利用高分辨率TerraSAR-X影像监测唐山矿地面沉降

利用2012-12~2014-02获取的13景高分辨率TerraSAR-X影像,采用PSI时序分析技术监测唐山矿地面沉降。该技术以短时空基线为准则生成47幅差分干涉图,选择强度稳定性和频谱相干性较高的相干目标进行时间序列分析,基于最小二乘法获取唐山矿区域相干目标的地面下沉速率和沉降时间序列。结果表明,唐山矿有两个地面沉降中心,分别位于矿区东北和西部方向,最大沉降速率达58.2 mm/a;2013-06~09矿区出现回弹现象,而在其他时间段内地面呈近似线性下沉。通过对比高程误差改正前后的直方图可以发现,本文采用的两次回归分析方法对降低地形残余误差有很好的应用效果。     

Facies-controlled volcanic reservoirs of northern Songliao Basin, NE China

Volcanic rocks of the late Mesozoic are very important reservoirs for the commercial natural gases including hydrocarbon, carbon dioxide and rare gases in the northern Songliao Basin. The reservoir volcanic rocks include rhyolite, andesite, trachyte, basalt and tuff. Facies of the volcanic rocks can be classified into 5 categories and 15 special types. Porosity and permeability of the volcanic reservoirs are facies-controlled. Commercial reservoirs were commonly found among the following volcanic subfacies: volcanic neck (I1) , underground-explosive breccia (I3), pyroclastic-bearing lava flow (II3), upper effusive (III3) and inner extrusive ones (IV1). The best volcanic reservoirs are generally evolved in the interbedded explosive and effusive volcanics. Rhyolites show in general better reservoir features than other types of rocks do.     

广域滑坡灾害隐患InSAR显著性形变区深度学习识别技术

全面识别和发现地质灾害隐患,已成为我国地质灾害防治的重大实际需求。目前,基于InSAR技术和深度学习相结合用于广域尺度下地质灾害隐患智能识别应用效果与适用性还需要进一步探索与研究。本文基于Stacking InSAR技术获得地表形变相位数据,利用深度学习检测识别正在变形的滑坡隐患位置与分布,确定显著性形变区边界,探索将上述技术方法推广到一定的广域范围和动态更新数据集。结果显示,测试数据集显著性形变区平均识别精度为0.69,召回率为0.67,F₁ score为0.67,动态更新数据集识别精度为0.85,召回率为0.58,F₁ score为0.68。研究表明,本文方法在广域地灾隐患识别中具有应用可行性,可为地质灾害监测预警提供理论基础与技术支撑。     

广东信宜井水位受降雨影响的回归分析

前兆水位观测中降雨影响的排除一直是困扰前兆流体观测的一个难题,在前人研究的基础上根据水位长时间断续升高和短时间单调升高两种情况统计了降雨参数与水位升高幅度的关系,分别建立了两种情况下降雨影响水位升高幅度的多元回归方程,从而为信宜井水位数据的日常分析提供了一种基于回归统计的定量排除降雨干扰的方法。回归分析结果显示:在苍梧地震前从2015年开始信宜井水位升高的幅度就偏高,震后偏低,这可能和地震前后区域应力场的调整有关。     

Adsorption of Pentachlorophenol onto Oxide and Clay Minerals： Surface Reaction Model and Environmental Implications

The adsorption of pentachlorophenol （PCP） onto quartz, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and iron oxides has been investigated by batch equilibrium techniques. The pH-dependent isotherms are curves with peak values, the position of which is at about pH = 5-6 depending on the mineral species. Based on distribution of both speciation of surface hydroxyls on minerals and PCP in solution a surface reaction model involving surface complexation and surface electrostatic attraction is presented to fit the pH-dependent isotherms, and both reaction constants are calculated. The results show that on quartz and phyllosilicate minerals the predominant adsorption reaction is surface complexation, meanwhile both of surface electrostatic attraction and surface complexation are involved on the iron oxide minerals. The reaction constants of surface electrostatic adsorption are usually one to three orders in magnitude, larger than that of surface complexation. The concentration-dependent isotherms can be well fitted by Langmnir equation with the correlation coefficient R〉0.93 for kaolinite and iron oxides. The maximum adsorption is found in the order： hematite 〉 lepidocrocite 〉 goethite 〉 kaolinite 〉 quartz 〉 montmorillonite ≈ illite, which can be interpreted by consideration of both reaction mechanism and surface hydroxyl density. The significant adsorption of PCP onto mineral surfaces suggests that clay and iron oxide minerals will play an important role as HIOCs are adsorbed in laterite or latertoid soil, which is widespread in South China.     

油、水、干层的地球化学识别

本文介绍一种判断油、水、干层的地球化学方法,根据储层样品中有机抽提的的含量和组成特征,结合油层物性,地层测试和试油资料编制织识别油、水,干层的图版,提出判别油、水、干层的地质／地球化学指标,确定油层的地球化学参数的下限,并运用此方法对松辽盆地新站油田主要油层分布段的油、水、干层进行判别。根据试油资料验证表明,地球化学判断结果比传统的地质录井及地球物理测井资料判断结果更符合实际情况。     

地史过程中烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力变化的模拟计算

在同时考察源岩中有机质因生、排烃而损失和无机质因成岩作用而失重的基础上,模拟计算了地史过程中,随有机质类型、初始有机质丰度、成熟度及排烃效率的改变,烃源岩有机质丰度和生烃潜力的变化,探讨了有机碳恢复系数及生烃潜力损失率的可能变化范围。结果表明,地史过程中,有机质生烃潜力和有机质丰度的变化主要取决于源岩的生、排烃效率,对性质偏差的有机质,有机质的实测丰度随演化程度的增高不降反升;而对位于高成熟阶段的优质有机质,有机碳的恢复系数可达2以上;随有机质类型变好和成熟度升高,生烃潜力损失率增高;一般情况下,有机质生烃潜力的恢复幅度比有机质丰度的恢复大得多。     

应用动态时变参数多层递阶法进行地震预报研究

本文研究了动态时变参数多层递阶法的原理及其在地震预报中应用的具体实施步骤。该方法充分考虑了系统的时变特性,使内符精度较高,在较小的震级误差范围内一步预报结果与实际情况相吻合。因此该方法有一定的应用价值,值得进一步推广。     

川西与滇东震旦系—寒武系边界层遗迹化石比较及地质意义的探讨

本文通过对我国震旦系-寒武系边界层中厚度较大、化石丰富、生物演变序列清楚的川西和滇东地区遗迹化石的研究,并比较其异同点,从而阐明遗迹化石对寒武系底界的划分及恢复古环境方面的意义。     

遥感地质勘查技术与应用研究

遥感的发展极大地拓宽了人类的视野和视觉能力,以其宏观性、综合性、多尺度、多层次的特点,已成为地质研究和地质勘查不可缺少的技术手段,在地质调查、矿产勘查、地质环境评价、地质灾害监测和基础地质研究等方面都发挥了越来越大的作用.随着传感器分辨率(空间、光谱、时间、辐射)的不断提高,特别是高光谱和干涉雷达技术的发展,不仅极大地...