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981.
Denuncio P Bastida R Dassis M Giardino G Gerpe M Rodríguez D 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(8):1836-1841
Plastic debris (PD) ingestion was examined in 106 Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) incidentally captured in artisanal fisheries of the northern coast of Argentina. Twenty-eight percent of the dolphins presented PD in their stomach, but no ulcerations or obstructions were recorded in the digestive tracts. PD ingestion was more frequent in estuarine (34.6%) than in marine (19.2%) environments, but the type of debris was similar. Packaging debris (cellophane, bags, and bands) was found in 64.3% of the dolphins, with a lesser proportion (35.7%) ingesting fishery gear fragments (monofilament lines, ropes, and nets) or of unknown sources (25.0%). PD ingestion correlated with ontogenetic changes in feeding regimes, reaching maximum values in recently weaned dolphins. Because a simultaneous increase in gillnet entanglement and the bioaccumulation of heavy metals take place at this stage, the first months after trophic independence should be considered as a key phase for the conservation of Franciscana dolphin stocks in northern Argentina. 相似文献
982.
Johnston EL Marzinelli EM Wood CA Speranza D Bishop JD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(10):2137-2144
Boat harbours are an increasingly common form of artificial habitat. This paper presents a comparative study of contaminants and foulers of a habitat-forming native kelp (Saccharina latissima) in four marinas and four reference locations along the south-west coast of the UK. Fouling of algal laminae was light (<2% cover) in reference locations, while epibiota cover ranged from 25% to 80% of laminae in marinas. Metals associated with antifouling paints were up to six times more concentrated in algal tissues from marinas than from the reference locations. Marinas also carried the greatest cover and diversity of non-indigenous epibiota on the kelp laminae. This indicates not only a potential stress to kelps in these environments, but also the possibility that detached laminae will act as vectors for the dispersal of non-indigenous species. The development of boat harbours creates habitats that are high risk source localities for pollution-tolerant fouling organisms. 相似文献
983.
华北蓟县中、上元古界古地磁研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
本文论述了华北蓟县中、上元古界地层标准剖面古地磁采样及实验室技术,采样地层的磁性特征,多磁成分的分析和测试结果.主要讨论了蓟县中、上元古界地层所代表的古地磁极性、极移路径和古纬度,并与北美大陆及华南(扬子)地块该时期的极移路径进行对比. 相似文献
984.
C. Subarya M. Chlieh L. Prawirodirdjo J. Avouac Y. Bock K. Sieh A.J. Meltzner D.H. Natawidjaja R. McCaffrey 赵京凤 《世界地震译丛》2006,(5):10-19
2004年12月26日的苏门答腊-安达曼地震是自现代空间大地测量和宽频带地震学出现以来发生的第一个巨大地震(矩震级Mw〉9.0)。它为研究这种巨大且罕见的事件的特性提供了前所未有的机会。我们根据在苏门答腊西北部的近场全球定位系统(GPS)的探测结果并结合原地和远处的珊瑚礁垂直运动的观测,对这次事件造成的地表位移进行了估计。结果表明,该地震是由范围长〉1500km、宽〈150km范围内的巽他俯冲巨型逆断层破裂造成的。巨型逆断层在苏门答腊北部的近海滑动超过了20m,大部分的滑动深度不超过30km。对比大地测量学和地震学推断的滑动分布,发现在500秒长破裂发生之后的1.5个月内,断层滑动增加了~30%。在我们再次布设GPS测点之前,有震的和无震的滑动都出现在了巨型逆断层的浅部,那里是亚齐大海啸的源头。滑动在断层东南缘的锡默卢岛之下沿走向突然尖灭,在该处地震成核,并且2002年的晚期在此曾发生过一次Mw=7.2级地震。此外,该边缘也与2005年3月28日Mw=8.7的尼亚斯-锡默卢地震破裂的最北端相邻接。 相似文献
985.
Spatial and temporal distribution of dissolved/dispersed aromatic hydrocarbons in seawater in the area affected by the Prestige oil spill 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
González JJ Viñas L Franco MA Fumega J Soriano JA Grueiro G Muniategui S López-Mahía P Prada D Bayona JM Alzaga R Albaigés J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,53(5-7):250-259
Seawater samples collected at three depths from 68 stations along the Northern Spanish coast were analysed for dissolved/dispersed petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons by UV-fluorescence and for 25 individual compounds by GC-MS. Sampling was performed in December 2002, just after the Prestige oil spill, and in February-March and September 2003. Higher concentrations of total aromatic hydrocarbons were found at all depths in the samples collected during December 2002 off the Galicia coast, with levels ranging between 0.19 and 28.8 microg/L eq. oil (0.1-4.8 microg/L chrysene eq.). These values decreased in the following cruises, till <0.05-2.86 microg/L oil eq. (av. 0.23 microg/L chrysene eq.) in September 2003, possibly representing the background levels for the region. However, in the Cantabrian coast they were still high at the surface in the March cruise, probably by the late arrival of the fuel-oil to this area. Some coastal hot spots were also identified, with values up to 29.2 microg/L fuel-oil eq., close to river mouths and urban areas. The individual PAH distributions in the December 2002 sampling off-Galicia were dominated by alkyl-naphthalene derivatives, consistently with the pattern distribution shown by the fuel-oil water accommodated fraction. The higher concentrations were found in the subsurface samples along the Costa da Morte, the area most heavily affected by the spill (av. 0.46 microg/L Sigma16 PAHs). The rest of the samples collected in other areas exhibited lower concentrations and a more even distribution of 2-4 ring PAHs, that ranged from 0.09 to 0.37 microg/L (av. 0.15 microg/L Sigma16 PAHs), with decreasing trends offshore and downward the water column. In September 2003, the values were rather uniform, averaging 0.09 microg/L (Sigma16 PAHs). 相似文献
986.
Pumping test in a confined aquifer under tidal influence 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In a coastal environment, tide-induced head fluctuations can complicate the interpretation of drawdown data from pumping tests. For confined aquifers and sinusoidal tides, the superposition principle can be used to obtain a closed-form solution. After subtracting the net tidal effects, the drawdown data become amenable to the standard analyses. Numerical simulations have shown that the method is reliable when the distance of the monitoring well to the well does not exceed 10% of the distance between the well and the tidal boundary. 相似文献
987.
General database for ground water site information 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
de Dreuzy JR Bodin J Le Grand H Davy P Boulanger D Battais A Bour O Gouze P Porel G 《Ground water》2006,44(5):743-748
In most cases, analysis and modeling of flow and transport dynamics in ground water systems require long-term, high-quality, and multisource data sets. This paper discusses the structure of a multisite database (the H+ database) developed within the scope of the ERO program (French Environmental Research Observatory, http://www.ore.fr). The database provides an interface between field experimentalists and modelers, which can be used on a daily basis. The database structure enables the storage of a large number of data and data types collected from a given site or multiple-site network. The database is well suited to the integration, backup, and retrieval of data for flow and transport modeling in heterogeneous aquifers. It relies on the definition of standards and uses a templated structure, such that any type of geolocalized data obtained from wells, hydrological stations, and meteorological stations can be handled. New types of platforms other than wells, hydrological stations, and meteorological stations, and new types of experiments and/or parameters could easily be added without modifying the database structure. Thus, we propose that the database structure could be used as a template for designing databases for complex sites. An example application is the H+ database, which gathers data collected from a network of hydrogeological sites associated with the French Environmental Research Observatory. 相似文献
988.
Becker D Minsker B Greenwald R Zhang Y Harre K Yager K Zheng C Peralta R 《Ground water》2006,44(6):864-875
The Department of Defense (DoD) Environmental Security Technology Certification Program and the Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a project to evaluate the benefits and utility of contaminant transport simulation-optimization algorithms against traditional (trial and error) modeling approaches. Three pump-and-treat facilities operated by the DoD were selected for inclusion in the project. Three optimization formulations were developed for each facility and solved independently by three modeling teams (two using simulation-optimization algorithms and one applying trial-and-error methods). The results clearly indicate that simulation-optimization methods are able to search a wider range of well locations and flow rates and identify better solutions than current trial-and-error approaches. The solutions found were 5% to 50% better than those obtained using trial-and-error (measured using optimal objective function values), with an average improvement of approximately 20%. This translated into potential savings ranging from 600,000 dollars to 10,000,000 dollars for the three sites. In nearly all cases, the cost savings easily outweighed the costs of the optimization. To reduce computational requirements, in some cases the simulation-optimization groups applied multiple mathematical algorithms, solved a series of modified subproblems, and/or fit "meta-models" such as neural networks or regression models to replace time-consuming simulation models in the optimization algorithm. The optimal solutions did not account for the uncertainties inherent in the modeling process. This project illustrates that transport simulation-optimization techniques are practical for real problems. However, applying the techniques in an efficient manner requires expertise and should involve iterative modification to the formulations based on interim results. 相似文献
989.
页岩微观结构认识是页岩气勘探开发的基础.传统的探测手段是基于表面的有损观测方法.本文应用上海光源同步辐射技术对页岩结构进行无损探测获取投影数据,该技术可以避免X射线硬化.我们利用X射线计算机断层成像技术进行图像恢复,提出了L1模+TV(全变差)非光滑正则化方法抑制噪声影响,提高图像对比度.实验证明,该方法是准确重建页岩微观结构的有效方法. 相似文献
990.
页岩储层矿物颗粒、孔/裂隙、干酪根等微观结构呈现明显的尺度化分布特征,常规的单结构单尺度随机介质模拟方法难以完整描述和重构微观尺度的页岩储层介质,本文提出了一种微结构-尺度双分解的随机介质模拟方法.基于龙马溪组页岩数字岩心,将岩心切片按照占比分解为脆性矿物、孔隙、干酪根及背景介质四种类型,对脆性矿物、孔隙和干酪根三种微结构进行尺度分解,通过优化随机介质模型参数,实现精确模拟不同尺度的微结构组分,再按占比进行微结构-尺度双合成.结果表明,微结构-尺度双分解随机介质模拟大幅度提高强非均质页岩储层介质的建模精度. 相似文献