Evidence of Middle Pleistocene hominin migration in the Qinling Mountains (central China) from the Miaokou Paleolithic site

The Qinling Mountain Range (QMR) spans a large region in China and is an im-portant area of hominin activities.Many Paleolithic sites are found in Bahe,South Luohe,and Hanjiang river valleys in the northern,eastern,and southern part of the range,respectively.The Danjiang River valley acts as a channel connecting these valleys and stretches from the north to the south of the QMR.The previous dating of the Paleolithic sites in the Danjiang valley mainly relied on geomorphologic comparison,stratigraphic correlation,fossil charac-teristics,and Paleolithic artifacts,indicating a lack of absolute data.In this study,we con-ducted a detailed geochronological investigation of the entire valley,and selected an ideal site--the Miaokou profile.Based on the identification of the Ioess-paleosol sequences,opti-cally stimulated luminescence,and magnetostratigraphy,the Paleolithic artifacts of the Mi-aokou site located within the S5 and S6 layers of the profile belong to ～0.6-0.7 Ma.This suggests that the Paleolithic site is an old site in the Danjiang River valley,and this period also witnessed a rapid increase in the number of hominin sites during the Middle Pleistocene.Combining our results with previous reports across the QMR,we propose that the Danjiang River valley might have been a corridor for hominin migration,and is worthy of further inves-tigation.     

利用多面函数拟合法建立区域地壳水平运动模型的改进算法研究

利用多面函数拟合法建立区域地壳水平运动模型,通常对N、E方向设定相同的核函数。然而,由此确定的N、E方向速度场并非最佳拟合。为了改进拟合效果,本文提出了一种多面函数拟合水平速度场的改进算法,并利用中国地壳运动观测网络在四川区域2010年、2011年、2012年3期的速度场数据进行了验证。结果表明,N、E方向速度场在最佳拟合时所取的核函数并不相同,本文提出的改进算法可以有效改善模型拟合效果,并提高模型精度。     

利用PC-SIFT的多源光学卫星影像自动配准方法

针对多源光学卫星影像几何校正过程中同名点匹配率低、配准过程自动化差等问题,本文采用相位一致性代替原始尺度不变特征变换(scale invitation feature transform,SIFT)算法中的像素灰度值梯度对主方向和特征向量进行描述,提升特征描述的正确率;以频率域下相位分析结果为约束条件对匹配结果进行优化,抑制错误匹配同名点;同时,提出了一种基于随机采样一致性(RANSAC)的自适应选择策略,提高参数估计阶段的自动化水平;最后,实现多源光学卫星影像间的配准。多组数据实验结果表明了该方法在辐射非线性畸变多源光学卫星影像间配准中的有效性和适用性。     

大同盆地3次4级地震前兆异常特征分析

通过对2000年以来,发生在大同盆地的3次4级地震震前小震活动和前兆异常特征的分析,以进一步总结,捕捉大同盆地中等地震发生前存在的信息,提高地震预测的水平.     

基于深度图像目标检测的智能台风涡旋识别技术

基于2005—2020年的中国气象局台风最佳路径数据集以及葵花(Himawari)8和风云(FY)卫星云图数据,首先将卫星原始数据转换为FULLDISK灰度图像作为台风涡旋识别技术的图像来源,并制定新的VOC(Visual Object Classes)标注规范,构建了样本标注数据集。利用运行速度快、识别准确率高的人工智能领域经典目标检测SSD(Single Shot MultiBox Detector)模型作为台风涡旋识别的基础模型,并针对台风涡旋识别的独特性,特别是弱涡旋识别困难,提出一种迭代的SSD目标检测模型,明显提高了台风涡旋的识别精度。通过目标检测技术对卫星云图进行智能特征分析、抽取、识别和定位,实现了自动涡旋正确识别和定位,最终建立了智能台风涡旋识别技术。测试结果显示：该技术对强热带风暴级以下强度台风涡旋正确识别率为40%～80%,对强热带风暴级及以上强度台风涡旋正确识别率达90%以上,能够精准识别强台风级及以上强度涡旋,该技术为今后业务利用高时空分辨率卫星图像对台风进行实时精密监测提供了技术支撑。     

对电提取离子法找金适用性的看法

本文介绍的找金新方法——电提取离子法,通过在已知金矿点上的试验,不仅取得了较好结果,更重要的是通过对提取电源的试验对比,证明选用微型电池(1.5V)进行提取也可获得满意结果,从而大大提高了方法的野外适用性。     

甘肃省县域农村贫困的空间演化分析

贫困地区的空间识别是精准扶贫政策制定的重要依据。运用变异系数、泰尔指数、马尔科夫链和探索性空间分析方法对甘肃省1984~2015年86个县（市、区）域农村贫困指数差异的空间演化过程及其特征进行了实证分析。研究表明：甘肃省县域农村贫困指数差异总体下降,并表现出“缩小—扩大—缩小”的阶段性特征,演化过程趋于稳定;同时,甘肃省农村贫困存在空间集聚现象,呈现出集中分布和稳定性特征。其中,河西走廊地区和兰州地区的部分县域农村贫困程度较低,存在空间集聚现象,且集聚范围不断延伸;定西市、陇南市、甘南州、临夏州等地区县域农村贫困程度较深,也表现出较强的空间集聚现象,但集聚范围在不断缩小,且显现出碎片化特征。     

不同GPS时间序列跨度对噪声模型建立的影响

针对现有GPS时间序列研究中时间序列跨度方面研究较少,该文对不同GPS时间序列跨度对噪声模型建立的影响进行分析。选取ITRF2008框架下中国区域的10个IGS基准站的坐标时间序列,将每个序列按照时间跨度分为5a、10a、15a和20a4个时段,分别求取各时段的谱指数,采用不同的噪声模型组合对它们进行噪声分析,并对结果进行对比。结果表明:随着时间序列长度的增加,谱指数呈减小趋势,FN+RWN+WN在所有最优噪声模型中所占比例上升,FN+RWM+WN中RWN在所有噪声分量中所占比例呈上升趋势,噪声的长周期分量变得显著;同一测站在不同长度时段内所求最优噪声模型、速度场差别较大,在研究分析测站最优噪声模型、速度场时需要指出获取该时间序列的时段。     

荒漠绿洲农田土壤水热动态及硝态氮淋溶特征北大核心CSCD

灌溉和氮肥的施用是保障干旱荒漠区农田生产的关键措施,但过量的氮肥会随水分淋溶至深层土壤或地下水中,从而导致氮素的损耗和地下水的污染。本研究以黑河中游荒漠绿洲过渡带两种开垦年限的农田土壤(风沙土和灰棕漠土)为研究对象,通过土柱模拟试验监测分析了玉米生育期和休闲期内土壤水分和温度的动态变化及硝态氮(NO_(3)^(-)-N)的淋溶规律,揭示了不同耕作年限农田土壤中硝态氮损耗的差异。结果表明:新绿洲农田深层渗漏及NO3--N的淋失主要发生在苗期-拔节期以及休耕期,深层渗漏年损失量97.65-105.1 mm,占年灌溉水总量(810 mm)的12%-13%,NO_(3)^(-)-N淋溶年损失量68.1-123.8 kg·hm^(-2),占年施氮总量的18.7%-34.2%,休耕期灌水致使生育期内土壤中大量积累的氮素淋溶至深层,NO3--N淋失量是当年生育期内NO_(3)^(-)-N淋失量的2.2倍;开垦年限较长的老绿洲农田在相同灌溉施肥条件下无深层渗漏和NO_(3)^(-)-N的淋失现象发生,其“蓄水保墒”及抑制水分和NO_(3)^(-)-N渗漏淋失的生态效应优于开垦年限较短的新垦绿洲农田。因此,为降低土壤水分损失和NO_(3)^(-)-N淋失风险,建议新绿洲农田生育期内减少春季灌溉次数或降低灌水定额,冬季休耕期降低灌水定额或采取免冬灌措施,以此保证灌溉水资源的优化利用并减少农田氮素的淋失。     

Crustal structure and deformation associated with seamount subduction at the north Manila Trench represented by analog and gravity modeling

We investigated the deformation in the accretionary wedge associated with subducted seamounts in the northern Manila Trench by combining observations from seismic profiles and results from laboratory sandbox experiments. From three seismic reflection profiles oriented approximately perpendicular to the trench, we observed apparent variations in structural deformation along the trench. A number of back-thrust faults were formed in the accretionary wedge where subducted seamounts were identified. In contrast, observable back-thrusts were quite rare along the profile without seamounts, indicating that seamount subduction played an important role in deformation of the accretionary wedge. We then conducted laboratory sandbox experiments to investigate the effects of subducted seamounts on the structural deformation of the accretionary wedge. From the analog modeling results we found that seamount subduction could cause well-developed back-thrusts, gravitational collapse, and micro-fractures in the wedge. We also found that a seamount may induce normal faults in the wedge and that normal faults may be eroded by subsequent seamount subduction. In addition, we constrained the crustal structure of the South China Sea plate from modeling free-air gravity data. The dip angle of the subducting plate, which was constrained by hypocenters of available earthquakes, increased from south to north in the northern Manila Trench. We found a laterally heterogeneous density distribution of the oceanic crust according to the gravity data. The density of subducted crust is ~2.92 g/cm³, larger than that of the South China Sea crust (2.88 g/cm³).