大巴山城口弧形断裂带右旋走滑构造特征及其意义

大巴山弧形构造带是几何学上对称平顶型、内部形迹削截的弧凸结构带,区域走向总体呈北西向延伸,其主边界城口断裂由北向南发生偏转（由近南北向→北西向→近东西向）,内部构造形迹与边界断裂呈明显削截和交切关系,弧形带凸顶方向与构造带南西向逆冲推覆极性一致。基于野外构造解析和15个样品的显微构造分析,对城口弧形断裂带右旋逆冲走滑构造特征和变形-变质特点及其沿走向的变化进行研究。宏观上,城口断裂带体现出早期近东西走向线理和平行于主断裂带弧形展布的后期线理两期世代和序列性,同时展现出强烈右旋走滑剪切变形特征,且走滑剪切变形强度由北西向南东减弱。微观构造上,断裂带构造岩普遍发生弱-中等强度变质,北段以中-高绿片岩相为主,右旋逆冲走滑剪切指向运动学标志体发育、变形强烈。断裂带南段以低绿片岩相为主,右旋走滑逆冲剪切指向运动学标志体相对稀疏、变形微弱。城口断裂带宏观与微观特征表明变质和（右旋走滑剪切）变形强度总体上由北西向南东逐渐减弱,呈非对称性。构造运动学上的非对称性和强烈右旋走滑剪切运动特征主要取决于印支期以来华南和华北板块汇聚过程中（尤其是燕山期）汉南能干性基底由南向北的强烈楔入作用。     

极端干旱条件下策勒绿洲引种植物水分生理特征研究

在塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘的中国科学院策勒沙漠研究站植物引种筛选实验区内,以3 a生文冠果、花棒和紫叶小檗为实验材料,研究三种植物经历持续干旱到短期复水过程中的生理生态响应。结果表明：（1）干旱复水后花棒和紫叶小檗的chla、chlb、叶绿素总量以及chla/b值均随土壤含水量的增加而显著增加,文冠果的叶绿素及其组分含量减少。水分变化对chla含量影响较大。（2）三种植物的MDA含量、SS含量在复水后并没有减少,而是显著的增加,文冠果的增加量最大;各物种的脯氨酸的含量降低,紫叶小糪减少的最多。（3）三种植物的清晨水势和正午水势随土壤水分含量的增加而降低,花棒和紫叶小檗的水势变化较小,水分亏缺迹象不显著。文冠果和花棒的抗逆性较强,而紫叶小檗对水分变化比较敏感。本研究结果可为研究区引种植物的适应性及防护林建设中的植物种选择提供理论参考。     

生产性服务业视角下的城市网络构建研究进展

随着经济全球化的深入和信息技术的发展, 生产性服务业已成为地区经济增长的主要动力和产品创新的重要源泉, 其在城市网络构建中的重要作用日益受到学术界的关注。通过城市网络不同研究载体的梳理发现, 生产性服务业视角下城市网络的研究已成为西方城市研究领域的重要前沿。生产性服务业集聚与城市等级的密切关联性是城市网络构建的重要基础, 网络构建的作用力包括生产性服务业的行业属性、企业的组织结构以及城市发展的自身条件。通过对网络构建模型、网络特征和网络动态演化的综述可以发现, 生产性服务业的布局对于解释全球化和信息化影响下的中国城市网络是适用的, 但国内的研究多集中于方法的引介, 对于内在机制和演化机理关注较少。随着全球产业分工细化, 中国不再仅仅承担制造业功能, 生产性服务业已开始大规模集聚, 国内生产性服务业视角下城市网络的系统研究刚刚起步, 亟待加强。     

南极中山站地区航空飞行的天气条件

随着中国南极考察事业的不断发展,科考工作进一步深入,南极地区不同机型的各类飞行活动将日益增多。开展南极航空气象服务是确保飞行安全,提高科考效率的迫切需求。南极冰雪高原的地形复杂,天气多变且局地性强,但是航路和场站的气象资料积累很少,航空气象服务的困难较大。本文对南极中山站地区影响飞行安全的主要天气现象,中山站地区的适航时间,天气条件等进行了初步探讨。     

Assessment of the ecological security in the three gorges reservoir area by using the ecological footprint method

The ecological footprint concept and its calculation models are useful for the measurement of the sustainable level of social and economic development.The ecological security situation of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA) was evaluated using this concept in this study.The construction of the Three Gorges Reservoir has led to the change in the ecology and immigration status of TGRA.The ecological footprint method is an important means to study the regional ecological security.Our results suggested that,by excluding the areas for biodiversity conservation(12% of the total land),the ecological footprint per capita was 0.57895 ha,which exceeded the ecological carrying capacity in TGRA.The total ecological deficit was found to be 11,522,193.34 ha,accounting for 95.02% of the ecological carrying capacity.These findings suggested that the ecological security of TGRA was not good.In order to compensate for the ecological deficit,it was essential to introduce natural resources from other regions.     

Modern climate of the Cát Tiên National Park (Southern Vietnam): Climatological data for ecological studies

A method of using the standard network weather station data for local ecosystem research is considered on the example of the modern climate of the Cát Tiên National Park (Southern Vietnam) and local climate change in 1980–2010. Special attention is focused on the environmental parameters, which play a role of the limiting factors. It is shown that the climate of Southern Vietnam responds with statistical significance to global climate change. Suggestions about the possible reactions of tropical monsoon forest ecosystem to climate change are given.     

Effect of desiccation of marine environment on beam structure

This paper presents the study on the effect of desiccation for different part of offshore structure corresponding to the water level.A coupled elastoplastic damage model is proposed to describe the mechanical behavior of cement-based materials under external loading and desiccation,in which both the plastic and damage behaviors under multi-axial stress are considered in composition with the desiccation effect.The comparison between numerical simulation and experimental data indicates that the proposed model can well predict the mechanical characteristics of cement-based materials with different saturations.In addition,a series of small beams subjected to desiccation are further analyzed to reveal the response of structure in the drying process.     

基于BP神经网络的深水自升式海洋平台智能控制模型试验研究

基于BP神经网络控制方法设计了一种适用于自升式海洋平台的智能控制系统。为了验证该控制系统的有效性,以墨西哥湾海域某典型深水自升式海洋平台为原型,根据动力相似准则按照1∶40的相似比设计海洋平台试验模型,采用磁流变阻尼器作为实施该智能控制方法的控制器,并对其主要参数进行了设计。在此基础上,在波浪水池中分别对有、无安装控制系统的自升式海洋平台模型进行了多工况的波浪试验,通过对比安装控制系统前后平台结构的响应幅度,研究了控制系统的振动控制效果。试验结果表明:基于BP神经网络的磁流变阻尼智能控制系统能够有效地控制自升式海洋平台结构的动力响应,且控制效果稳定。     

Discussion of “formation mechanism of large pockmarks in the subaqueous Yellow River Delta”

Abstract

The excess pore pressure accumulation is a key factor when estimating the formation mechanism of large pockmarks, as it determines the liquefaction potential of marine sediments due to water waves. The governing equations for excess pore pressure may have different forms for various types of sediments and then shall reflect the cyclic plasticity of the soil. For water waves propagating over a porous seabed, the liquefaction area induced by waves is generally progressive, which indicates that the liquefaction area will move forward following the wave train. Therefore, the excess pore pressure accumulation can be used to explain the occurrence of the large pockmarks, but the dimension of the pockmark may be related to the heterogeneity of sediment or the wave properties affected by the topography in the subaqueous Yellow River Delta.     

盐城淤泥质滨海湿地DEM构建及其精度评估研究

以盐城保护区核心区为例,利用2002年野外高程测量数据,运用Kriging和TIN两种不同思想的插值方法对研究区DEM的构建与精度评估两个问题展开研究.研究结果表明:1)Kriging插值验证显示:均差接近于0,均方根标准误差接近于1.证明采用Kriging插值同时考虑数据本身约束性条件的模型是可行的.同时,运用等高线和等高点数据生成的TIN,效果同样比较理想.2)对两种DEM进行了精度评估,数据显示误差都在可控范围之内.其中Grid-DEM的绝对误差最大值为0.162 m,平均绝对误差为0.063 m,平均相对误差为4.20％;而TIN-DEM的最大值仅为0.028 m,平均绝对误差和平均相对误差只有0.005 m和0.36％.3)在对两种DEM的比较中发现:无论是绝对误差还是相对误差,Grid-DEM都要远高于TIN-DEM,两者最大值相差0.134 m;在受人类干扰较强以及经常受潮汐影响而处于不断变化的区域,Grid插值要明显差于TIN插值.但从DEM表面整体光滑度来看,Grid-DEM却要优于TIN-DEM.