Petrophysical characteristics of rocks and sulfides from the SWIR hydrothermal field

Study of petrophysical properties of rocks in seafioor hydrothermal fields has great significance for inves- tigation of seafloor hydrothermal activities, especially for polymetallic sulfides prospecting. In the present study, based on the current experimental conditions, we conducted systematic experiments to measure the magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, porosity, density, as well as acoustic wave velocity of seafloor rocks and sulfides. Subsequently, we measured the physical characteristics of hydrothermal sulfides, basalts and peridotites which were collected from newly discovered seafloor hydrothermal fields at 49.6°E, 50.5°E, 5 1°E, 63.5°E, and 63.9°E of the Southwest Indian Ridge （SWIR）. Previously available and newly collected data were combined to characterize the physical differences between polymetallic sulfides and rocks. We also discussed the impact of hydrothermal alteration on the bedrock and demonstrated how these petrophysical properties of rocks can help in geophysical prospecting of seafloor hydrothermal fields as indicators.     

城市湿地保护与修复研究进展

城市湿地作为城市中一个特殊的生态系统,具有重要的生态环境和社会服务功能.城市湿地为实现城市可持续发展提供重要的水资源和生态环境保障,合理开发和利用湿地资源是城市可持续发展的重要前提.但是,随着城市化进程加快,城市湿地保护问题日益突出,一些不合理的湿地开发行为导致城市湿地面积减少、污染严重和湿地功能退化,削弱了湿地的生态效益和社会效益,城市湿地的保护与合理利用日益受到国际社会的重视.从城市湿地的功能出发,分析了城市湿地保护与修复中面临的主要问题,综述了国内外城市湿地修复的物理、化学和生物等相关技术研究进展,研究了国内外对于城市湿地保护的一些成功经验,并展望了城市湿地保护与修复研究趋势和方向.最后,结合我国城市湿地保护与修复现状,提出了我国城市湿地保护的对策与建议,为促进城市湿地生态系统的良性循环,推动整体湿地保护更好发展提供借鉴和参考.     

Distal axis sulfide mineralization on the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge: an LA-ICP-MS study of pyrite from the East Longjing-2 hydrothermal field

The newly discovered East Longjing-2 hydrothermal field (ELHF-2) is located on the Dragon Horn oceanic core complex of the ultraslow-spreading Southwest Indian Ridge, approximately 12 km from the ridge axis. This study measured the chemical compositions of pyrite from ELHF-2 using a laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to investigate the genesis of the field. Three generations of pyrite were classified, and found that: Py1 and Py2, rich in V, Mn, U, and Se, occur in altered basalt debris and the silica alteration matrix, respectively. Py3 was mainly intergrown with chalcopyrite in quartz veins and had higher Cu, In, Ag, Sb, and Au contents than Py1 and Py2. Some elements, such as Au, Se, and Pb, are likely presented as direct substitution with Fe2+ in pyrite, while Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, and Ag probably occur both as direct substitution with Fe and as distributed micro- to nanoparticle-sized sulfides. Meanwhile, the occurrence of V, Mn, and U is likely presented as oxide inclusions. Trace element geochemistry suggested that the pyrite was formed under high-temperature conditions, and the ore forming elements were likely derived from ultramafic rocks. In addition, Py1 and Py2 were formed under higher water/rock ratio and higher temperature conditions, with more seawater involvement compared with Py3. The formation of ELHF-2 was probably driven by exothermic serpentinization reactions with an additional magmatic heat. This study shows that high-temperature hydrothermal circulation driven by magmatic activity can be developed on distal rift flank areas of magma-starved ultraslow-spreading ridges.     

Integration and application of panorama field geological images and Google maps

Panorama field geological image is an important form of displaying field geology information with high resolution.Taking an example for Xingcheng,the authors studied the use of panorama field geological images based on the Flex for rich client display technology,application of Google maps API for Flash,and discussed construction method for field geological panoramic information system which created the rich client Internet application program.The results indicate that using Google maps API to mark position and route of panoramic image collection point can be fully integrated field geological information and map information.It can provide visual field geological information for users.This program is characterized by quick execution speed,strong interaction and rich function,which promotes the users’experience effectively.     

西安入境游客目的地空间意象认知序列研究

选取西安入境游客为研究对象,依托324 份调查问卷中所提取和统计的认知地图相关数据,分析了西安城市目的地空间意象特征,并重点探讨了认知地图类型及构成要素在游客停留天数上的动态变化过程,据此提出了入境游客目的地城市空间意象认知过程。结果显示：① 西安入境游客的认知地图共分为四大类型,其中以空间型为主,单体型、序列型和混合型次之。② 从空间意象认知要素上看,标志物出现频率最高,其次为区域、边界、节点和道路。以钟楼为中心结合城墙以及东西南北4 条大街,构成了入境游客西安城市目的地空间意象的基本框架。③ 西安入境游客目的地空间认知过程,在认知地图主导类型上,呈现“空间型+单体型→空间型→序列型（混合型）→单体型”的演变序列,在空间认知主导要素上,则为“标志物→标志物+道路→标志物”的发展序列。这一空间认知过程反映了游客对目的地空间意象的关注重点由个性到结构,再到意义的转换。     

Boundary condition effects on maximum groundwater withdrawal in coastal aquifers

Prevention of sea water intrusion in coastal aquifers subject to groundwater withdrawal requires optimization of well pumping rates to maximize the water supply while avoiding sea water intrusion. Boundary conditions and the aquifer domain size have significant influences on simulating flow and concentration fields and estimating maximum pumping rates. In this study, an analytical solution is derived based on the potential-flow theory for evaluating maximum groundwater pumping rates in a domain with a constant hydraulic head landward boundary. An empirical correction factor, which was introduced by Pool and Carrera (2011) to account for mixing in the case with a constant recharge rate boundary condition, is found also applicable for the case with a constant hydraulic head boundary condition, and therefore greatly improves the usefulness of the sharp-interface analytical solution. Comparing with the solution for a constant recharge rate boundary, we find that a constant hydraulic head boundary often yields larger estimations of the maximum pumping rate and when the domain size is five times greater than the distance between the well and the coastline, the effect of setting different landward boundary conditions becomes insignificant with a relative difference between two solutions less than 2.5%. These findings can serve as a preliminary guidance for conducting numerical simulations and designing tank-scale laboratory experiments for studying groundwater withdrawal problems in coastal aquifers with minimized boundary condition effects.     

青藏高原东北缘临夏盆地晚新生代构造变形及过程

位于青藏高原东北缘的临夏盆地是一个挤压挠曲型的前陆盆地,褶皱和逆冲断裂带自7.8Ma开始由西向东向盆地内部扩展,形成生长地层和生长不整合,代表高原东北部持续的构造变形过程。这种同沉积的构造变形一直持续到大约1.8Ma左右东山组沉积结束,临夏盆地内部强烈褶皱变形,致使东山组及其以下的新生代地层均被卷入褶皱之中(与其上的最老黄河阶地——井沟砾石层为角度不整合接触),拉脊山断裂继续向北东方向扩展,银川背斜最终形成。随后黄河、大夏河出现,开始了发育河流阶地和堆积风成黄土的新阶段。由平衡地质剖面法得到临夏盆地西缘7.8Ma以来总的地壳缩短量为3.2~3.6km,缩短率为0.41~0.46mm/a。如果取从7.8到1.8Ma之间的大约6.0Ma作为临夏盆地的构造变形时段,其缩短速率则为0.5~0.6mm/a。从临夏盆地形成和演化过程来看,青藏高原东北缘的构造变形以沿北西西向断裂的逆冲和地壳缩短为主要特征,导致挤压挠曲型前陆盆地的逐渐隆升和消亡,最终使新生代前陆盆地的大部分并入青藏高原东北缘,成为青藏高原的最新组成部分。     

3D Focused Inversion of Near-bottom Magnetic Data from Autonomous Underwater Vehicle in Rough Seas

Ocean Science Journal - The observation area of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) often contains undulating terrain in which the shallow portions make a great contribution to near-bottom...     

A local Mahalanobis-distance method based on tensor decomposition for hyperspectral anomaly detection

Recently, some tensor decomposition-based algorithms are proposed and performed well for hyperspectral anomaly detection (AD). This paper proposes a tensor decomposition-based local Mahalanobis-distance (Tensor-LMD) method for hyperspectral AD. First, a three-order tensor is employed to represent hyperspectral data-set and the Tucker decomposition technology is used to decompose such tensor into a core tensor and three factor matrices. Then, the minor PCs are used to eliminate anomaly and noise information along each mode and the more pure background data-set is obtained. Finally, the sliding dual-window strategy is used for both the background data-set and the original hyperspectral data-set, and the local Mahalanobis-distance detector is employed for the final results. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed Tensor-LMD can achieve a better performance when compared with the comparison algorithms.     

鲁西南主要煤田岩浆岩特征及对煤的影响

在对鲁西南地区主要煤田岩浆岩的分布情况、侵入层位、岩性、岩相、岩石类别、时代、来源、厚度、侵入层数等详细研究的基础上 ,分析了该区岩浆岩发育规律及岩浆侵入对煤层、煤质的影响 ,为今后矿井建设及煤炭开采提供参考