日本鬼鲉不同组织的8 种同工酶谱

采用垂直聚丙烯酰胺平板电泳技术,对象山港野生日本鬼鲉(Inimicus japonicus)的9种组织器官的8种同工酶进行研究,并分析了其酶谱表型。结果表明,琥珀酸脱氢酶(Succinatedehydrogenase,简称SuDH)在所有组织中均存在,组织间差异较小;乳酸脱氢酶(Lactic dehydrogenase,简称LDH)、苹果酸脱氢酶((Malate dehydrogenase,简称MDH)、苹果酸酶(Malic enzyme,简称ME)、酯酶(Esterase,简称EST)、醇脱氢酶(Alcoholdehydrogenase,简称ADH)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,简称POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,简称SOD)则具有明显的组织特异性,且这些酶在表型、分布和活性上均表现出高度的组织特异性。     

真江蓠杭州湾海域栽培试验及生态因子对藻体生长的影响

在杭州湾上海金山海域进行了真江蓠(Gracilaria verrucosa)栽培试验并在实验室内研究了温度、盐度和光照强度对真江蓠生长的影响。结果表明,温度、盐度和光照强度对真江蓠的生长影响极显著(P0.01)。真江蓠生长适宜温度为20~30℃;适宜盐度为15~25;适宜光照强度在90μmol/(m2.s)左右。温度、盐度和光照强度对真江蓠生长存在显著的交互效应(P0.05),三者的最佳组合为温度25℃、盐度20和光照强度90μmol/(m2.s)。海区栽培实验表明真江蓠可在杭州湾海域正常生长,全年平均特定生长率(RSG)为9.42%/d。     

胶州湾海域营养状况研究

根据2000～2009年胶州湾海水监测资料,选用单项指标分析和富营养化指数法,对胶州湾海域以及主要河口区营养水平进行评价。结果表明,胶州湾水质较差,无机氮严重超标,N/P值为62.7,呈现高N低P状况,整个海域呈中度-重度富营养状态。主要河口海域无机氮(IN)严重超标,富营养化程度高,其中墨水河口为严重富营养,楼山河口为重度富营养。     

海平面上升对河北黄骅台风风暴潮漫滩影响的数值研究

基于河北省黄骅地区的风暴潮漫滩灾害风险评估模型,利用成熟的业务化台风风暴潮数值预报模式、100m分辨率的风暴潮漫滩数值模式,以及该地区的海平面上升和地面沉降结果数据,对台风登陆地点、路径、方向进行科学组合,利用各种组合参数条件进行数值计算,得到了995、985、975、965hPa四种台风强度下,海平面上升对风暴潮漫滩的影响。在相对海平面上升50cm和100cm情况下,四种台风强度的风暴潮平均最大漫滩面积分别增加了约35%和86%;台风强度中等,即985或975hPa时,风暴潮最大漫滩面积的增加更为显著。研究表明,海平面上升对该地区的漫滩影响非常明显,有效防范风暴潮灾害的同时,在气候变化的大背景下,应进一步研究和提出应对海平面上升的长效防治措施。     

青蛤POD组织差异及温度骤升和窒息胁迫对青蛤POD的影响

研究了青蛤肝胰腺、鳃瓣、斧足、外套膜组织中过氧化物酶(POD)组织差异以及温度骤升和窒息胁迫对青蛤POD酶活的影响。结果表明:水温16℃和温度骤升至32℃环境下青蛤POD酶活性均存在不同程度的组织差异性,且以肝胰腺中的POD活性最高,而斧足最低。水温16℃环境下青蛤的肝胰腺、斧足、外套膜和鳃瓣这4个组织之间的POD酶活力除外套膜和鳃瓣无显著差异外,其余均存在明显的组织差异(P0.05),其中肝胰腺的POD酶活最高1.68±0.08U-mg-1,其次为鳃瓣、外套膜,而斧足中的POD活力最低0.19±0.02U-mg-1。同时温度骤升胁迫对青蛤的POD也有显著的影响,在瞬时32℃高温下5h时肝胰腺的POD酶活达到最大值3.85±0.06U-mg-1,11h时出现第二峰值3.47±0.22U-mg-1,15h后POD值达到处理前水平并逐渐趋于稳定;在窒息环境胁迫下肝胰腺的POD酶活在15h内变化无显著变化,与对照组水平接近,15h-17h酶活显著升高,17h达到最大值2.98±0.54U-mg-1,之后又恢复到对照组水平。     

光谱和体重对刺参耗氧率和排氨率的影响

实验采用室内受控的方法,研究了不同光色下,大(73.32±1.73) g、中(46.71±0.15) g和小(25.67±0.25) g 3种规格刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的耗氧率和排氨率的变化.实验采用红、橙、黄、绿、蓝色和对照组(白色)6种光照处理.研究结果表明:光谱对刺参的耗氧率和排氨率均有显著性影响(P<0.05),3种规格刺参的耗氧率趋势相同:白色＞红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色＞橙色;3种规格刺参的排氨率有相似的变化趋势:白色＞红色＞橙色、绿色、黄色、蓝色.刺参的体重与单位体重耗氧率及排氨率之间的回归关系均可以表示为R=aW~b,耗氧率a值在0.005 9～0.012 1之间,b值范围是1.119 7～1.214 6,排氨率a值的变动范围为0.004 2～0.02,b值的变动范围为0.455 3～0.867 8.这说明光谱对刺参的耗氧率和排氨率有显著性的影响,丰富了刺参的基础研究,对于刺参养殖生产有一定的指导意义.     

青岛仿刺参中3种海参皂苷的分离纯化及结构鉴定

对青岛产仿刺参体内皂苷类成分进行分离及结构鉴定,确定其皂苷的主要组成及比例。应用大孔树脂,正相硅胶柱层析和半制备型HPLC对青岛产仿刺参体内的皂苷成分进行分离纯化,根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据鉴定其结构。共分离并鉴定3种三萜皂苷类化合物,分别为Cladoloside B(1),Holotoxin A1(2)和Holotoxin B1(3)。青岛海域仿刺参体内的皂苷组成主要为Cladoloside B(1),Holotoxin A1(2)和Holotoxin B1(3),比例约为1∶4.5∶1.7。     

Internet和ZigBee在机器人远程控制中的应用

给出移动机器人远程控制中的设计方案,运用Internet远程网络传输和ZigBee近程无线传输技术联合通信,采用服务器/客户端模式,使人可以通过网络发送机器人控制指令;另外通过ZigBee技术,使机器人的移动范围大大增加。实际结果表明,两者联合应用,可有效提高机器人的被控距离和活动范围。     

湖南省似大地水准面2017模型及精度分析

利用近7万个湖南及邻近省份重力观测数据、502个GNSS/水准控制点及数字高程模型,以EIGEN-6C4全球重力场模型作参考重力场,采用顾及地球曲率影响的各类地形质量位及引力的第二类Helmert凝集法严密算法,利用高分辨率地形数据恢复甚短波扰动重力场,确定空间分辨率2′×2′的高精度湖南省似大地水准面模型（HNGG2017）。经外部检核,模型整体精度均优于±0.022 m。与历史模型相比,新模型在湖南北部常德汉寿、西南部永州江永等地区精度得到显著改善。     

Effects of Salinity Fluctuation Frequency on the Growth, Molting Rate and Hemolymph 20-Hydroxyecdysone Concentration in Juvenile Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis

This experiment was conducted to examine the effects of salinity fluctuation frequency on the growth, molting rate and hemolymph 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) concentration for juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis with an initial wet body weight of 1.115 g±0.012 g. The salinity of the control treatment (represented by D0) was 28 throughout the experiment, whereas treatments D2,D4, D6 and D8 were subjected to different salinity fluctuation frequencies of 2, 4, 6 and 8d, respectively. The range of salinity fluctuation was 4. The salinity in treatments D2, D4, D6 and D8 was kept at 28 for 2, 4, 6 and 8d, respectively; each original salinity was decreased abruptly to salinity 24, which first lasted for another 2d and was then raised to its initial value 28. This constituted a salinity fluctuation cycle and afterwards the cycle repeated. It was found that: 1) The weight gain of shrimp in treatment D4 was 202.9% and significantly higher than that in treatment D0 (P<0.05). The molting rate in treatment D2 was the lowest, while that in treatment D6 was the highest and significantly higher than those in treatments D0 and D2 (P<0.05). 2) The hemolymph 20-HE concentration of shrimps in all treatments was at low levels and increased first gradually during the inter-molt period and then increased sharply. It reached a peak value during the pre-molt stage, and then decreased abruptly during the post-molt stage when the lowest level occurred. 3) During the post-molt stage, the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D2 was 7.47pgμL-1 and significantly higher than that in treatment D0(P<0.05). There were, however, no significant differences in hemolymph 20-HE concentration among all five treatments during the inter-molt stage (P>0.05). During the pre-molt stage, the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D6 was significantly higher than that in treatment D0(P<0.05), whereas the hemolymph 20-HE concentration in treatment D2 was significantly lower than that in other treatments (P<0.05). Adequate salinity fluctuation promoted the molting rate through increasing hemolymph 20-HE concentration at the pre-molt stage.