国家地缘脆弱性探索——缅甸案例及对中国地缘战略启示

当今国际地缘政治经济格局正处于剧烈变动中,并对缅甸地缘环境的复杂性及地缘脆弱性产生深刻影响。缅甸所在的大湄公河次区域日益成为世界重要地缘政治力量博弈前沿和焦点。系统研究缅甸国家地缘脆弱性,对于中国西部大开发、“一带一路”及周边地缘环境建设具有重要战略意义。本文基于地缘政治及人地关系地域系统等学科理论,规范分析与实证分析相结合,从暴露性、敏感性和适应性等方面构建了国家地缘脆弱性研究框架,系统探索了缅甸典型的国家地缘脆弱性特征。资源环境禀赋、内部地域结构等引致的经济政治体系、社会文化传承等方面是缅甸脆弱性的本底特征,而缅甸与中国的地缘关系及决策则从根本上影响其地缘战略位态。缅甸地缘政治脆弱性及其与中国的相互依赖使之成为西方“U型封堵大陆战略”的薄弱点和今后角逐的着力点,也是中国解围破局重要的地缘战略出口。近期中国应通过“一带一路”孟中印缅经济走廊建设,大力加强中缅之间政治、经济、文化等各方面友好关系。     

安徽含山县汤山白云石矿产地质特征及综合利用

随着社会主义经济建设的发展,白云石应用领域不断扩展,广泛用于建材、冶金、化工等行业;寻找白云石矿已成为经济建设不可或缺的一部分.汤山白云石矿的发现,对它的地层、构造、断层等矿床地质特征等的研究,为我们找寻类似白云石矿产指明了一条捷径.     

补偿校正系数XRFS法七个主量元素测定的探讨

用补偿校正系数法校正X荧光光谱分析中基体效应的影响,对岩石中七个主量元素的测定结果表明该方法准确、可靠。     

松辽北部三肇地区泉四段高分辨率层序学研究

三肇凹陷扶余油层是松辽北部重点的油气勘探领域之一,主要为一套河流-浅水三角洲沉积,由于河道砂体单层厚度薄、侧向变化快,因此急需对该区开展精细的沉积微相研究,以指导后期地层-岩性油气藏勘探。以肇35区块为例,运用高分辨率层序地层学原理,结合岩心、录井、测井资料,识别层序界面特征,建立层序地层格架,并以短期基准面旋回为制图单元,编制高分辨率层序地层格架内的沉积微相展布图,阐明了其演化规律并建立沉积模式。研究表明：泉四段整体为一长期上升半旋回,内部分出7个短期基准面旋回(SSC1-SSC7),主要发育三角洲平原、前缘2种亚相,进一步分为(水下)分流河道、(水下)决口扇、天然堤等多种微相。7个短期旋回中,SSC1至SSC2基准面缓慢上升,发育上升为主的不完全对称旋回;SSC3至SSC4基准面迅速上升,发育对称旋回和上升为主的不完全对称旋回;SSC5至SSC7基准面上升至最高,发育上升为主的不完全对称旋回。沉积相展布受基准面升降变化控制明显,泉四段自下而上经历了三角洲平原-平原、前缘过渡-三角洲前缘,局部浅湖的演化过程,整体为一次水体由浅变深的湖侵过程。     

Stratigraphy and tectonics of a time-transgressive ophiolite obduction onto the eastern margin of the Pelagonian platform from Late Bathonian until Valanginian time,exemplified in northern Evvoia,Greece

The obduction of an ophiolite sheet onto the eastern Pelagonian carbonate platform complex of the Hellenides began during the Late Bathonian and ended with the final emplacement of the ophiolite during Valanginian time. The early stages of obduction caused subaerial exposure of the platform, recorded by an unconformity of Callovian age, which is marked by laterites overlying folded and faulted, karstic substrates. The laterites have distinct ophiolitic geochemical signatures, indicating that emergent ophiolite had been undergoing lateritic weathering. This unconformity coincides with widespread western Tethyan, Callovian gaps, indicating that the obduction in the Hellenides was probably related to far-reaching plate tectonic processes. Resumed gravitational pull and rollback of the subducted, oceanic leading edge of the temporarily exposed ophiolite. Platform drowning continued into Tithonian–Valanginian time, documented initially by reefal carbonates and then by below-CCD, carbonate-free radiolarian cherts and shales. Subsequently, siliciclastic turbidites, which apparently originated from uplifted Variscan basement, were deposited together with and over the radiolarite as the ophiolite nappe sheet advanced. The nappe substrate underwent tectonic deformations of varying intensity, while polymictic mélange and syntectonic sedimentary debris accreted beneath the ophiolite and at the nappe front. The provenience of the ophiolite nappe complexes of northern Evvoia most probably has to be looked for in the Vardar ocean.     

环境损害鉴定评估的土壤基线确定方法

近年来,国内环境污染事故频繁发生,由此引发的环境损害问题日益严重。环境损害鉴定评估是中国推行的一项应对环境污染损害的重要环保举措,而基线则是确定损害的关键。基线确定作为损害评估与修复的重要组成部分,是科学评估的关键技术环节和重要前提,也是中国开展环境损害鉴定评估亟待解决的问题。总结国际上常用的4种基线确定方法：即历史数据法、参考点位法、环境标准法和模型推算法的优缺点及应用情况,探讨不同基线确定方法的具体工作步骤,并结合中国土壤环境研究工作积累与进展,提出中国土壤基线确定基本原则和推荐“4步法”工作程序,对中国开展土壤环境损害鉴定评估工作具有重要的理论意义和科学指导作用。     

Consistent seasonal snow cover depth and duration variability over the Western Himalayas (WH)

Precipitation in solid form, i.e., snow, during winter season over the Western Himalayas (WH) leads to the build-up of seasonal snow cover. Seasonal snow cover build-up (snow cover depth and duration) largely depends on atmospheric variables such as temperature, precipitation, radiation, wind, etc. Integrated (combined) influence of atmospheric variables on seasonal snow cover gets reflected in terms of spatial and temporal variability in seasonal snow cover build-up pattern. Hence spatial and temporal variability of seasonal snow cover build-up can serve as a good indicator of climate change in high altitude mountainous regions like the WH. Consistent seasonal snow cover depth and duration, delay days and early melt days of consistent seasonal snow cover at 11 stations spread across different mountain ranges over the WH were analyzed. Mean, maximum and percentiles (25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th) of consistent seasonal snow cover depth and duration show decline over the WH in the recent past 2–3 decades. Consistent seasonal snow cover is found to melt early and snow cover build-up pattern is found to show changes over the WH. Decline in consistent seasonal snow cover depth, duration and changing snow cover build-up pattern over the WH in recent decades indicate that WH has undergone considerable climate change and winter weather patterns are changing in the WH.     

Natural environment suitability for human settlements in China based on GIS

With the degeneration of environment and acceleration of urbanization,human environment has attracted great attention worldwide.This paper sets up the Human Settlements Environment Index(HEI) model and evaluates the natural environment suitability for Human Settlements in China based on GIS technology.The results show that the HEI of China decreases from southeast to northwest in general,HEI is significantly correlated with population density at grid size and the correlation coefficient(r) between them reaches 0.93,which indicates that natural environment suitability for Human Settlements has a significant influence on population distribution.Most people in China mainly concentrate in areas with high natural environment suitability.The total suitable area is 430.47×104 km2,which accounts for nearly 45% of the total land area in China,while the proportion of people living in the area reaches 96.56%.With a population density of 18 people per square kilometer,the critical area is the transitional region for people to live in China.The critical area covers 225.11×104 km2 with a population of 41.12 million.The non-suitable area covers 304.42×104 km2 with a population of only 2.49 million.     

Evaluation ofCitrullus colocynthis, a desert plant native in Israel, as a potential source of edible oil

Citrulus colocynthis(wild gourd) is a desert plant of the Cucurbitaceae, naturally adapted to arid environments. It was known in biblical times as a source of seed oil and its fruits were used as an efficient laxative. Accessions were collected in Israel and evaluated as a potential oil seed crop adapted to arid zones. It was found that its oil composition is similar to safflower oil, with a total of 80-85% unsaturated fatty acids. A potential yield of oil of 250-400 l ha⁻¹was calculated. The best yield was obtained during the first 4 weeks of the 10-week maturation period. Yield potential should be estimated under desert conditions in order to evaluate the plant's economic future as a crop suitable for an arid environment.