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It is surprising to find an instance of migration in the peak positions of synchrotron spectral energy distribution components during the activity epochs of Markarian 421(Mrk 421),accompanying an orphan flare at the X-ray and GeV-TeVγ-ray bands.A geometric interpretation and standard shock or stochastic acceleration models of blazar emission have difficulty reproducing these observed behaviors.The present paper introduces a linear acceleration by integrating the reconnection electric field into the particle transport model for the observed behaviors of Mrk 421.We note that strong evidence for evolution in characteristic of multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution including shifting the peak frequency,accompanying an orphan flare at the X-ray and GeV-TeVγ-ray bands provides an important electrostatic acceleration diagnostic in a blazar jet.Assuming suitable model parameters,we apply the results of the simulation to the 13-day flaring event in March 2010 of Mrk 421,concentrating on the evolution of multiwavelength spectral energy distribution characteristic by shifting the peak frequency.It is clear that the ratio of the electric field and magnetic field strength plays an important role in temporal evolution of the peak frequency of synchrotron spectral energy distribution component.We suggest it is reasonable that the electrostatic acceleration is responsible for the evolution of multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution characteristic by shifting the peak frequency.Based on the model results,we assert that the peak frequency of the synchrotron spectral energy distribution component may signify a temporary characteristic of blazars,rather than a permanent one. 相似文献
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KANG Shi chang QIN Da he YAO Tan dong PAUL A. Mayewski SALLIE Whitlow 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2000,10(3):218-225
Investigations of atmospheric composition in the Himalayas has been limited in both temporal and spatial scales, mainly due to difficult logistics. Ideal sites for monitoring atmospheric composition and its evolution should be free from local pollution and representative of the remote troposphere (HUEBERT et al., 1980). As the Himalayas are far removed from highly industrialized regions they provide suitable locations to monitor the chemistry of the remote troposphere and to study the evolu… 相似文献
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川渝地区夏季旱涝与海温异常浅析 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
利用1951—2006年6—8月降水资料计算了川渝地区旱涝指数Z指数,确定出该区域旱涝等级及其对应年份,分析这一带历年旱涝情况及年际变化特征,并用相关和合成分析法分析旱涝与海温的关系。结果表明,1950年代末至1970年代前期,这一带地区以旱为主,3个重旱年有2年出现在这个时段内;1970年代末至2003年,旱涝年均有,但以涝为主,2006年则出现了1951年以来最旱的年份。旱涝指数与SST的相关分析显示Z指数与前期SST,特别是1—3月SST有较好的相关关系,Z指数与赤道中东太平洋SST显著正相关。重涝年赤道中东太平洋广大海域SST呈明显的正距平,而重旱年则为大范围SST负距平。2006年1—3月赤道中东太平洋海温呈明显负距平、南太平洋20°S以南到40°S之间海域海温呈显著正距平有利于川渝地区出现严重干旱。 相似文献
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Sequential extraction and leaching characteristics of heavy metals in abandoned tungsten mine tailings sediments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pyeong-Koo Lee Min-Ju Kang Ho Young Jo Sang-Hoon Choi 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(7):1909-1923
The chemical speciation of potentially toxic elements (As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in the contaminated soils and sulfides-rich tailings sediments of an abandoned tungsten mine in Korea was evaluated by conducting modified BCR sequential extraction tests. Kinetic and static batch leaching tests were also conducted to evaluate the potential release of As and other heavy metals by acidic rain water and the leaching behaviors of these heavy metals. The major sources of the elements were As-, Zn- and Pb-bearing sulfides, Pb carbonates (i.e., cerussite), and Pb sulfates (i.e., anglesite). The biggest pollutant fraction in these soil and tailing samples consists of metals bound to the oxidizable host phase, which can be released into the environment if conditions become oxidative, and/or to residual fractions. No significant difference in total element concentrations was observed between the tailings sediments and contaminated soils. For both sample types, almost no changes occurred in the mobility of As and the other heavy metals at 7 days, but the mobility increased afterwards until the end of the tests at 30 days, regardless of the initial pH. However, the mobility was approximately 5–10 times higher at initial pH 1.0 than at initial pHs of 3.0 and 5.0. The leached amounts of all the heavy metal contents were higher from tailings sediments than from contaminated soils at pH > 3.0, but were lower at pH < 3.0 except for As. Results of this study suggest that further dissolution of heavy metals from soil and tailing samples may occur during extended rainfall, resulting in a serious threat to surface and groundwater in the mine area. 相似文献
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On the basis of field observations, microscopic thin-sections and laboratory data analysis of ten faults in Xuanhan County area, northeastern Sichuan Basin, central China, the internal and megascopic structures and tectonite development characteristics are mainly controlled by the geomechanical quality in brittle formation of the Changxing-Feixianguan Formation. The fluid transportation performance difference between the faults formed by different geomechanics or different structural parts of the same fault are controlled by the mcgascopic structure and tectonite development characteristics. For instance, the extension fault structure consists of a tectonite breccia zone and an extension fracture zone. Good fluid transportation performance zones are the extension fracture zone adjacent to the tectonite breccia zone and the breccia zone formed at the early evolutionary stage. The typical compression fault structure consists of a boulder-clay zone or zones of grinding gravel rock, compression foliation, tectonite lens, and dense fracture development. The dense fracture development zone is the best fluid transporting area at a certain scale of the compression fault, and then the lens, grinding gravel rock zone and compression foliation zones are the worst areas for hydrocarbon migration. The typical tensor-shear fault with a certain scale can be divided into boulder-clay or grinding gravel rock zones of the fault, as well as a pinnate fractures zone and a derivative fractures zone. The grinding gravel rock zone is the worst one for fluid transportation. Because of the fracture mesh connectivity and better penetration ability, the pinnate fractures zone provides the dominant pathway for hydrocarbon vertical migration along the tensor-shear fault. 相似文献
30.
晚期海西运动在塔里木盆地北部油气藏形成中的作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
海西晚期,塔里木板块总体为挤压背景。有资料表明,该时期存在两次性质差异较大的构造运动:早二叠世末期和晚二叠世末期构造运动。前期运动以火山活动、海防变迁为特征;后期以沉积构造格局改变、褶皱、断裂活动为特征,并叠置于前期构造之上。晚期海西运动最终定型的古隆起控制了油气聚集指向,形成的古生代坳陷和中新代坳陷控制着油源区展布,造成了众多的、具有捕获油气能力的圈闭类型。断裂和区域性不整合面为油气运移提供了通道,而且对油气再分布及破坏亦有一定影响。 相似文献