南洛河流域洛南盆地表土孢粉与植被的关系

选取南洛河上游洛南盆地10 种植被类型下40 处样点表土苔藓开展孢粉与植被关系的研究.结果表明,表土中孢粉组成能很好地反映植被类型.森林表土中乔木植物花粉含量平均值大于40%,且有较高含量的中华卷柏孢子;疏林草原、灌丛群落中乔木植物花粉平均含量分别为13.2%和16.6%,灌木植物花粉相对草丛群落含量较高;草丛群落和农田中乔木花粉平均含量均<10%,草本植物花粉>80%,灌木植物花粉<1%.洛南盆地表土孢粉总浓度平均为1.42×10⁵粒/g,与植被覆盖度关系较弱,而与植被类型有一定联系,能辅助植被类型的辨识.聚类分析和PCA分析都能较好区分森林和非森林植被,前者能较好地区分松林和混交林,后者能较好地区分农田和灌、草丛植被,且比聚类分析更加稳定.松属、栎属等乔木花粉具有较强的扩散能力,能指示区域植被,松属没有表现出很强的超代表性,栎属具有低代表性;蒿属花粉与植被覆盖度间的相关关系较差,具有明显的超代表性,其大量出现与人类的干扰有一定的联系,禾本科花粉具有很好的植被指示性和低代表性,藜科花粉的高含量主要指示了高强度的人类活动;中华卷柏孢子在地层中的大量出现具有指示森林或松林环境的意义.     

全新世中期相对稳定的长江水位造成约3000年的湖泊沉积缺失

长江中下游地区浅水湖泊密布,全新世该区湖泊沉积的模式还不清晰。本研究在长江中下游的南漪湖、升金湖和菜子湖这3个湖泊开展了多钻孔AMS^14C测年工作,测年结果显示这些湖泊沉积地层中广泛出现长时间尺度的沉积物缺失。南漪湖湖泊钻孔的沉积物14C年龄介于5668~7828cal.aB.P.,菜子湖湖泊钻孔的沉积物^14C年龄介于6221~7929cal.aB.P.,升金湖围垦区钻孔14C年龄介于6302~7049cal.aB.P.。结合该地区以往湖泊钻孔研究资料,发现全新世长江中下游两岸洼地湖泊存在较广泛的6~3ka的沉积间断。结合长江水位重建资料,笔者提出关于全新世湖泊沉积存有长期间断的新认识:即6~3ka,长江水位相对平稳,湖泊沉积物虽有堆积,但易于被侵蚀搬运造成沉积间断;与此对应的是,在约8~7ka,海面上升造成长江水位较快上升,由于顶托作用,湖泊沉积物持续堆积;在约3ka以来,由于人类活动的影响,以及长江水位的进一步上升,湖泊沉积物也易于堆积,但在一些湖区沉积物也会被侵蚀。在6~3ka之间湖泊沉积物易于被侵蚀的一个可能原因是该时段长江上游来沙来水减少,自然堤易被破坏,对两岸湖泊洼地的封堵作用减少,使得湖泊泥沙易被侵蚀入江。     

2012年6月24日宁蒗—盐源M_S5.7地震序列M_L≥3.5余震震源机制解

针对2012年6月24日宁蒗—盐源MS 5.7地震序列,基于云南地震台网及部分四川地震台网宽频带数据,采用CAP方法反演该序列主震及ML≥3.5余震的震源机制解。结果显示:主震主应力方位角为148°,俯角58°,节面Ⅰ走向:179°、倾角55°、滑动角-43°;节面Ⅱ走向:297°、倾角26°、滑动角-136°,矩心深度4 km,矩震级5.36,表现为正断层兼走滑型地震,判定节面Ⅱ为其发震断层面,永宁断裂为其发震构造。     

碳担载钼基催化剂的性质研究

利用差热分析（ＤＴＡ） 和程序升温还原（ＴＰＲ） 技术研究了活性炭担载钼基催化剂在制备和预处理过程中的性质变化。ＤＴＡ结果表明,催化剂在焙烧过程中产生了新相,这种新相与活性组分和载体间的相互作用有关,助剂Ｋ和Ｎｉ 的引入对这种相互作用有明显的影响。Ｋ／Ｃ样品的ＴＰＲ结果表明,Ｋ 本身不被还原,但它可以改变催化剂中其它物种的还原行为。Ｃ 担载Ｍｏ 基催化剂的ＴＰＲ谱一般由四个正峰和一个负峰组成,正峰归属为不同Ｍｏ 物种和载体本身（ 包括其中的某些杂质）的还原,负峰则归属于氧化的Ｃ载体表面脱附出的ＣＯ,Ｍｏ 担载到活性炭上后变得更加难还原了。Ｋ 的引入大大促进了低温下可还原Ｍｏ 物种（ 主要是八面体Ｍｏ） 的形成,而抑制了那些仅在高温下才能被还原的Ｍｏ 物种（ 主要是四面体Ｍｏ） 的产生。这可能是影响催化剂在ＣＯ加氢反应中的选择性的一个重要因素。     

新疆哈密天湖铁矿床地质特征及成因分析

哈密天湖铁矿是新疆东天山地区的一个大型铁矿床。天湖铁矿床产出在新元古界天湖群第三组变质岩系中,铁矿体赋存于白云质大理岩内并呈层状、似层状产出;碳酸盐岩蚀变部位的部分铁矿石变富,且有黄铜矿、闪锌矿等硫化物生成。矿石组构方面,具有细-中细粒状结构、网格状结构、残余结构,层状、条带状构造。矿床成因类型属于沉积变质-区域混合岩化热液叠加改造型。     

Regional eco-efficiency evaluation and spatial pattern analysis of the Yangtze River Economic Zone

The environmental ecology of the Yangtze River Economic Zone(YREZ) faces ecological function decline, deterioration and degradation under intense human activities, long-term development and utilization and its economy has developed rapidly over recent decades. Eco-efficiency is considered as a measure of coordinated development of economy, resources, environment and ecology, and is currently considered a very important issue. In this paper, based on the slack-based measure and data envelope analysis model, we take 129 prefecture-level cities of the YREZ as the study unit and measure the eco-efficiency of the YREZ in 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015, which considers undesired output. The evaluation of the status quo of the regional eco-efficiency development was carried out at provincial, prefectural and city scales. The spatial autocorrelation test model and standard deviation ellipse were used to analyze the spatially distributed characteristics and the evolutionary regularity of eco-efficiency. Our study suggested that the eco-efficiency value varied significantly at different spatiotemporal scales and the overall distribution presented an "N-shaped" pattern, the value is the largest downstream and the smallest upstream. Regional eco-efficiency presented certain volatility in growth and a clear spatial positive agglomeration trend from 2000 to 2015. The spatial distribution of each agglomeration area was also significantly different, forming some high-high agglomeration areas at the center of the shaft with Shanghai and surrounding cities, and some low-low agglomeration areas at the center with middle reaches and upstream cities. The low-high over-aggregation and high-low polarization clusters were fewer. At the same time, with the change of the research period, the degree of positive agglomeration became increasingly pronounced and the eco-efficiency gap of the neighborhoodunit reduced. The regional eco-efficiency value of the YREZ presented a spatial distribution pattern in the northeast-southwest axis and the evolutionary pattern of the regional eco-efficiency similarly showed a northeast-southwest orientation.     

浙江良渚遗址群环境演变与人类活动的关系

良渚遗址群是距杭州市西北18 km的良渚镇和瓶窑镇毗邻地带间许多遗址的总称,代表了良渚文化发展的最高成就,是良渚文化的中心.根据在2007年发现的良渚古城墙外侧开挖的良渚北剖面、良渚西剖面沉积样品的粒度分析、孢粉分析数据,以及综合区域内多个剖面地层对比,恢复了该地区全新世环境的演变过程.研究表明,全新世良渚遗址群内环境...     

Geology and Geochemistry of Highly Metamorphosed Footwall Alteration Zones in the Hongtoushan Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Deposit,Liaoning Province,China

The Hongtoushan Archean Cu–Zn volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit, which was metamorphosed (3.0–2.8 Ga) to upper amphibolite facies at temperatures between 600 and 650°C, occurs in the Hunbei granite–greenstone terrane, Liaoning Province of NE China. Stratiform cordierite–anthophyllite gneiss (CAG) that occurs hundreds of meters below the ore horizon in the Hongtoushan district corresponds to the metamorphosed semi‐conformable alteration zone of the VMS hydrothermal system, whereas the CAG that contains abundant deformed sulfide‐bearing quartz veins immediately below the main ore layer represents the metamorphosed discordant alteration zone. Whole‐rock geochemistry indicates that stratiform CAG was derived ultimately from five lithologies (basalt, basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, and rhyolite), while discordant CAG derived from a single lithology (rhyolite). Amphibolite and biotite‐rich gneiss are identified as a metamorphosed least‐altered precursor for these CAGs. Mass change calculation indicates that, compared to the least‐altered rocks, stratiform CAG is enriched in Fe and Mg, and depleted in Na, K, Ca, Cu, Pb and Zn, while discordant CAG is enriched in Fe, Mg, Si, Na, Pb, Cu and Zn, and depleted in K. HREE and HFSE (Zr, Ti, Nb and Ta) behaved inertly during submarine alteration, whereas Rb, Sr, Ba and LREE (especially Eu) were leached off. Both stratiform and discordant CAGs are depleted in ¹⁸O, with values up to 7‰ lower than their corresponding least‐altered precursors. Addition of Fe, Mg, and depletion of Ca, K, Sr, and ¹⁸O, indicate that hydrothermal alteration for both types of CAGs was characterized by chloritization prior to metamorphism. Stratiform CAG could be used to evaluate the mineralization potential of VMS in metamorphic terranes, while discordant CAG containing sulfide‐bearing quartz veins could be a good indication for overlying stratiform massive sulfide ores as well as an exploration target itself.     

西昆仑山中元古代长城系火山岩地球化学

西昆仑山长城系塞拉加兹塔格群为一套火山-沉积岩组合,其火山岩主体为基性岩,在顶部出现少量酸性富Na的流纹英安岩。基性火山岩SiO2=47.77%～49.56%,Na2O K2O=4.64%～5.42%,Na2O/K2O=2.32～8.46,ΣREE=74.29×10-6～137.35×10-6La/YbN=6.5～10.0La/SmN=2.35～2.91微量元素经N-MORB标准化后的配分模式与板内碱性-拉斑玄武岩的相近多种不相容元素HFSE比值及相应的图解表明玄武岩形成于大陆板内裂解背景。酸性火山岩SiO2=70.01%～72.72%Na2O K2O=7.83%～8.27%ΣREE=402.97×10-6～826.55×10-6,(La/Yb)N=11.58～30.68,(La/Sm)N=5.1～10.5,δEu为0.31～0.32,稀土配分模式具有A型花岗岩特征。火山岩的沉积学、地球化学特征综合分析显示火山岩形成于大陆裂解背景。     

南海登陆热带气旋对长江三角洲地区降水的影响

利用热带气旋年鉴资料统计了1949~2000年南海热带气旋影响期间我国长三角地区的最大降水量，计算有南海热带气旋影响时最大降水量大于50 mm的条件概率为60%。并把历年引起长三角地区50 mm以上降水的南海气旋频数序列作小波变换，发现其具有周期性振荡的特点，并且振荡周期在频率的分布上也有一定的规律。把南海热带气旋频数序列与夏季3个月副高面积指数之和的序列做交叉谱分析，发现两者具有准2年和准5年的耦合周期，气旋频数序列在位相上超前约半年。最后用1951~1999年的500 hPa月平均高度资料统计频数异常年的500 hPa高度场的距平和t统计量，发现在西太平洋、大西洋和极地都有显著的异常。