异地异构天文数据资源的统一访问

天文观测数据资源具有时间跨度大,数据量大,存储、管理分散,管理工具驳杂等特点.如何提供给天文学家一个统一访问这些异地存放的异构数据资源的方案,是虚拟天文台的一个重要研究课题.本文提出了一种基于网格的解决方案.我们基于OGSA-DAI技术实现了对天文星表数据,图像数据和光谱数据的封装(DataNode).我们设计的虚拟天文台数据访问服务(VO-DAS)实现了对DataNode的自动资源发现以及异地异构数据库的联合访问.这将使天体的多波段交叉证认成为可能.VO-DAS支持国际虚拟天文台联盟(IVOA)的各项相关标准,使得它具有良好的互操作性.它的对外接口简单实用,可以针对不同需求的天文数据用户发展出多种网格应用产品.通过在两个科学范例中应用VO-DAS服务,证明了它的可行性.     

新疆塔里木河下游断流河道输水对地下水变化的影响分析

结合2000～2002年以来塔里木河下游间歇性输水后地下水变化的监测数据．用回归分析的方法对输水后地下水位动态响应变化过程进行分析,揭示输水量与地下水的响应范围之间的关系。结果表明：在横向上．随着向塔河生态输水次数和输水量的增加．地下水的响应范围逐渐扩大．但随远离输水河槽中轴线,响应程度减小．地下水位的抬升幅度减弱;纵向上,输水河段上游区段地下水位响应范围最大,中游区段次之,下游区段较小。在第二次输水过程中,靠近河岸地下水位出现急剧上升,而在第三次输水过程中,地下水的响应范围则有巨幅增加．输水量与输水持续时间与地下水位变化有着密切关系。     

Ejecta from impacts at 0.2-2.3 m/s in low gravity

Collisions between planetary ring particles and in some protoplanetary disk environments occur at speeds below 10 m/s. The particles involved in these low-velocity collisions have negligible gravity and may be made of or coated with smaller dust grains and aggregates. We undertook microgravity impact experiments to better understand the dissipation of energy and production of ejecta in these collisions. Here we report the results of impact experiments of solid projectiles into beds of granular material at impact velocities from 0.2 to 2.3 m/s performed under near-weightless conditions on the NASA KC-135 Weightless Wonder V. Impactors of various densities and radii of 1 and 2 cm were launched into targets of quartz sand, JSC-1 lunar regolith simulant, and JSC-Mars-1 martian regolith simulant. Most impacts were at normal or near-normal incidence angles, though some impacts were at oblique angles. Oblique impacts led to much higher ejection velocities and ejecta masses than normal impacts. For normal incidence impacts, characteristic ejecta velocities increase with impactor kinetic energy, KE, as approximately KE^0.5. Ejecta masses could not be measured accurately due to the nature of the experiment, but qualitatively also increased with impactor kinetic energy. Some experiments were near the threshold velocity of 0.2 m/s identified in previous microgravity impact experiments as the minimum velocity needed to produce ejecta [Colwell, J.E., 2003. Icarus 164, 188-196], and the experimental scatter is large at these low speeds in the airplane experiment. A more precise exploration of the transition from low-ejecta-mass impacts to high-ejecta-mass impacts requires a longer and smoother period of reduced gravity. Coefficient of restitution measurements are not possible due to the varying acceleration of the airplane throughout the experiment.     

Description and recognition of potassic-richterite,an amphibole supergroup mineral from the Pajsberg ore field,Värmland,Sweden

Mineralogy and Petrology - Potassic-richterite, ideally AKB(NaCa)CMg5TSi8O22W(OH)2, is recognized as a valid member of the amphibole supergroup (IMA-CNMNC 2017–102). Type material is from the...     

贵州九洞天洞穴系统空间分布特征及地貌演化过程探讨

洞穴分布特征及地貌演化研究是洞穴科普活动及洞穴旅游开发与管理的重要支撑。为进一步了解九洞天景区洞穴系统大型串珠式天窗群的分布特征及规律,对溶洞的规模、形态、发育方向及分布高程进行实地考察。将地理学“将今论古”的思想与地理信息系统工具相结合,探讨九洞天洞穴系统的空间展布特征及其地貌演化过程。结果表明:九洞天洞穴系统发育地层以二叠系茅口组地层为主,发育受断层节理和水文条件控制,溶洞发育方向多为北北东、北西和东南方向,与区域构造线基本一致;受第四纪间歇性抬升运动和侵蚀基准面控制的影响,洞穴系统垂向分布大致集中在1 150~1 220 m、 1 220~1 270 m、1 270~1 340 m三个海拔范围内,与区内古河道垂向分布具有相似性;九洞天洞穴系统和地貌演化经历油菜河伏流及底纳寨干谷形成期、梯子崖伏流及张家寨干谷形成期、九洞天伏流和大天桥干谷形成期三次大的发育阶段,形成九洞天景区天窗溶洞、明暗流和古河道并存的典型喀斯特格局。      

准饱和多孔介质中圈闭气体对渗透系数的影响

含圈闭气体的地下水流称为准饱和流,准饱和流中的圈闭气体对含水层渗透系数有重大影响。通过柱试验开展了粉砂、细砂、中砂和粗砂4种介质圈闭气体饱和度与准饱和渗透系数关系的研究。结果表明:圈闭气体饱和度明显受介质的粒径影响,在细粒介质中圈闭气体饱和度明显较大;4种介质圈闭气体饱和度在0~15%范围内,准饱和渗透系数与完全饱和相比减少了32.82%~56.38%,且准饱和渗透系数与圈闭气体饱和度之间可表达为一个负线性相关的经验公式;该公式与Faybishenko公式等效,但形式简单,参数较少,使用方便;准饱和渗透系数的变化规律可概化为圈闭气体占据了原有的有效孔隙,造成原有效孔隙度减少,从而使渗透系数减小。利用该理论,Kozeny-Carman方程能较准确地描述准饱和渗透系数的变化规律,而基于哈根-泊肃叶方程的渗透系数公式则存在较大误差,不适用于描述准饱和渗透系数;试验结果证明了室内测定饱和渗透系数时排除圈闭气体的必要性。     

袖阀管注浆在人工填土暗挖施工中的应用

阜石路分洪暗涵某暗挖段,浅涵暗挖洞身大部位于人工填土内,部分区域洞底人工填土厚度仍达2m。人工填土松散,自稳能力差,易发生塌落现象,不易成洞,施工难度大。为避免暗挖施工期间人工填土产生安全隐患并减少后期隧道变形,采用了袖阀管注浆技术对填土地层进行注浆加固,以确保工程施工安全及隧道工程质量&根据工程实施效果可见,袖阀管注浆加固对在人工填土中进行暗挖隧道开挖的沉降、变形控制的效果较好。     

Phosphate removal from water by naturally occurring shale,sandstone, and laterite: The role of iron oxides and of soluble species

Aqueous phosphate removal by three geomaterials from Ivory Coast was evaluated to determine their potential application as low-cost phosphate adsorbents in wastewater treatment. Batch experiments showed that phosphate uptake strongly depended on pH. Laterite and sandstone dissolution was less pronounced compared to shale. A correlation between concentrations of aqueous cation species released from shale and phosphate uptake was observed. The kinetics were well described using the pseudo-second-order model. Isotherms displayed a saturation level on shale, while phosphate uptake continuously increased for laterite and sandstone. The removal efficiency decreased in the following ranking order: laterite > sandstone > shale. Laterite was also the most efficient adsorbent in column experiments. The high phosphate removal efficiency of laterite (8.3 mg PO₄ g^?1) was attributed to the presence of superparamagnetic low grain sizes of goethite. Laterite is a particularly promising material for further investigation in wastewater treatment technology such as constructed wetlands.     

航空磁测在黑龙江伊春地区夕卡岩型锌多金属矿的找矿应用

依据1：5万高精度航磁异常和地质特征进行选区,结合1：2万综合物化探查证技术,在小兴安岭伊春地区航磁异常区发现了夕卡岩型锌多金属矿,体现了航空磁测技术在夕卡岩型多金属矿找矿中的适用性.查证结果认为,下寒武统含大理岩地层与侵入岩接触部位航磁异常区是重要的夕卡岩型多金属矿找矿靶区,赋矿部位显示低阻高极化地球物理特征;土壤地球化学特征表现为地层与侵入岩接触部位存在Ag、As、Sb、Mo、W、Bi、Pb、Cu、Zn元素组合异常,异常套合好,Sb异常值高,出现于内带,Zn常见于中带.     

基于两种插值算法的三维地质建模对比

三维地质建模过程中,插值算法对模型准确性具有显著影响。为评价不同插值算法对三维建模准确性的影响,本文选取反距离权重插值法和自然邻域插值法开展对比研究。通过理论分析和案例研究,从统计学原理、插值误差和可视化效果等三方面进行了对比分析。结果表明：反距离权重插值法在建模中精度较高,适应面更广。与自然邻域插值法相比,反距离权重插值法更加适用于地层缺失严重的层位,能够更好地保留地层缺失的特征;同时,反距离权重插值法能够更好地处理断层构造,对于地层的错断起伏情况表现效果更好;反距离权重插值法在沉积地层中误差更小,与实际情况更接近。