法的正确性与效率,最后得出结论和进一步的研究方向。     

利用Mathematica实现共线条件方程自动线性化的教学实践

中心投影构像方程通常称为共线条件方程,它是摄影测量学的理论基石。共线条件方程线性化是建立摄影测量平差数学模型的前提,对初学者掌握解析空中三角测量的基本原理具有重要意义。针对专业课教学中人工线性化工作量大、容易出错、枯燥乏味等不足,本文采用Mathematica科学计算软件设计了计算机自动线性化方案。实践表明,该方案具有简便、准确、灵活等特点,能帮助初学者迅速掌握线性化技巧,教学效果良好。提出的思路和方法为提升专业课教学质量、促进教学改革探索了有效途径。