抽油机悬点投影测量仪

油田抽油机的抽油杆幌动幅度过大，是引起抽油杆断裂的一个重要因素，检测这种幌动幅度是防止抽油杆断裂的一种有效手段。设计了一种基于面阵CCD和普通半导体激光器（LD）测量这种幌动的悬点投影测量方法，通过数字卷积滤波，达到了范围为0－40mm，误差＜0.2mm的技术检测指标。     

基于人工智能技术的热带气旋灾害评估方法研究:以广东省为例

基于历史观测资料,系统地研究了广东省热带气旋（tropical cyclone,TC）风雨及其带来的直接经济损失的空间分布特征。结果表明,粤西沿海地区受TC大风影响最为频繁,但TC经济灾损率和受灾频次在粤西和粤东较重。根据广东省TC风雨和直接经济损失的空间分布特征,将广东分为粤西、粤东、珠三角和粤北4个区域,进而利用演化建模方法建立了广东省各区域TC经济灾损率评估模型。该评估模型模拟的TC经济灾损率与实际值的相关系数达0.66以上,基于该模型对独立样本的预测检验结果与实际值的相关系数达到0.61以上（显著性水平a=0.05）。这表明,基于演化建模方法建立的广东省各区域评估模型在广东省TC灾害评估中有着潜在的应用价值。     

Vertical atmospheric structure of the late summer clear days over the east Gansu loess plateau in China

In this paper, by using the sounding data collected in LOPEX05, we have analyzed the vertical atmospheric structure and boundary layer characteristics of temperature and humidity in the late summer over the east Gansu loess plateau. The results show that the bottom of the stratosphere is at about 16 500 m and varies between 14 000 m and 18 000 m above the ground. The center of the westerly jet is located between 8300 m and 14 300 m above the ground and its direction moves between 260° and 305°. There is an ...     

温室气体本底观测研究

简要介绍了限排温室气体的源、汇特点及其影响,概述了国内外温室气体本底观测研究的沿革及发展趋势,阐述了在我国深入开展该领域工作的紧迫性和必要性。     

金塔南山河流砾石特征指示的青藏高原东北缘地貌演化

青藏高原的隆升扩展不但塑造了高原及其周边的地貌,影响了气候的变化,而且极大地改造了其周缘的水系格局。其中,河流沉积物最直接地记录了河流演化与水系演变的过程。本研究主要利用河流砾石层的沉积特征分析金塔南山地区水系演化对高原东北缘扩展过程的响应。金塔南山顶面普遍沉积一套磨圆度较好、分选较好的河流砾石层,其砾石岩性主要组分为岩屑砂岩、石英砂岩和硅质岩,在局部地区也存在较多的砾岩和灰岩。祁连山北部主要的7条河流出山口主河道的砾石组分统计结果显示砾石岩性主要组分存在较大差异;河流之间的砾石岩性差异很好的解释了金塔南山顶面砾石岩性组分自东向西的变化。根据对比金塔南山顶面砾石组分和祁连山北部主要的7条河流主河道砾石组分中不同抗风化能力岩性的含量与分布,我们认为金塔南山顶面砾石主要来源于祁连山。对金塔南山顶面砾石ab面的测量发现：东段砾石倾向单一,指示古流向为北;而中西段倾向复杂。总体来说,砾石倾向指示的古水流方向是北向。结合砾石岩性组分与分布以及古流向,认为在金塔南山顶面沉积砾石层时,此处的河流处于摆荡状态且河流之间可能有汇合现象,造成局地砾石ab面指示的古流向与整体流向不一致;而后随着中更新世以来金塔南山的抬升,黑河和北大河下切分别形成正义峡和鸳鸯峡,形成两个相对独立和稳定的水系。     

Effects of feeding time on complement component C7 expression in Pelteobagrus vachellii subject to bacterial challenge

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Shifting the feeding time for fish from daytime to nighttime could alter their digestive behavior, disturb their metabolism, and may affect immune-related...     

Groundwater contaminant source identification based on iterative local update ensemble smoother

Identification of the location and intensity of groundwater pollution source contributes to the effect of pollution remediation, and is called groundwater contaminant source identifcation. This is a kind of typical groundwater inverse problem, and the solution is usually ill-posed. Especially considering the spatial variability of hydraulic conductivity field, the identification process is more challenging. In this paper, the solution framework of groundwater contaminant source identification is composed with groundwater pollutant transport model (MT3DMS) and a data assimilation method (Iterative local update ensemble smoother, ILUES). In addition, Karhunen-Loève expansion technique is adopted as a PCA method to realize dimension reduction. In practical problems, the geostatistical method is usually used to characterize the hydraulic conductivity feld, and only the contaminant source information is inversely calculated in the identifcation process. In this study, the identification of contaminant source information under Kriging K-field is compared with simultaneous identification of source information and K-field. The results indicate that it is necessary to carry out simultaneous identification under heterogeneous site, and ILUES has good performance in solving high-dimensional parameter inversion problems.     

粉质土海底边界层动态演化过程波浪水槽实验

The objectives of this study are carried out a series of controlled large wave flume experiments using fine-grained sediment from the Huanghe River Delta, exploring the complete sequence of sediment behavior in the bottom boundary layer(BBL) during wave-induced liquefaction. The results show that:(1) The BBL in silty seabed is exposed to a progressive wave, goes through a number of different stages including compaction before liquefaction, sediment liquefaction, and compaction after liquefaction, which determines the range and thickness of BBL.(2) With the introduction of waves, first, the sediment surface has settled by an amount S(S=1–2 cm) in the course of wave loadings with an insufficient accumulation of pore water pressure. And a thin high concentration layer formed the near-bed bottom.(3) Once the liquefaction sets in, the liquefied sediment with an ‘orbital motion' and the sub-liquefied sediment form a two-layer-sediment region. The range of BBL extends downwards and stopped at a certain depth, subsequently, develops upwards with the compaction process. Meanwhile, resuspended sediments diffuse to the upper water column.(4) During the dynamics process of the BBL beneath progressive waves, the re-suspended sediment increment ranked as sediment liquefaction erosion before liquefaction compaction after liquefaction.     

澳大利亚中部Alice Spring红色表土磁学特征分析

炎热干旱的澳大利亚中部是现代正在形成红色地表的区域。围绕中部Alice Spring地区采集了一系列红色地表样品。这些红色样品按照岩性大致可以分为三类: 砂土、沙丘砂和岩石。通过对这些样品详细的磁学测量, 发现这三类样品存在明显磁学特征差异, 红色砂土和沙丘砂样品磁化率较岩石样品高出许多(砂土和沙丘砂磁化率均值为93.82×10-8m3/kg), 红色岩石样品磁化率值最低(均值为23.2×10-8m3/kg); 三者主要磁性矿物也不尽相同; 磁颗粒均以超顺磁(SP)颗粒为主, 而单畴(SD)颗粒含量少。研究区百分比频率磁化率χfd % 均值为8.28 %, 较黄土高原西部表土(兰州为3.5 %)高出许多。该区现代年降水量约300mm, 比兰州(约330mm)还低, 成土导致百分比频率磁化率增高却比兰州明显高出几倍。这可能反映了黄土高原表土频率磁化率增高与降水量密切相关; 而在澳洲中部可能与持续高温成土条件和作用的时间存在更密切的关系。澳洲中部不论岩石还是表土均以红色为主。磁学实验表明, 砂土和沙丘砂样品均以磁铁矿为主, 三类样品普遍含一定量磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿的贡献, 与地表红色外貌相符。说明澳洲红色地表过程很可能是黑色磁铁矿颗粒表面被长期氧化条件下形成的红色磁赤铁矿/赤铁矿所包裹的现象, 使得澳洲中部广大地区岩石露头和地表沉积物, 普遍形成一层红色染色层。     

福建省冬季暴雨过程及其环流特征

利用福建省66个气象观测站1960年12月至2008年2月的暴雨资料,分析了福建冬季暴雨的时空特征及主要影响天气系统。结果表明,冬季暴雨主要发生在闽西;福建冬季暴雨主要是南支槽东移、切变线维持和冷空气南下影响所致;冬季暴雨的产生与充沛的水汽、对流不稳定和辐合上升运动密切相关,但大气层结比汛期暴雨要稳定得多;冬季暴雨异常与500 hPa大气环流和赤道中东太平洋海温异常关系密切,它们可能主要通过大气环流的改变引起福建冬季暴雨异常。