Remediation of soil co-contaminated with pyrene and cadmium by growing maize (Zea mays L.)

Sites co-contaminated with organic and metal pollutants are common and considered to be a more complex problem as the two components often causes a synergistic effect on cytotoxicity. Phytoremediation has been proposed as a cost-effective technology for treating heavy metal or organic contamination and may be suitable for remediation of co-contaminated soil. This study investigated the concurrent removal of pyrene and cadmium in co-contaminated soil by growing maize in a pot experiment. At the end of 60 day culture, pyrene in spiked soil diminished significantly, accounting for 21–31 % of the initial extractable concentration in unplanted soil and 12–27 % in planted soil. With the increment of cadmium level, the residual pyrene both in unplanted and planted soil tended to increase. Although the presence of cadmium increased the accumulation of pyrene in maize, plant accumulation only account for less than 0.30 % of the total amount of the dissipated pyrene in vegetated soils. It implied that plant-promoted microbial biodegradation was the predominant contribution to the plant-enhanced dissipation of pyrene in co-contaminated soil. Unlike pyrene, heavy metal cadmium cannot be degraded. It was observed that maize can concurrently removed about on the average 0.70 % of the total cadmium amount in soil by plant uptake, but cadmium phytoextraction would be inhibited under contamination of pyrene. Maize CT38 can normally grow in the co-contaminated soil with high level cadmium and pyrene and can effectively remedy the sites co-contaminated with these two types of contamination, which suggest the possibility of simultaneous phytoremediation of two different contaminant types.     

区域持续农业的景观生态研究

从提出背景,概念内涵,本质特性以及实践内容来看,持续农业具有鲜明的生态内涵,研究离不开生态学的指导;从系统主体,出发点、尺度、动态来看,区域持续农业在更大程度上属于景观生态学的研究范畴,因此 生态学可作为区域持续珠理论基础,而主观生态学应用方向的景观生态规划便可实现区域持续农业的空间途径,最后,文章以中国北方农牧过渡北山地的景观利用方向进行案例实践。     

切伦科夫线辐射的基本公式

在８０ 年代初,尤峻汉和程富华从理论上证实,当相对论电子在稠密气体中运动时,切伦科夫效应将产生宽的、轮廓明显不对称的原子或分子发射线．此后这一新的谱线发射机制被一系列实验所确证．尤峻汉等人又进一步给出了有关切伦科夫辐射的系列解析公式,但其有关谱轮廓和红移的结论只适用于极稠密的气体．由于这一线辐射机制在天体物理中的潜在重要性,在他们工作的基础上,进一步简化、推广、改进了原有的公式体系,并以天体物理学家熟悉的形式做出了更便于实际应用的表述     

渤海湾盆地及周边的古生古储油气藏——以双洞背斜古油藏与刘其营、苏桥潜山油气藏为例

双洞背斜古油藏、刘其营潜山油气藏、苏桥潜山油气藏均为古生古储或自生自储的油气藏(古油藏)。双洞古油藏位于燕山褶皱带山海关隆起北部,邻近渤海湾盆地,其含油层为中—上元古界铁岭组,而该处根本没有下第三系生油层,说明中—上元古界和古生界是其生烃层。刘其营油气藏位于冀中坳陷,储层为奥陶系,盖层为石炭系—二叠系,其上部新生界主要生油层为沙河街组三段,中间相隔厚度约1000～3000m的沙河街组四段和孔店组隔层。沙河街组三段所生之油气,无法穿过这一隔层及不整合面向下运移到奥陶系储层中,因此刘其营潜山油气藏也不可能是新生古储的。苏桥油气藏是一复式油气藏,上部石炭系—二叠系气藏与下部奥陶系油藏叠合,根据油、气、水性质的对比也可以排除新生古储的成藏模式。渤海湾盆地古生界和中—上元古界具有生烃能力,其中的临清坳陷具备在深部古老地层寻找原生油气藏的条件。     

台风暴雨中尺度系统与结构的数值研究

首先对８４０７，８４１１和８５０４号台风进行了数值模拟，并详细分析了模式输出的带通流场，发现；在湿台风引起的大范围暴雨区，低怪有强辐合，高怪有的大尺度辐散，而在干台风产生的弱降水区，高层则无中尺度辐散气流。其次，对引起暴雨突然增幅的８４０７号台风进行了对比试验，表明：台风大尺度环境场是产生台风暴雨中尺度系统的源，而凝结潜热释放和地形效应则是形成和影响这些中尺度系统中和中尺度的结构和重要因素。     

一次飑线过程的雷达回波分析与数值模拟

2003年4月12日, 一条飑线袭击了江西、福建、浙江三省, 所到之处出现冰雹、大风等强烈天气, 这次过程强度强, 影响范围大, 三省交界及附近区域有二十多个测站出现冰雹、大风, 冰雹直径有的达3 cm以上, 最大风速达32 m/s。该文利用建阳新一代天气雷达探测到的回波以及中尺度非静力数值模式 (MM5) 对这次过程进行数值模拟, 分析此次强对流过程。结果表明:雷达回波显示出飑线的带状强回波, 线状回波上呈现波型特征; 在数值模拟结果中看到在系统发生的带状区域内有多个中尺度涡旋存在, 在飑线内有中尺度涡旋簇和弓形回波。     

The Use of Dual-Doppler Radar Data in the Study of 1998 Meiyu Frontal Precipitation in Huaihe River Basin

During the Meiyu period in June and July of 1998, intensified field observations have been carried out for the project “Huaihe River Basin Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (HUBEX)”. For studying Meiyu front and its precipitation in Huaihe River basin, the present paper has performed analysis on the middle and lower level wind fields in the troposphere by using the radar data obtained from the two Doppler radars located at Fengtai district and Shouxian County. From June 29 to July 3 in 1998, the continuous heavy precipitation occurred in Huaihe River basin around Meiyu front. The precipitation process on July 2 occurred within the observation range of the two Doppler radar in Fengtai district and Shouxian County. The maximum rainfall of the Meiyu front was over 100 mm in 24 h, so it can be regarded as a typical mesoscale heavy precipitation process related to Meiyu front. Based on the wind field retrieved from the dual Doppler radar, we find that there are meso-γ scale vertical circulations in the vertical cross-section perpendicular to Meiyu front, the strong upward motion of which corresponds to the position of the heavy rainfall area. Furthermore, other results obtained by this study are identical with the results by analyzing the conventional synoptic data years ago. For example: in the vicinity of 3 km level height ahead of Meiyu front there exists a southwest low-level jet; the rainstorm caused by Meiyu front mainly occurs at the left side of the southwest low-level jet; and the Meiyu front causes the intensification of the low-level convergence in front of it.     

云南个旧锡矿的成矿时代

云南个旧锡矿经历了印支期海底基性火山——沉积成矿、海底喷流——沉积成矿和燕山晚期的花岗岩叠加改造成矿的作用。用Ar-Ar、K-Ar和Pb-Pb法分析了3个成矿系列的成矿年龄,结果表明,成矿系列Ⅰ的Ar-Ar法坪年龄和等时线年龄为95.93±5.41～123.91±15.41Ma,K-Ar法表观年龄为112.50±2.25Ma,普通铅法年龄为210～240Ma;成矿系列Ⅱ的Ar-Ar法坪年龄和等时线年龄为191.81±2.26～205.11±4.38Ma,K-Ar法表观年龄为186.01±3.72Ma,普通铅法年龄为200～230Ma;成矿系列Ⅲ的Ar-Ar法坪年龄和等时线年龄为83.23±2.07～85.22±2.38Ma,K-Ar法表观年龄为43.49±0.87Ma,普通铅法年龄为83～116Ma。     

五台山腹地早前寒武纪变质岩中白云母的初步研究

五台山早前寒武纪变质岩中的白云母属二八面体的2M型多型变体,其中五台群中的白云母为富含绿鳞石分子的普通白云母,滹沱群为多硅白云母。通过对这些白云母化学成分和b_0值测定,确定五台群变质条件属中低压相系,滹沱群属中高压相系。五台群绿片岩相的变质压力为0.3—0.5 GPa,滹沱群为0.5—0.6 GPa。基于白云母成分和b_0值的研究,对划分变质级别、变质类型;确定变质作用期次;进行地层对比和构造分析等方面是可行的。     

Evaluation of food risk parameters in the Day River Flood Diversion Area,Red River Delta,Vietnam

An interdisciplinary approach is necessary for flood risk assessment. Questions are often raised about which factors should be considered important in assessing the flood risk in an area and how to quantify these factors. This article defines and quantitatively evaluates the flood risk factors that would affect the Day River Flood Diversion Area in the context of integrated flood management in the Red River Delta, Vietnam. Expert analysis, in conjunction with field survey and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), is applied to define and quantify parameters (indicators, subcomponents, and components) that contribute to flood risk. Flood duration is found to be the most prominent indicator in determining flood hazard. Residential buildings, population, and pollution are other fairly significant indicators contributing to flood vulnerability from the economic, social, and environmental perspectives, respectively. The study results will be useful in developing comprehensive flood risk maps for policy-makers and responsible authorities. Besides, local residents will also be able to implement suitable measures for reducing flood risk in the study area.