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61.
冰冻圈显著的变化已经对冰冻圈水文过程产生了一系列影响。本文重点梳理和分析了近20年,尤其是近10年以冰川融水、融雪径流、冻土水文等为主体的中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究方面取得的新进展:①在冰川融水变化研究方面,对不同尺度的冰川融水开展了全面研究,发现冰川融水呈现全面增加之势;对冰川融水"拐点"是否出现进行了科学辨识,有了基本认识;对冰川融水过程进行了模型模拟,取得显著进展。②在融雪径流变化研究方面,通过对不同流域融雪径流估算,可基本掌握各河流的融雪贡献率;中国融雪径流变化差异较大,增减不一;融雪期变化具有普遍性,突出特点是峰值提前。③在冻土水文研究方面,通过对地表水-活动层壤中流-多年冻土层上水之间关系的研究,揭示了冻土区径流形成的重力和热力耦合机制;多年冻土变化对地表径流的影响已经显现,主要表现在冬季(枯水季)径流增加;已经发现多年冻土退化对径流有直接补给作用,在一些流域补给量可能达到一定量级。 相似文献
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The essential principle, technical feature, and application of inductive strain gage are described in this paper. This kind of strain gage is developed by our institute and has become product with invention patent. 相似文献
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The first six Chebyshev polynomial coefficients (i.e., A00, A01, A10, A11, A02, A20) were derived from monthly mean geopotential height over East Asia for the period 1951-1983. Spectral analysis of these coefficients reveals rela-tive maxima of power in the frequency bands of 200 months (~ 16.7 years), 25 months (the quasi-biennial oscillation), 5-6 months, and 2-3 months. Cross-spectral characteristics between Chebyshev coefficients and the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) were also explored. Coherence spectrum for the zonal and meridional circulation index (A01 and A10) with the SOI was significant near 4 years, the QBO, and 2-3 months. Some physical explanations were offered for the spatial linkages (i.e., teleconnections) between the SO and atmospheric circulation anomalies over East Asia. 相似文献
67.
四川威远气田烃流体包裹体的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过烃流体包裹体的类型、均一化温度、气相及液相成分、盐度以及同位素的研究,可以认为威远气田的天然气主要是由白云岩中有机质形成。由于从80~160℃到200~240℃的热解作用,有机物质已演化到过成热阶段。这一过程可由白云岩中存在液态烃及含沥青烃流体包裹体得到证明。威远气田的特征是:震旦系白云岩中天然气的自产自储,以CH_4为主;油田水为古海水,盐度(4.3~17.2)wt%NaCl,pH>8,(CO+CH_4)/CO_2比值指示还原条件。在基底花岗岩石英中发现有气态烃包裹体,其成分及δ~(13)C‰与花岗岩储气层中产出的天然气一致,为部分天然气可能来自深部地壳或地幔提供了新的证据。因而,威远气田天然气的成因主要由有机物质形成,部分甲烷气可能经基底断裂来自地球深处。 相似文献
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Gabriel G. Katul Marc B. Parlange John D. Albertson Chia R. Chu 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1995,72(1-2):123-148
Longitudinal velocity and temperature measurements above a uniform dry lakebed were used to investigate sources of eddy-motion anisotropy within the inertial subrange. Rather than simply test the adequacy of locally isotropic relations, we investigated directly the sources of anisotropy. These sources, in a daytime desert-like climate, include: (1) direct interaction between the large-scale and small-scale eddy motion, and (2) thermal effects on the small-scale eddy motion. In order to explore these two anisotropy sources, we developed statistical measures that are sensitive to such interactions. It was found that the large-scale/small-scale interaction was significant in the inertial subrange up to 3 decades below the production scale, thus reducing the validity of the local isotropy assumption. The anisotropy generated by thermal effects was also significant and comparable in magnitude to the former anisotropy source. However, this thermal anisotropy was opposite in sign and tended to counteract the anisotropy generated by the large-scale/smallscale interaction. The thermal anisotropy was attributed to organized ramp-like patterns in the temperature measurements. The impact of this anisotropy cancellation on the dynamics of inertial subrange eddy motion was also considered. For that purpose, the Kolmogorov-Obukhov structure function equation, as derived from the Navier-Stokes equations for locally isotropic turbulence, was employed. The Kolmogorov-Obukhov structure function equation in conjunction with Obukhov's constant skewness closure hypothesis reproduced the measured second- and third-order structure functions. Obukhov's constant skewness closure scheme, which is also based on the local isotropy assumption, was verified and was found to be in good agreement with the measurements. The accepted 0.4 constant skewness value derived from grid turbulence experiments overestimated our measurements. A suggested 0.26 constant skewness value, which we derived from Kolmogorov's constant, was found to be adequate. 相似文献