石岛湾四种常见鱼类的热耐受性比较研究

作者分别采用动态法和静态法两种实验方法,以石岛湾4种常见鱼类(许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegeli)、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、褐菖鲉(Sebastiscus marmoratus)和矛尾虎鱼(Chaeturichthys stigmatias))为研究对象,对比研究了在4个季节基础水温(5.0~26.0℃)和9个温升速率(0.5~15.0℃/h)下这些鱼类的热耐受性。结果表明,4种鱼类的CTM(最大临界温度)和24 h UILT_(50)(24 h高起始致死温度)均与基础水温呈显著正相关,温升速率对鱼类耐热性的影响因鱼种和季节基础温度而异;相同基础水温下4种实验鱼类的CTM值均高于24 h UILT_(50)。4种鱼类的24 h UILT50依次为:矛尾虎鱼许氏平鲉褐菖鲉大泷六线鱼。     

Investigation of the SA evolution by using the CHAOS-4 model over 1997–2013

The temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the geomagnetic secular acceleration(SA) are investigated, based on CHAOS-4 core field model during the period of 1997–2013. The SA evolution on a short time scale is associated with the phenomenon of the geomagnetic jerk. More details of the global extent and the occurrence time of the successive jerks(the 1999, 2003, 2007, and 2011 jerks) are obtained. The location, size and reversed polarity pattern for the 1999 jerk are similar to those for the 2003 jerk in the Asian-Indian sector. While the 2007 and 2011 jerks mainly take place in the Atlantic sector. The direction and speed of the shift for the four jerks are different, identified by the occurrence time of the jerks. The zonal motions of the SA patches exhibit an oscillation pattern in the Asian-Indian sector, whereas a purely westward drifting pattern is along the equator in the Atlantic sector. It is believed that the shift of the jerks is related to the motion of SA-B_r patches observed at the core-mantle boundary(CMB).     

Changes in record-breaking temperature events in China and projections for the future

Theoretical and Applied Climatology - As global warming intensifies, more record-breaking (RB) temperature events are reported in many places around the world where temperatures are higher than...     

过去千年气候变化重建研究新进展

20世纪气候变暖的归因是当前全球共同关注的焦点之一,而解决这一问题的途径之一是对过去千年的气候变化历史进行精确重建。简要回顾过去千年气候重建的研究进展,重点关注古气候空间重建方法方面的最新进展,并将目前古气候空间重建方法划分为3类,即综合-比例法（Composite Plus Scale, CPS）、气候场重建法（Climate Field Reconstruction, CFR）以及状态空间模型（State-space Model）法,同时指出了这些方法的优缺点以及可能的解决途径。     

台风活动对副热带高压位置和强度的影响

利用一个浅水模式，实施了6组时间积分为4－5个模式日的试验，研究了台风对副热带高压中心位置及强度的影响。结果表明：台风和副热带高压的相互作用可以使高压中心位置西移,强度增加。据此讨论了台风活动和西北地区东部干旱之间统计联系的可能机制。     

不同浓度Li2SO4水溶液结构的X射线衍射研究

用θ～ 2θ型粉末衍射仪反射法精确测量了不同浓度的Li2 SO4水溶液的衍射数据 ,通过数据处理给出了溶液的结构函数和径向分布函数 ,由几何结构模型的最小二乘法精修 ,得到了溶液中阳离子和阴离子第一、二水合层的结构参数。     

Simulation of summer precipitation diurnal cycles over the Tibetan Plateau at the gray-zone grid spacing for cumulus parameterization

Climate Dynamics - The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is often referred to as the “water tower of Asia” or the “Third Pole”. It remains a challenge for most global and regional models...     

砂土高压蠕变微观机理分析

砂土层在地面沉降过程中呈现一定的蠕变特性。文章采用一维压缩试验对4 MPa 下砂土的变形特征进行了研究,并 采用改进的试验装置对砂土的微观结构进行了提取。通过对8 组不同级配砂土样的蠕变特性和微观结构分析,得到如下结 论：粒径单一的砂土在蠕变过程中更容易出现突变,砂粒受力后更容易发生破碎,产生滑移错动;砂土蠕变的蠕变量与砂 粒级配密切相关,砂土的粒径越单一且粒径越大时,砂土的蠕变量也越大;采用表征砂土颗粒形状复杂程度的形状系数, 从微观上定量分析了砂土在蠕变过程中发生破碎的情况和蠕变量大小,且形状系数越小,表明该种砂土形状越复杂,在蠕 变过程中砂土的破碎性越高,蠕变量越大。     

A developed technique for measuring water content in oil-contaminated porous media

Water content is an important physical parameter for soil, vadose zone, and porous aquifer. Accurate measurement of water content in oil-contaminated porous media is critical for the research on oil pollution process and remediation in soil and groundwater systems. In this study, an improved water content calculation formula for oil-contaminated porous media was proposed based on the theory of oven-drying method, and laboratory experiments were conducted to test the applicability and accuracy of the formula for several types of manually prepared oil-contaminated porous media with different water contents. Furthermore, the measuring method and calculation formula, which can be used to determine the water content of porous media sampled from the oil-contaminated sites, were proposed for the first time in this study based on the improved formula. The experimental results showed that the improved formula was very accurate when used to calculate the water contents of diesel-contaminated sand, gasoline-contaminated mild clay, and engine oil-contaminated sand, indicating that it was widely applicable to oils with different volatile ability as well as porous media with different texture. This study meets the urgent need for accurate determination of water content in oil-contaminated porous media, and it solves the technical problem that the existing water content measuring methods cannot be applied directly in the field study.