Analysis of the spectral response of flourishing-withering vegetation changes based on ground spectral measurements

A structural mode was used to characterize vegetation composition at the plant leaf level and a flourishing-withering ratio was developed. The spectral responses of vegetation with different flourishing-withering ratios were analyzed, the change rates of the chlorophyll and moisture content indices of vegetation with different flourishing-withering ratios were compared, and correlations between the chlorophyll and moisture content indices were analyzed. The results reveal that leaves with an intermediate flourishing-withering ratio can increase the absorption signatures of vegetation and that band ranges of 570–700 nm and 1300–1540 nm can play a role in indicating changes in the flourishing-withering ratios of vegetation; NPQI, NPCI, R₆₉₅/R₄₂₀, R₆₉₅/R₇₆₀, R₇₅₀/R₇₀₀, the peak-value area of red selvedge, the red selvedge amplitude, the ratio between the red selvedge amplitude and the minimum amplitude, and the NDVI of vegetation change regularly with the change in flourishing-withering ratios, and these nine vegetation indices are highly related to the chlorophyll content. Vegetation indexes of NDWI and PRI are very sensitive to the flourishing-withering change in vegetation and are closely related to the moisture content, and the correlation coefficient is higher than 0.9. The derivative of the spectra is more effective in describing changes in the structural mode of vegetation with different flourishing-withering ratios, especially at band ranges of 552–628 nm and 630–686 nm, and it is more sensitive to the mixed flourishing-withering ratios of leaves rather than to the vegetation indices. The red selvedge position in the spectrum is highly related to the chlorophyll content and is not sensitive to changes in the structural mode of mixed flourishing-withering leaves. The red selvedge parameters are sensitive to changes in the flourishing-withering ratio at the peak-value area of the red selvedge amplitude and the ratio between the red selvedge amplitude and the minimum amplitude. The effect of a sand background on the spectrum of withering leaves is higher than that of flourishing leaves; the effect of a sand background increases with increasing proportions of withering leaves, the superposition effect of the sand background on mixed flourishing-withering leaves is about 7% at visible light bands of 400–700 nm and 1300–1540 nm, and is over 10% at the near infrared band range of 700–1300 nm.     

震后趋势决策支持系统PTDSS

介绍了作者研制的“震后趋势决策支持系统PTDSS”的构成及预报效果,该系统使用模糊联想记忆FAM（Fuzzy Associative Menory)模型将神经网络与模糊系统结合起来,使之具有第2代专家系统的学习功能,系统知识库中除存有专家多年来总结的有关地震现场预报的知识外,还通过系统学习得到了一批十分有意义的,目前专家尚未总结的知识,震例检验的结果该系统有较好的预报效果。     

新疆西准噶尔地区晚石炭世洋内俯冲与成矿:来自苏云河钼矿区Ⅰ~#含矿花岗岩体的证据

新疆西准噶尔苏云河地区发育有斑岩型(铜-)钨钼共生矿床,通过对矿区内Ⅰ#含矿岩体进行详细的岩石学、地球化学及锆石U-Pb年代学研究,探讨岩浆起源、构造背景及其成矿意义。结果表明:(1)岩体高Si O2、Al2O3,中等富碱且相对富钠,A/CNK=1.08~1.28,σ=1.52~1.81,属钙碱性(强)过铝质花岗岩;稀土含量较低(∑REE=33.77×10-6~92.91×10-6),轻重稀土分馏程度中等且富集轻稀土((La/Yb)N=5.13~9.69),具弱Eu负异常(δEu=0.62~0.92);相对富集Rb、Th、U、K等LILE和LREE,亏损Ba、Sr、P、Ti、Nb、Ta和HREE等;(2)锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年获得岩浆结晶年龄为308.8±4.1Ma,岩体侵位时代为晚石炭世;(3)岩体具有正的εNd值(εNd=3.64~6.33)、低的87Sr/86Sr初始比值(ISr=0.704009~0.705313)和较年轻的二阶段模式年龄(t2DM=0.52~0.70Ga),形成于晚石炭世洋内俯冲背景下、有俯冲流体及少量洋盆陆源碎屑沉积物参与的晚元古代玄武质洋壳的部分熔融;(4)苏云河地区晚石炭世浅成岩浆侵入活动同时是一期重要的斑岩型(铜-)钨钼成矿事件,Ⅰ#岩体深部及巴尔鲁克断裂以西石炭纪中酸性岩体的含矿性值得做进一步评价。     

底部加强型工字形钢管混凝土柱抗震性能研究

提出了工字型截面钢管混凝土柱,同时提出了一种在柱底部区域翼缘贴焊钢板的底部加强型工字形截面钢管混凝土柱。进行了3个不同构造的工字形钢管混凝土柱模型的低周反复荷载试验,模型1为普通工字形钢管混凝土柱,模型2为工字形截面两翼缘外侧贴焊钢板的钢管混凝土柱,模型3为工字形截面两翼缘周边均贴焊钢板的钢管混凝土柱。分析了各模型的破坏特征、承载力、刚度及退化过程、延性和滞回耗能特性。给出了工字形钢管混凝土柱正截面及斜截面承载力计算公式,计算结果与实测符合较好。研究表明:所提出的底部加强型工字形钢管混凝土柱与普通工字形钢管混凝土柱相比,承载力明显提高,延性和抗震耗能能力显著提高。     

基于Cosserat连续体的颗粒破碎影响研究

颗粒破碎对颗粒材料宏观力学行为有重要影响。 结合Hardin的破碎经验公式,将表征破碎程度的破碎参量与Cosserat连续体的内部长度参数相关联,形成一个基于Cosserat连续体且能考虑颗粒破碎的弹塑性模型。数值算例主要考察了颗粒破碎对颗粒材料承载能力、塑性应变及局部化行为的影响,数值结果表明,颗粒破碎主要发生在剪切带内,颗粒破碎使得剪切带明显变窄且剪切带内外等效塑性应变梯度明显增大。     

Spatial and temporal distribution of storms and their activities over the Bay of Bengal

By statistically analyzing the storm data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC) over the Bengal Bay during the period 1945-2006,it is found that the yearly averaged tropical cyclone(TC) number over the Bay of Bengal is 8.12,which takes place in any month of the whole year;February and March have the fewest TC numbers.The TC numbers begin to increase starting in April and arrive at a peak in October.Differing from TC over the Bay of Bengal,the tropical storms(TS) over the Bay of Bengal has two peak periods,appear in May and in October or November,respectively.With regard to TS intensity,the super severe storm of H4 criterion appeared only one time during the period 1971-1986,but appeared eight times during the period 1987-2006.The monthly change of the original position,the averaged maintaining time,and the longest maintaining time of TS also have two peak values:They appear in April or May and in October or November,respectively.The peak value of the original position in October or November is bigger than that in April or May.The peak value of the average maintaining time and the longest main-taining time of the TS in April or May is bigger than that in October or November.TC landfall path is mostly moving toward northwest or west and accounts for 56.7 percent.The landfall path of the TS differs from that of TC in some respects.The main difference is that the numbers of the northwestern path and un-landfall of TS are less than those for TC,and the numbers of the western path and northeastern path of TS are greater than for TC.Because of the landfall TS in the north-east path has a peak,it and the beginning of the rainy season in Yunnan Province are closely related;it is on Yunnan Province’s early summer precipita-tion that they have a great impact.     

考虑饱和黏土初始各向异性的循环边界面塑性模型

天然土体的初始各向异性通常可对其后继循环特性产生显著影响。现有考虑循环载荷作用的土体弹塑性模型,往往采用类似修正剑桥模型的椭圆形屈服面,已有研究表明,该椭圆形屈服面因其拉伸弹性区域偏大,针对天然K0固结状态的土体,其计算精度较差。基于新近提出的广义各向同性硬化准则,在边界面方程中引入初始各向异性张量,并采用空间滑动面破坏准则（SMP）的变换应力法,建立了能考虑饱和黏土初始各向异性的循环边界面塑性模型。分别针对等压和偏压固结的饱和黏土静、动三轴试验进行模拟,结果表明,该模型能合理反映土体的初始各向异性及其后继循环动力特性。     

河南省亲后代人工影响天气业务技术系统的设计、开发和应用

该文介绍了河南省新一代人工影响天气业务技术系统的设计思路、组成功能及应用情况。该系统集成度和自动化程度比较高、实时性和适用性比较强、业务化运行比较稳定；实现了将多种尺度和不同种灯的信息实时采集、快速传输、集中存贮、综合分析和直观显示；具有作业天气预警、云场模拟预报、临近作业方案决策、作业动态监控指挥和作业效果实时证评估等多种功能。     

南极冰盖NO－3浓度记录研究进展

综述了近年来南极冰盖雪冰中NO－ 3浓度的影响因素、NO－ 3的来源、沉积后变化及其浓度的时空变化特征的最新研究进展。尽管质子事件、超新星活动、陨石事件、火山喷发和核试验等各种突发事件都可能对南极雪冰中NO－ 3浓度产生影响,但综述和模拟结果表明中低纬度对流层闪电和极地平流层来源可能是南极雪冰中NO－ 3浓度本底的主要来源。综合研究表明,南极冰盖雪冰中记录的NO－ 3浓度可能是其来源、传输路径、沉积过程以及沉积后变化等的综合反映。     

维生素E对皱纹盘鲍幼鲍生长、存活及体成分的影响

于1997年5月在山东荣成石岛鲍珍品养殖场采集幼鲍，采用单因素试验方法进行幼鲍维生素E(VE）营养需要的研究。以酷蛋白和明胶为蛋白源，通过用不同浓度VE的饲料（E1－E7七个实验组），即在每100g饲料中分别添加0、5、10、20、50、100、200mgVE来饲喂幼鲍（平均体重为220－240mg)103天。结果表明，饲料中适量的VE具有促进幼鲍生长的作用；幼鲍软体部水分和脂肪含量不受饲料中VE添加水平的影响，然而饲料中VE添加水平显著影响软体部蛋白质含量；贝壳中灰分和钙、磷含量不受VE添加水平的影响。以增重和蛋白质增量为指标，皱纹盘鲍幼鲍饲料中VE的适宜含量为5－10mg/100g饲料。