A data processing method for MAPR hydrothermal plume turbidity data and its application in the Precious Stone Mountain hydrothermal field

Hydrothermal plume is an important constituent of seabed hydrothermal circulation and is also one of the characteristics of active hydrothermal vents. Portable Miniature Autonomous Plume Recorders （MAPR） attached to a towed deep-sea instrument was used to search for hydrothermal plumes and hydrothermal vents. We introduced the basic principle of MAPR based on deep towing technology to detect plumes, then analyzed the factors affecting the quality of the MAPR data and presented a data correction method for MAPR, including instrument location correction, noise reduction processing, system error elimination and seawater background reduction. Finally we applied the method to analyze MAPR data obtained during the Chinese DY115-21 cruise on R/VDayang Iin the “Precious Stone Mountain” hydrothermal field on the Gala-pagos Microplate. The results provided a better understanding of the distribution of the hydrothermal activ-ity in this field, indicating the presence of a new hydrothermal vent.     

基于能量模型的水稻生长模型

该文考虑生命活动与物质交换和能量流动的关系,从热力学出发,引入一维能量模型。在一维能量模型的基础上,将水稻对外界能量的摄取能力与水稻生长季中的气温变化规律联系起来,建立在气温变化条件下水稻的生长模型。结合气温增长率、水稻最适气温和不同阶段的生物量,以徐士良单形调优算法为基础,利用Forcal二维方程参数拟合,得到关于水稻自然增长率、气温波幅和初始值等参数的最优拟合。将最优拟合数据代入水稻的生长模型,拟合得到水稻的生长曲线和水稻生长随气温的变化趋势。以水稻的生长模型为基础,定性分析水稻的临界气温和最大生长率出现时间。通过分析发现,水稻生长季的临界气温与气温增长率无关;水稻的最大生长率出现时间为水稻分蘖后期、孕穗期。为考虑异常气温对水稻生长的影响,利用Matlab对水稻分蘖期低温和生殖生长期高温的水稻生长进行模拟,结果表明:水稻后期高温对产量影响比前期受低温影响严重。     

自然资源省级卫星应用技术体系的建设与应用

以自然资源安徽省卫星应用技术中心建设为背景,分析了省级卫星中心的建设意义与目标,阐释了应用服务整体架构,构建了自然资源省级卫星应用技术体系,探索了应用服务模式.     

Control of the stress field on shallow seafloor hydrothermal paths: A case study of the TAG hydrothermal field

The stress state and rock mechanical properties govern the growth of faults and fractures, which constitute shallow hydrothermal pathways and control the distribution of seafloor massive sulfide (SMS) mounds in the seafloor hydrothermal field. The stress field has an important influence on the formation and persistence of hydrothermal pathways. Based on multibeam bathymetric data from the Trans-Atlantic Geotraverse (TAG) field, we establish two three-dimensional geological models with different scales to simulate the stress field, which investigate the characteristics of hydrothermal pathways and associated SMS mounds. The simulation results show that oblique faults and fissures form in the tensile stress zone and that mounds, including active and inactive hydrothermal mounds form in the compressive stress zone. Fault activity, which is related to the stress field, affects the opening and closing of hydrothermal channels and changes the permeability structure of subseafloor wall rock. Therefore, the stress field controls the development and persistence of shallow hydrothermal pathways. The features of shallow hydrothermal pathways in the stress field can provide geomechanical information that is useful for identifying favorable zone for SMS deposit formation.     

Contamination assessment and health risk of heavy metals in dust from Changqing industrial park of Baoji,NW China

The contents of Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in the dust samples collected from Changqing industrial park of Baoji city, NW China, were measured by XRF, while As and Hg in the dust samples were analyzed by AFS. Geo-accumulation index (I _geo), pollution index (PI) and integrated pollution index (IPI) were calculated to evaluate the heavy metal contamination level of dust. The health risk due to exposure to heavy metals in dust was analyzed by the Health Risk Assessment Model of US EPA. The results show that the arithmetic means of As, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn are 23.3, 16.4, 1591.8, 178.2, 0.243, 346.5, 40.2, 1,586.2 and 1,918.8 mg kg^?1, respectively, which are higher than the background values of Shaanxi soil, especially for Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn. The mean values of I _geo reveal the order of Pb > Zn > Cr > Hg > Cu > As > Co > Ni > Mn. The high I _geo of Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn in dust indicates that there is considerable pollution from Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn, while the low I _geo of As, Co, Mn and Ni presents no pollution in dust. The assessment results of PI support the results of I _geo, and IPI indicates heavy metals in dust polluted seriously. The health risk assessment shows that ingestion of dust particles is the route for exposure to heavy metals from dust, followed by dermal adsorption. Exposure to As, Cr and Pb from dust may pose a potential health threat to children and adults. The risk of cancer from As, Co, Cr and Ni due to dust exposure is low.     

煤汞同位素地球化学研究进展

汞是煤中普遍存在的痕量元素,煤炭消耗总量之巨使燃煤成为全球汞污染主要来源之一。汞具有7种稳定同位素, 并且兼具质量分馏和非质量分馏效应,使通过汞同位素对涉煤汞污染源和汞迁移、转化示踪成为理想途径。煤中汞同位素 研究获得长足进展。第一,初步给出了世界11个产煤国煤中汞同位素δ202Hg的特征值及分布范围,为示踪环境介质汞的燃 煤源污染源创造了条件。第二,发现了原煤中汞存在奇数质量汞的非质量分馏效应（Δ199Hg≠0）,有助于配合δ202Hg开展示 踪研究。第三,中国不同产煤地及不同成煤期原煤中汞同位素δ202Hg与Δ199Hg值已被测试,为中国开展煤源汞污染示踪研究 打下一定基础。进一步工作可能有待加强的4个方面：（1） 全球不同地域和时代煤中汞同位素数据库的不断补充、修正和 完善;（2） 煤炭生产遗存物,如残留煤和煤矸石等与气-水环境相互作用中的汞同位素问题;（3） 燃煤派生的且影响人类 健康的环境介质如大气细颗粒物（PM2.5） 的汞同位素问题;（4） 涉及煤火汞的迁移转化是复杂的,部分汞具有二次释放特 性,其中汞同位素问题仍是未知的。总之煤中汞及其关联的汞同位素研究方兴未艾。     

金在现代海底热液系统中的分布及演化

现代海底热液系统内冷海水的下渗和热液流体的上涌及由此引发的水岩反应驱动着金的循环演化,并可在海底形成极具经济前景的富金矿床。海底下覆基岩深部层位中的金会因为水岩反应而大量溶解迁移到热液流体中,金含量可比海水高千倍的热液流体在向海底表面运移过程中发生的相分离作用会进一步富集金,当遭遇冷海水发生混合作用后引发H_2S浓度和温度的降低,由此导致金因溶解度降低而从热液流体中迁移出来并赋存在一同形成的硫化物矿物中。海底硫化物中金含量的分布受到围岩性质和构造环境的控制,形成在岛弧和弧后环境中的硫化物一般比洋中脊环境中的硫化物的金含量高,而在相似构造环境下形成在长英质围岩系统和超镁铁质围岩系统中的硫化物其金含量比镁铁质围岩系统中的高。相对于高温阶段形成的黄铜矿,低温成因的黄铁矿和闪锌矿普遍更富集金。在分布最广的黄铁矿的晶格内,固溶体态金的溶解度受到砷含量的控制,当超过矿物的溶解度时则会出现纳米到微米级金颗粒聚合体。虽然热液硫化物中的金含量比热液沉积物高的多,但由于受其捕获效率的制约,随热液流体运移到海底表面的金还是有相当一部分最终随着羽状流扩散到了远端沉积物中或被海洋水体所接纳。若要更清晰甚至定量化地厘清金在现代海底热液系统中的迁移演化过程及控制因素,则微区、原位和高精度的实验方法、分析技术和模拟研究将是下一步工作的重点。     

Cell cycles and proliferation patterns in Haematococcus pluvialis

Most studies on Haematococcus pluvialis have been focused on cell growth and astaxanthin accumulation;far less attention has been paid to cell cycles and proliferation patterns.The purpose of this study was to clarify cell cycles and proliferation patterns in H.pluvialis microscopically using a camera and video recorder system.The complicated life history of H.pluvial i s can be divided into two stages:the motile stage and the non-motile stage.All the cells can be classifi ed into forms as follows:motile cell,nonmotile cell,zoospore and aplanospore.The main cell proliferation,both in the motile phase and non-motile phase in H.pluvialis,is by asexual reproduction.Under normal growth conditions,a motile cell usually produces two,sometimes four,and exceptionally eight zoospores.Under unfavorable conditions,the motile cell loses its fl agella and transforms into a non-motile cell,and the non-motile cell usually produces 2,4 or 8 aplanospores,and occasionally 20–32 aplanospores,which further develop into non-motile cells.Under suitable conditions,the non-motile cell is also able to release zoospores.The larger non-motile cells produce more than 16 zoospores,and the smaller ones produce 4 or 8 zoospores.Vegetative reproduction is by direct cell division in the motile phase and by occasional cell budding in the non-motile phase.There is,as yet,no convincing direct evidence for sexual reproduction.     

流域生态健康评价理论与方法研究进展

对流域进行生态健康评价,将为流域的规划、管理和保护以及流域综合治理提供决策依据。本文回顾了国 内外流域生态健康评价的历史和现状,着重阐述了流域生态系统健康评价的尺度与方法。流域生态系统健康评价 主要有两种方法：一是生物监测法,二是指标体系法。对流域进行生态健康评价,重点在于建立评价指标体系。流域 生态健康评价的指标体系应该包括生物、水质、水文、栖息地、社会经济和人类健康等六方面指标。最后,明确指标 选取的基本原则,并指出了目前流域生态健康评价存在的问题及今后的研究趋势。     

羌塘盆地侏罗系元素地球化学特征与成盐层位分析

近年来在羌塘盆地侏罗系发现的大面积石膏层位和高盐度的盐泉水,显示羌塘盆地侏罗纪可能具备成盐地质条件。本文通过对羌塘盆地雁石坪地区侏罗系元素地球化学分析,揭示了羌塘盆地侏罗纪特提斯洋海平面与古气候变化以及蒸发岩沉积条件。全岩Fe/Mn比值和CaCO3含量揭示布曲组和索瓦组沉积时期,由于特提斯洋海水入侵,盆地沉积大量海相碳酸盐岩,盆地海平面处于高位时期;雀莫错组和夏里组沉积时期处于海退后的海平面低值期。酸不溶态元素比值K2O/Al2O3、Na2O/Al2O3以及Na2O/K2O和化学蚀变指数(CIA)揭示雁石坪地区布曲组和夏里组沉积时期气候相对干旱,而雀莫错组和索瓦组沉积时期相对湿润。可溶态K+、Na+含量仅在夏里组出现高值,指示了该沉积时期有利于成盐。综合物源、古构造、古气候和古地理条件,本文认为羌塘盆地侏罗系夏里组是最具成盐潜力的层位,今后成盐研究重点应该放在盆地中-西部地区侏罗系夏里组。