北京地区石灰岩开发超细重质碳酸钙的展望

石灰岩是北京地区优势矿种，然而开发利用程度低下，产品结构单一，没有高技术含量和高附加值产品，本文通过造纸，塑料业超细重钙应用装况分析，认为一发超细重质碳酸钙制品才是根本出路。     

塔里木盆地北部坳陷震旦纪-奥陶纪大陆裂谷性质及其演化

塔里木盆地北部坳陷是在前震旦纪结晶基底之上发育起来的大陆裂谷盆地,始于早震旦世,结束于晚奥陶世.裂谷的轴部自西向东由阿瓦提凹陷、满加尔凹陷、英吉苏凹陷(包括库鲁克塔格南区)组成,向东延伸到罗布泊以东地区.裂谷轴部与地幔隆起带和高磁异常带相对应.裂谷东部主要以半深海-深海相的浊积岩、放射虫硅质岩和笔石页岩为特征,裂谷西部和翼部则以浅水盆地相和台地相的碳酸盐为特征.裂谷早期的火山岩主要分布于中东部的切谷内,具有双峰式火山岩的特征,玄武岩属低硅高钛富碱型.据区域动力学背景、沉积特征、沉降速率,将裂谷演化划分为幼年期,成年期和衰亡期3个阶段.     

滇西菲红超基性岩风化壳铂族元素地球化学行为

近年来在世界不同地区进行了风化过程中铂族元素的地球化学行为研究。作为中国西南部的第一个实例，本文研究了云南西部菲红超基性岩体上发育的红土风化剖面。矿物学和微量元素地球化学研究证明该风化壳是超基性岩风化的结果。文中详细讨论了风化壳的地质、矿物学、红土化和铂族元素地球化学特征。结果表明，风化壳的红土化程度不高，仍处于红色粘土阶段；风化壳上部的表层土壤带和铁质粘土带中铂族元素总量至少富集了3．57－7．87倍，其中Ru和Pd的富集程度较大,Ir的富集程度中等，Pt和Rh的富集程度较小，使得铂族元素的配分模式由基岩的Pt富集型转变为风化壳的Ru-Pt富集型，证明红土化过程中铂族元素发生了分异。     

滇西上芒岗金矿床地质地球化学特征

上芒岗金矿由下部原生卡林型和上部 红色粘土型金矿体所组成，赋矿地层为侏罗系勐戛组砂泥质岩、白云质灰岩和二叠系沙子坡组泥硅质灰岩、白云岩。北东向上芒岗断裂构造与不整合面和岩溶的复合控制了矿床和矿体。围岩蚀变以硅化（似碧玉岩化）、黄铁矿化、碳酸盐化和粘土化为主，并具有水平与垂向分带性。地球化学研究表明，蚀变与矿化岩石的稀土含量与未蚀变泥质灰岩基本一致，成矿溶液为富CI^－型和富SO4^2-型，爆裂温度为183－378℃，δ^34S=6.471‰-21.965‰，δ^18O=9.3‰-11.6‰，δD=-70‰--77‰，^206Pb/^204Pb=19.551-20.05,^207Pb/^204Pb=15.690-16.240,^208Pb/^204Pb=38.710=40.137。红色粘土型矿石的红土化作用只达到粘土阶段。     

前馈神经网络隐性单调与泛化能力

应用前馈人工神经网络对广域单调的两组样本进行了模拟反演，引入单调前馈网络的概念对其权值和阈值定解问题和泛化能力进行了较诉研究。表明前馈人工神经网络是一个表达形式简单的复杂系统，其单调特征是隐性的，而且训练网络的成熟性对样本数量和样本内在规律性有一定依赖。强调了前馈人工神经网络的应用效果，指出单调与复合问题还需进一步深入研究。     

叠前正演模拟与偏移的网络并行计算

在叠前深度偏移和非零炮检距声波方程正演计算过程中包含了大量的可并行计算的成分。作者在本文中提出叠前正演模拟与偏移的网络并行计算算法，并基于TCP／IP协议，将该算法设计成网络并行处理程序，极大地提高了计算效率。实际运算结果证明，本文提出的并行算法和技术路线是切实可行的。     

Climate induced temperature effects on growth performance, fecundity and recruitment in marine fish: developing a hypothesis for cause and effect relationships in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and common eelpout (Zoarces viviparus)

Effects of global warming on animal distribution and performance become visible in many marine ecosystems. The present study was designed to develop a concept for a cause and effect understanding with respect to temperature changes and to explain ecological findings based on physiological processes. The concept is based on a wide comparison of invertebrate and fish species with a special focus on recent data obtained in two model species of fish. These fish species are both characterized by northern and southern distribution limits in the North Atlantic: eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), as a typical non-migrating inhabitant of the coastal zone and the cod (Gadus morhua), as a typical inhabitant of the continental shelf with a high importance for fisheries.Mathematical modelling demonstrates a clear significant correlation between climate induced temperature fluctuations and the recruitment of cod stocks. Growth performance in cod is optimal at temperatures close to 10°C, regardless of the population investigated in a latitudinal cline. However, temperature specific growth rates decrease at higher latitudes. Also, fecundity is less in White Sea than in North and Baltic Sea cod or eelpout populations. These findings suggest that a cold-induced shift in energy budget occurs which is unfavorable for growth performance and fecundity. Thermal tolerance limits shift depending on latitude and are characterized by oxygen limitation at both low or high temperatures. Oxygen supply to tissues is optimized at low temperature by a shift in hemoglobin isoforms and oxygen binding properties to lower affinities and higher unloading potential. Protective stimulation of heat shock protein synthesis was not observed.According to a recent model of thermal tolerance the downward shift of tolerance limits during cold adaptation is associated with rising mitochondrial densities and, thus, aerobic capacity and performance in the cold, especially in eurythermal species. At the same time the costs of mitochondrial maintenance reflected by mitochondrial proton leakage should rise leaving a lower energy fraction for growth and reproduction. The preliminary conclusion can be drawn that warming will cause a northern shift of distribution limits for both species with a rise in growth performance and fecundity larger than expected from the Q₁₀ effect in the north and lower growth or even extinction of the species in the south. Such a shift may heavily affect fishing activities in the North Sea.     

The Character of Shear-wave Splitting in Marble in the Critical State of Rupture

This paper mainly observed and analyzed the character of shear-wave splitting in rock specimens while they were in the critical state of rupture. The rock specimens for study are made of Laizhou marble from Shandong, China. A series of records were obtained from two rock specimens when they were in the critical state of rupture. The result shows that, in the critical state just before rock rupture, there may be the phenomenon of rise and fall in the time delay of shear-wave splitting, even though the load was kept constant. That is to say, the time delay of shear-wave splitting may have a falling process before rock rupture.     

Study on the Late PermianClaraia in South China

There are different opinions on whetherClaraia appeared in the Late Permian or not. It is convinced thatClaraia had turned up in the Late Permian through the study on the Upper Permian in South China.Pseudoclaraia, Claraioides andClaraia are compared and they are found to bear basically the same features. According to the rule of nomenclatural priority,Pseudoclaraia andClaraioides should be attributed to the genusClaraia. Late PermianClaraia lived in the middle-lower part of the bathyal continental slope as epifauna, which could swim occasionally. The study onClaraia of the Permian-Triassic transition shows that TriassicClaraia was evolved from PermianClaraia.     

边角权匹配对城市大型导线网平差结果精度影响分析

通过某工业城市大型一级导线网观测成果的限差检验、观测数据处理，探讨导线网平差时、，边、角验权的合理选择和匹配，及其对平差结果的精度影响，从中得出一些认识和有益的经验。