湖北省潮汐形变观测异常及干扰识别

对2003—2013年湖北省数字化定点形变潮汐观测中的突跳、阶变、震颤等异常的分析发现,气象因素对形变潮汐观测的影响复杂:1)不同气压场控制影响形变观测的异常形态不同,但响应频率一致;2)台风对形变观测的秒值和分钟值数据在1～4秒和2～4分钟较高频段均有响应;3)台址条件不同,降雨对形变观测产生的畸变影响不同。影响范围一般在0～全日波频段且存在较大的噪声;4)短时大气温度变化对形变观测有一定影响,会使曲线发生抖动或暂态波动,在64～128分钟和128～256分钟较低频段上有响应。水库冲沙、水库蓄水、土石开挖等环境荷载变化对分钟值观测曲线产生明显阶跃、抖动型实时畸变。人员进洞、施工、仪器标定检修等人为活动对观测曲线的影响可直接识别。     

Arsenic removal from Pinctada martensii enzymatic hydrolysate by using Zr(IV)-loaded chelating resin

The present study investigated the removal of inorganic arsenic from Pinctada martensii enzymatic hydrolysate through unmodified resin (D296) and Zr(IV)-loaded chelating resin (Zr-D401). By loading Zr to macroporous chelating resin D401, the as exchange adsorption active sites are generated. This transforms D401 from a material that does not have the arsenic adsorption capacity into a material that has excellent arsenic exchange adsorption capacity. The static adsorption experiments were conducted to investigate the optimal removal condition for D296 and Zr-D401. The experimental results show that: the optimum condition for D296 is that T= 25°C, pH = 5, resin additive amount = 1 g (50 mL)^?1, and contact time = 10 h, the corresponding arsenic removal rate being 65.7%, and protein loss being 2.33%; the optimum condition for Zr-D401 is that T=25°C, pH = 8, resin additive amount = 1 g (50 mL)^?1, and contact time=10 h, the corresponding arsenic removal rate being 70.3%, and protein loss being 4.65%. These results show that both of the two resins are effective in arsenic removal for preserving useful substance. Our research provides scientific evidence and advances in the processing technology for heavy metal removal in shellfish.     

Distribution and controlling factors of phytoplankton assemblages in a semi-enclosed bay during spring and summer

The phytoplankton assemblages' patterns and their correlation to environmental factors were studied in Bohai Bay during spring and summer. Two zones, the northern (NWA) and southern (SWA) water area, were identified by cluster analysis based on their physical and chemical properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that more phytoplankton species was found in the SWA with low nutrient concentration, while high phytoplankton abundance occurred in the NWA with high nutrient concentration. The seasonal variability in phytoplankton can be explained by water temperature, nutrient, and hydrodynamic conditions (includes mixing during spring and stratification during summer). Results of redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that silicate (SiO(4)) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were the most important environmental factors influencing the phytoplankton distribution during spring and summer, respectively. Hydrodynamics condition plays a key role in controlling variation of the environmental factors, which determined phytoplankton distribution in Bohai Bay.     

大庆地震台网近震震级偏差分析与校正

选取大庆地震台网2002-2009年近震报告资料,以《黑龙江省地震目录》给出的震级为标准,进行震级偏差统计.按地区分段校正后,震级精度明显提高.     

浅谈地震灾害符号体系构建的理论框架

地震灾害符号的研究已经成为地震应急工作的一项重要内容,本文借助于符号学及传播学的方法论,在分析地震灾害符号的符号学内涵、使用人群和传播内容的基础上,探讨了地震灾害符号体系的特点及构建原则。地震本身的特殊性和破坏性决定了地震灾害符号体系的特殊性和时间性,本文在遵循实用性、主次性及概括性三个原则的前提下,提出了一套地震灾害符号体系构建的理论框架,可为地震灾害符号体系的构建和深入研究提供参考。     

滇西芒棒盆地芒棒组碳质粉砂岩的工程地质特性

滇西芒棒盆地是在上新世喜山运动后期高黎贡山强烈隆升过程中形成的近SN向的断陷盆地,在盆地内发育芒棒组碳质粉砂岩等半成岩,规划建设中的中缅公路保山-腾冲高速公路段从该套地层中通过。野外调查发现：该套碳质粉砂岩具有成岩差、易崩解、结构性强等特性,容易引发边坡失稳、隧洞围岩冒顶等工程地质问题。室内试验测试表明：该类岩石具有天然含水量高、孔隙度大、低膨胀性和有机质含量高等特点。由于有机质的胶结作用,天然岩体和干燥岩块浸水后的性状显著不同,岩体干燥后具有水稳性增强和膨胀势降低的特性。结合典型工程实例,开展了原位直接剪切试验。试验结果表明:碳质粉砂岩具有抗剪强度较高、峰残降差小等特点,是该类地层中大型不稳定斜坡体和蠕滑型滑坡发育的主要因素之一。     

全球碳排放空间约束条件下美国退出《巴黎协定》对中欧日碳排放空间和减排成本的影响

应用全球多部门、多区域动态可计算一般均衡（CGE）模型,采用情景分析方法,评估美国退出《巴黎协定》后,由于其碳排放路径的变化对国际气候谈判中的3个重要谈判方中国、欧盟和日本实现国家自主贡献（NDC）和2℃目标情景下碳排放空间和减排成本的影响。结果表明：在全球碳排放固定且分配方式固定的条件下,美国不同程度的退约将为自身获得较大的碳排放空间,同时挤压其他地区,包括中国、欧盟和日本实现NDC和2℃目标的碳排放空间,将推高中国、欧盟和日本实现NDC和2℃目标的碳价。2030年,2℃目标下中国碳价的升幅将达4.4~14.6美元/t,欧盟为9.7~35.4美元/t,日本为16.0~53.5美元/t。同时将增加中国、欧盟和日本等其他国家和地区的GDP损失。2030年,2℃目标下中国GDP损失的升幅将达220.0亿~711.0亿美元（相当于16.4~53.1美元/人）,欧盟为93.5亿~321.4亿美元（相当于20.7~71.1美元/人）,日本为41.3亿~134.5亿美元（相当于34.3~111.7美元/人）。     

Petrogenesis and metallogenic potential of the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province,South China: insights from SHRIMP zircon geochronology,geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopes of the Huangbaikeng ore-bearing porphyries

The northwest Zhejiang Province is a key domain for providing deep insight into the crust–mantle interaction and tectonic evolution of the South China block. In this paper, we collect geochemical, geochronological, and isotopic data of the Jurassic porphyries in this region, and investigated the Huangbaikeng ore-bearing porphyry in the Tongcun Mo–Cu deposit, using it as an example to uncover the porphyry petrogenesis and evaluate their metallogenic potential. Two varieties of the Huangbaikeng porphyry were distinguished: the medium- to coarse-grained type and medium- to fine-grained type. Zircon Sensitive High-Resolution Ion Microprobe U–Pb dating indicates that they were emplaced at 161.8 ± 2.8 and 162.7 ± 3.5 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with the molybdenite Re–Os ages of 163.9–161.8 Ma. The inherited zircons age spectrum significantly recorded a series of geological events, for example, assembly and breakup of the Columbia and Rodinia supercontinent, and the Triassic collision of Yangtze and North China blocks. Whole rock Sr–Nd and Jurassic zircon Hf isotopic data yield mostly negative ε_Hf(t) values (0.5 to ?8.4) and ε_Nd(t) values (?0.79 to ?4.82). Besides the Huangbaikeng porphyry, all the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province have a wide range of SiO₂ contents (76.78–60.91 wt.%). They do not contain typical aluminous minerals (e.g. cordierite and garnet), and are mainly metaluminous to weakly peraluminous with high Na₂O, low FeO^T/MgO, and Zr + Nb + Ce + Y concentrations in composition. They thus fit the I-type granite definition. Some major and trace elements show strong correlations with SiO₂, possibly indicating extensive fractional crystallization during their magma evolution. Tectonic discriminations imply that these plutons were likely formed in a volcanic arc regime possibly related to subduction of the Palaeo-Pacific plate. Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data suggest a mixed source of the Mesoproterozoic crust and 30–50% mantle components. Compared with the adjacent Dexing Cu-bearing porphyies, which have more positive ε_Hf(t) and ε_Nd(t) values with more significant mantle components (55–70%), the Jurassic porphyries in the northwest Zhejiang Province probably lack metallogenic potential to form a giant porphyry copper deposit as Dexing.     

岱崮地貌的基本特征、成因和演化

岱崮地貌是一种寒武系碎屑岩之上的平顶灰岩地貌,为中国五大地貌之一,对其研究具有地质学、古地理环境等科学意义。本文通过野外地质调查及室内研究,分析研究了岱崮地貌的特征、成因和演化,得出以下结论：1） 岱崮镇的崮主体呈NW向展布,由崮体和崮基组成。崮体包括崮顶、崮腰和崮底,崮顶为灰岩,崮腰和崮底以碎屑岩为主,崮基为前寒武系岩浆岩或太古宇泰山群;2） 近水平岩层是岱崮地貌发育的基础;3） NNW向、NW向和近EW向断层是岱崮地貌形成的根本因素,NW向和NE 向节理是主控因素,控制了岱崮地貌的走向、密度;4） 岱崮地貌古生代以来经历了多个时期的演化,经过加里东运动、海西运动和印支运动留存的寒武系-中奥陶统、上石炭统-二叠系是岱崮地貌形成的基础,燕山期中侏罗世末-晚侏罗世（162～149.8 Ma）、白垩纪（140～90 Ma）及喜马拉雅早期（65～43 Ma）产生的断层及节理是岱崮地。     

Loading Rate Dependence of Tensile Strength Anisotropy of Barre Granite

Granitic rocks usually exhibit strongly anisotropy due to pre-existing microcracks induced by long-term geological loadings. The understanding of the rock anisotropy in mechanical properties is critical to a variety of rock engineering applications. In this paper, Brazilian tests are conducted statically with a material testing machine and dynamically with a split Hopkinson pressure bar system to measure both static and dynamic tensile strength of Barre granite. To understand the anisotropy in tensile strength, samples are cored and labelled using the three principle directions of Barre granite to form six sample groups. For dynamic tests, a pulse shaping technique is used to achieve dynamic equilibrium in the samples during the dynamic test. The finite element method is then implemented to formulate equations that relate the failure load to the material tensile strength by employing an orthotropic elastic material model. For samples in the same orientation group, the tensile strength shows clear loading rate dependence. The tensile strengths also exhibit clear anisotropy under static loading while the anisotropy diminishes as the loading rate increases, which may be due to the interaction of pre-existing microcracks.