Assessing the Health of Inland Wetland Ecosystems over Space and Time in China

Wetland is a unique natural landscape pattern, which provides a variety of important functions and services for human societies. With the rapid develop of the economy and accelerated urbanization, the inland wetlands are faced with series of problems, including reduced area, weakened wetland functions, and deterioration of the wetland ecosystem environment. Therefore, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the ecological health of China’s inland wetlands, which is key to the sustainable development of ecosystems. However, most assessments of wetland ecosystems only examine single wetlands or watershed wetlands, and there are few assessments of wetland health at the national level. In this paper, based on land cover data, climate data, and social and economic data, an assessment system of inland wetland health is established by using the Pressure-State-Effect-Response (PSER) model, which includes 15 assessment indicators. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to define the indicator weights. Then we assessed the ecosystem health of the inland wetlands of China in 2010 and 2018, which produced three main results. (1) Unlike ecosystem health evaluated by administrative districts, wetland ecosystem health (WEH) evaluation based on the grid could provide additional details of wetland health. (2) The area of inland wetlands increased by 16328 km ² in 2018 compared to 2010, and the average wetland ecosystem health index in 2018 was 3.45, compared to an index value of 3.24 in 2010. (3) In 2018, wetlands in the better, good, moderate and poor conditions represented about 26.3%, 46.4%, 26.9% and 0.5% of the total, respectively. These results provide a practical guide for protecting and managing wetland system resources and reliable information for land use planning and development.     

生态建设15年黄土高原生态足迹时空变化

作为典型生态脆弱区和重点土壤保持功能区,黄土高原自20世纪80年代以来进行了一系列重大生态工程建设,力图改善脆弱的生态环境。这些重点工程在短期内是否从根本上改善了其生态安全状况是亟待理解的一个科学问题。基于生态足迹思想与方法,定量分析了1995年、2000年和2010年三个阶段15年间黄土高原生态足迹和承载力的时空变化。结果表明：① 1995-2010年15年间黄土高原承载力小于生态足迹,总体上处于生态赤字状态。② 黄土高原人均承载力呈现明显的空间异质性,1995-2010年高值区在中北部,其他区域为低值区,由东向西递减;人均生态足迹自东南向西北递增。③ 生态压力指数从1995年的1.059上升到2000年1.165,增幅较小,2010年上升为2.181,高原整体上处于生态赤字状态。     

基于描述方法的地图符号表达及实现

论文以图形视觉变量以及BNF为理论,采用纯文本方式对点、线、面符号进行描述、组织,提出了一套地图符号库描述规则,该规则应用与软件平台无关,可以跨平台共享地图符号资源,提高系统的建设效率,并以1:50000地形图图式为例进行了符号的绘制与使用。     

济宁矿区BJ-54至WGS-84坐标转换模型改进及精度分析

坐标转换是GPS技术在大地测量中应用的重要内容。在用局部区域的GPS控制网数据处理求解三维坐标转换模型的转换参数时,平移参数病态问题比较严重。在介绍布尔萨模型的基础上,提出了一种改进方案,并结合济宁矿区坐标转换数据对布尔萨模型和改进模型所求七参数进行了精度分析。分析表明：该改进模型能有效改善病态问题,也对现在地方坐标系向2000国家大地坐标系进行转化提供了一个方法,具有一定的实用价值。     

L2C监测跟踪网信噪比SNR数据质量分析

本文从L2C监测跟踪网的数据出发,分析了其中六个监测站的信噪比(SNR)数据。首先分析了未调制L2C码卫星的L1载波和L2载波的信噪比,得出此时的L2的信噪比数值相对较小(L1载波的信噪比均值与L2的信噪比均值差异最大为19.1dB)且稳定性较差;随后分析了调制有L2C码的卫星的L1载波和L2载波的信噪比,得出现代化后的L2载波信噪比与L1载波的信噪比基本一致(两个信噪比之差基本上在5dB左右);进而得出结论:调制有L2C码的L2载波具有更好的数据稳定性和抗干扰能力,且具有易于捕获的特点。     

利用GPS速度场估算青藏高原地壳韧性层等效粘滞系数分布的研究

本文将青藏高原及周边区域地壳分为脆性层和韧性层,并假定脆性层地壳近似弹性,韧性层为粘弹性层。利用GPS水平速度场计算了地面应变场,推导了地壳内部作用力在不同点产生应变率之间的关系公式。利用稳态热传导方程估算了地壳内部温度场,利用破裂强度和蠕变强度相等估算了脆性-韧性转换面。并进一步估算了青藏高原地壳不同深度的粘滞系数分布。结果表明,青藏高原及周边区域脆性-韧性转换面一般位于中地壳,深度分布在22~37km之间,地壳较厚的区域转换层也较深;韧性层内粘滞系数分布,在中地壳约为 ,下地壳约为 ,Moho面则降至 。关键词：脆性-韧性转换层 温度场 应变率 等效粘滞系数     

丽江盆地生态环境要素遥感分析

以Landsat-7ETM+数据为信息源,通过"人机交互式"解译方法,对丽江盆地水系、植被、地貌及断裂构造等生态环境要素进行遥感解译和分析,提出了丽江盆地生态环境改善的措施.     

The Performance of Dual-Frequency Polarimetric Scatterometer in Sea Surface Wind Retrieval

The wind retrieval performance of HY-2 A scanning scatterometer operating at Ku-band in HH and VV polarizations has been well evaluated in the wind speed range of 0–25 m s-1. In order to obtain more accurate ocean wind field, a potential extension of dual-frequency(C-band and Ku-band) polarimetric measurements is investigated for both low and very high wind speeds, from 5 to 45 m s-1. Based on the geophysical model functions of C-band and Ku-band, the simulation results show that the polarimetric measurements of Ku-band can improve the wind vector retrieval over the entire scatterometer swath, especially in nadir area, with the wind direction root-mean-square error(RMSE) less than 12? in the wind speed range of 5–25 m s-1. Furthermore, the results also show that C-band cross-polarization plays a very important role in improving the wind speed retrieval, with the wind speed retrieval accuracy better than 2 m s-1 for all wind conditions(0–45 m s-1). For extreme winds, the C-band HH backscatter coefficients modeled by CMOD5.N(H) and the ocean co-polarization ratio model at large incidence are used to retrieve sea surface wind vector. This result reveals that there is a big decrease of wind direction retrieval RMSE for extreme wind fields, and the retrieved result of C-band HH polarization is nearly the same as that of C-band VV polarization for low-to-high wind speed(5–25 m s-1). Thus, to improve the wind retrieval for all wind conditions, the dual-frequency polarimetric scatterometer with C-band and Ku-band horizontal polarization in inner beam, and C-band horizontal and Ku-band vertical polarization in outer beam, can be used to measure ocean winds. This study will contribute to the wind retrieval with merged satellites data and the future spaceborne scatterometer.     

热带印度-太平洋浮游有孔虫Pulleniatina obliquiloculata的B/Ca和Cd/Ca指标：次表层海水碳化学参数计算的应用

Pulleniatina obliquiloculata shells from 16 core-top samples from the tropical Indo-Pacific Oceans are analyzed for the ratios of boron and cadmium to calcium(B/Ca and Cd/Ca). The B/Ca ratios show a very weak positive relationship with [B(OH)_4~-] and the dissolved carbonate species at the apparent calcification depth of P.obliquiloculata. The boron partition coefficients(K_D) between P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater[B(OH)_4~-]/[HCO_3~-] distribute around 1.1×10~(-3)-1.3×10~(-3) with a mean value of(1.19±0.12)×10~(-3),and are significantly related to the nutrient concentration, especially phosphate. The lack of any clear correlation between the P. obliquiloculata B/Ca and seawater carbonate chemical parameters suggests that the physiochemical controls on boron incorporation are masked by the complexity of natural seawater condition. But the significant dependence of Ku on nutrient may likely be explained by a nutrient related growth-rate effect. Cd/Ca of P.obliquiloculata shows significant correlation with seawater phosphate concentration, and its partition coefficients(D_(cd)) are significantly related to temperature. A first-principle methodology of P. obliquiloculata B/Ca is applied;with the aid of Cd/Ca as a phosphate proxy and a constraint on K_D, to estimating sea water carbonate chemistry(e.g., pH). The results are fairly promising and allow us to propose the possibility to apply the combination of B/Ca and Cd/Ca proxies(and also Mg/Ca and δ~(18)O for estimating temperature and salinity) for the paleoreconstruction of seawater carbonate chemistry.     

加强海洋科技创新支撑山东海洋强省建设的战略研究

山东加快发展海洋经济、建设海洋强省,是深入贯彻落实习近平总书记经略海洋、建设海洋强国重要指示精神的重要举措,是山东实现两个走在前列、推进新时代现代化强省建设的必由之路。海洋是现代科技的"新战场",建设海洋强省,海洋科技创新是核心关键,也是重要保障。山东海洋科技力量优势明显,但也存在着一些问题和不足,打造山东半岛海洋科技创新中心,提升海洋科技创新能力,完善区域海洋科技创新体系,对于推动海洋经济发展,支撑引领山东新时代海洋强省建设具有重要意义。