次声波在海啸灾害预警中的应用探讨

介绍了次声波的基本物理概念和次声波的传播特性,概述了次声波的研究现状,提出了利用次声波来预警海啸灾害的建议,并对其可行性进行了分析。     

粉喷桩的应用研究综述

粉喷桩具有低污染、低噪音、有效实用、施工简便快捷、施工工期短、技术效果好和费用底等特点而受到普遍关注,但其也存在一定的不足。本文分析了粉喷桩在工程中应用的研究现状,介绍了粉喷桩与其他工程措施相结合的实例,并对以后的研究方向提出了看法。     

贝类净化技术研究现状与展望

随着养殖水域环境问题日益凸显,贝类食品安全问题越来越受到重视,贝类在进入流通环节前进行净化将成为不可缺少的处理环节.本文从贝类净化工艺类型、净化用水处理技术,以及贝类净化对风味的影响等方面对当前国内外研究进展进行了总结梳理,并提出下一步贝类净化应重点解决的问题,为深入开展贝类净化相关研究提供参考.     

Water, organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus contents in sediment of a large-scale mariculture area in the Zhelin Bay of eastern Guangdong Province, China

The Zhelin Bay is one of the most important bays for large-scale mariculture in Guangdong Province, China. Owing to the increasing human population and the expanding mariculture in the last two decades, the ecological environment has greatly changed with frequent harmful algal blooms. A monthly survey of water content, organic matter （TOM）, and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorous in sediment from July 2002 to July 2003 in the bay was conducted. The results showed that the water content was correlated significantly with TOM and various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus and can be used as proxy for quick and rough estimate of these factors in the future surveys. TOM was also correlated significantly with various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus, indicating that it was one of the key factors affecting the concentrations and distributions of nitrogen and phosphorus in the investigated waters. Average total Kjeldhal nitrogen （TkN） content was（ 1 113.1 ± 382.5）μg/g and average total phosphorus （TP） content was（567.2± 223.3）μg/g, and both were much higher than those of similar estuaries in China and elsewhere. Average nitrogen and phosphorus tended to be higher inside than outside the bay, higher at aquaculture than non-aquaculture areas, and higher at fish-cage culture than oyster culture areas, suggesting that large-scale mariculture inside the bay played an important role in the eutrophication of the Zhelin Bay. Various forms of nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were higher during the warm season （July--September）, which was due to the increased decomposition and concentration of organic matter resulted from the fast growth and high mortality of the cultured species. Compared with July 2002, TkN and TP contents were much higher in July 2003, in consonance with the eutrophication of the Zhelin Bay. Because exchangeable phosphorus （Ex-P）, iron-bounded phos- phorus （Fe-P） and organic phosphorus （OP） combined accounted for 34.3% of the TP and authigenic phosphorus （Au-P     

南海北部白云大型海底滑坡的几何形态与变形特征

利用二维、三维地震资料,结合多波束水深测量,在南海北部白云凹陷发现大型海底滑坡。白云大型海底滑坡可分为滑坡根部、滑坡主体和滑坡前缘3个主要部分,广泛发育滑坡陡壁、滑塌沟谷、滑移面、滑坡台阶等典型滑坡地貌。地震相特征表现为楔状弱振幅杂乱地震相,块状平行或渡状弱振幅中连续地震相,席状亚平行／波状弱振幅连续地震相,谷状水平充填中振幅、中连续地震相和丘状／透镜体状前积地震相等5种典型地震相特征。初步估算白云海底滑坡范围约为13000km2,滑坡分布受地形和海底沉积物岩性控制,晚期活动在中更新世。白云大型海底滑坡位于深水油气和天然气水合物的富集区,对油气和天然气水合物成藏作用和勘探开发具有重要的影响。     

微微型浮游植物的生态学研究进展

自1979年聚球藻(Synechococcus)被发现以来,对以前为人们知之甚少的微微型(粒径<2μm)、超微型(粒径<5μm)浮游植物的研究逐渐形成并日益发展起来,并成为当前海洋生态学研究的热点之一。到目前为止,这类广布于各种水体中的微小生物可分为聚球藻、原绿球藻(Prochlorococcus)和微微型真核浮游植物(eukaryotic picophyPlankton)3大类。     

宽壳全海笋的染色体核型分析

以宽壳全海笋担轮幼虫为材料,采用热滴片法进行染色体核型分析.结果表明:宽壳全海笋二倍体染色体数目为2n=38,染色体臂数(NF)=70,核型公式为24m 8sm 6st,未发现性染色体和随体.与海螂目另一物种砂海螂相比,二倍体染色体数目多4条,亚端部着丝粒染色体(st)多6条,核型比砂海螂更具不对称,推测宽壳全海笋较砂海螂原始.     

福建东山岛附近海域造礁石珊瑚共生藻的分子系统分类和遗传多样性研究

本研究利用核糖体大亚基5'端序列PCR-RFLP以及转录单元内间隔区(Internal TranlsclqIbed Sppacer,rrS)序列分析相结合的方法,首次对福建东山岛附近海域3种优势种类造礁石珊瑚共生藻进行了分子系统分类和遗传多样性研究.PCR-RFLP分析发现东山岛附近海域3种优势种类造礁石珊瑚共生藻都属于C系群共生藻,而ITS序列的序列分析结果表明东山岛附近海域3种优势种类造礁石珊瑚共生藻都属于C1亚系群.研究结果表明ITS序列进化速度快,适合于造礁石珊瑚共生藻属亚系群水平的鉴定.而东山岛附近海域造礁石珊瑚共生藻的多样性低,暗示东山岛附近海域造礁石珊瑚共生藻共生系统面对外界环境压力的适应能力较低.     

虫黄藻的分类和遗传多样性研究进展

综述了虫黄藻的分类研究,其中与造礁石珊瑚共生的虫黄藻主要是共生藻属(Symbiodinium)的种类,重点概述了共生藻的分类和遗传多样性研究进展,特别综述了分子生物学技术在造礁石珊瑚共生藻的分类和遗传多样性方面的研究近况,并对未来共生藻的分类和遗传多样性研究作了展望.目前多采用分子生物学手段进行共生藻的分类和遗传多样性研究,PCR-RFLP是解决共生藻系群水平分类的有效分子标记,而DNA序列分析是目前进行共生藻分子进化和系统发育研究最有效的方法.目前应用于共生藻分子系统发生研究的DNA信息主要为核糖体RNA.对共生藻进行分类和遗传多样性研究,将有助于理解造礁石珊瑚共生藻共生系统对外界环境变化的生态响应机制.