中纬度亚洲现代间冰期气候变化的“西风模式”讨论

中纬度亚洲地区存在主要受季风环流影响的东南部湿润地区(简称季风区)和主要受西风环流控制的内陆干旱区(包括青藏高原北部高寒干旱区,简称西风区)。根据对近年来新发表的气候变化记录证据梳理总结,发现西风区在中—晚全新世气候湿润,与亚洲季风在早—中全新世强盛的格局显著不同。过去千年的西风区中世纪暖期干旱,而小冰期相对湿润,与此相对,万象洞石笋氧同位素记录则显示季风降水在中世纪暖期时整体处于高值,在小冰期处于低值段。在近百年,尤其是近50a,西北干旱区湿度增加,而季风影响范围内的西北东部和华北等地变得更干。不仅如此,在分属西风和季风影响区的青藏高原北部和南部,年代际—百年尺度上降水变化也表现出反相位关系。据此我们提出,亚洲中部西风带控制区在现代间冰期从数千年到年代际的各个时间尺度上均存在不同于季风区的湿度(降水)变化模式,称之为现代间冰期气候变化的西风模式。     

塔里木盆地塔中北坡奥陶系微生物碳酸盐岩储层形成机制与评价

微生物岩储层是当前的研究热点之一.通过对塔中北坡微生物岩样品的岩芯以及铸体薄片的观察,发现研究区域的微生物岩储层以裂缝-孔隙型储层为主.对其进行全直径孔渗性检测发现,微生物岩储层具有较好的天然气储集物性.通过对微生物岩的形成机制及特点的分析,结合应力敏感实验和成像测井资料,总结出微生物岩储集空间发育的优势因素.原生白云石的生成可以促进方解石的溶解,而塔中北坡微生物岩发生早成岩岩溶作用,部分地区叠加晚期深成热液改造,提高了储集物性;有机质含量较丰富不仅可以在埋藏成岩阶段生成有机酸造成溶蚀,还能够降低微生物岩的极限强度从而容易在构造作用下发生断裂形成裂缝,因此塔中北坡微生物岩储集空间主要以次生作用为主.通过岩石压缩系数的测定,得出微生物岩的抗压实能力一般,但藻屑骨架对藻孔的保护有利,抗压实能力最强的是受到热液作用而硅化的微生物岩,其次是白云石化微生物岩.     

华南燕山晚期构造-岩浆事件与成矿作用——来自广西大瑶山龙头山金矿床的地球化学约束

广西贵港大瑶山成矿带位于华南东南沿海成矿带西南端,对矿带内龙头山金矿黄铁矿化斑岩进行定年的结果为96.1±3.0 Ma,与区域内邻近的平天山侵入岩体(96.2±0.4 Ma)相同.龙头山矿床的Sr同位素组成与其锆石的REE特征表明,成矿作用伴随有大量的流体参与;矿化斑岩与区内侵入相岩石相同的形成时代以及矿化斑岩中锆石C...     

Cultivated land change in the Belt and Road Initiative region

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)–a development strategy proposed by China – provides unprecedented opportunities for multi-dimensional communication and cooperation across Asia, Africa and Europe. In this study, we analyse the spatio-temporal changes in cultivated land in the BRI countries (64 in total) to better understand the land use status of China along with its periphery for targeting specific collaboration. We apply FAO statistics and GlobeLand30 (the world’s finest land cover data at a 30-m resolution), and develop three indicator groups (namely quantity, conversion, and utilization degree) for the analysis. The results show that cultivated land area in the BRI region increased 3.73×10⁴ km² between 2000 and 2010. The increased cultivated land was mainly found in Central and Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia, while the decreased cultivated land was mostly concentrated in China. Russia ranks first with an increase of 1.59×10⁴ km² cultivated land area, followed by Hungary (0.66×10⁴ km²) and India (0.57×104 km2). China decreased 1.95×10⁴ km² cultivated land area, followed by Bangladesh (–0.22×10⁴ km²) and Thailand (–0.22×10⁴ km²). Cultivated land was mainly transferred to/from forest, grassland, artificial surfaces and bare land, and transfer types in different regions have different characteristics: while large amount of cultivated land in China was converted to artificial surfaces, considerable forest was converted to cultivated land in Southeast Asia. The increase of multi-cropping index dominated the region except the Central and Eastern Europe, while the increase of fragmentation index was prevailing in the region except for a few South Asian countries. Our results indicate that the negative consequence of cultivated land loss in China might be underestimated by the domestic- focused studies, as none of its close neighbours experienced such obvious cultivated land losses. Nevertheless, the increased cultivated land area in Southeast Asia and the extensive cultivated land use in Ukraine and Russia imply that the regional food production would be greatly improved if China’ “Go Out policy” would help those countries to intensify their cultivated land use.     

内蒙古黄旗海不同粒级湖泊沉积物Rb、Sr组成与环境变化

Based on the geochemical elements Rb and Sr in sediments with three different grain size fractions from profile H3 on the northern lacustrine bottomland 13 m above the Huangqihai Lake surface in 1986,the paper investigates the record of palaeolake stand state, sedimentary environmental evolution,and winter monsoon change.First,these samples are separated into three different grain size fractions,i.e.,total sediments,77-20μm and〈20μm. Second,the chemical elements-Rb and Sr-of the grain size separation were tested and analyzed systematically in this paper.Then the elements compositions of these samples are measured using VP-320 mode fluorescence spectrum instrument,respectively.The magnetic susceptibility of these samples is measured using Kappabridge KLY-3 mode instrument made in Czech AGICO Company.The results showed the elements and the ratios varied regularly with the grain size.But the ratio of Rb/Sr in the sediments〈20μm correlates positively with the magnetic susceptibility of these samples.Therefore,the ratio of Rb/Sr in the fraction〈20 μm from the lake sediments reflected the strengthening of the weathering in the deposition sites.It is a good indicator of the summer monsoon-induced weathering and pedogenesis fluctuations and can be used to reconstruct the conditions of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment.     

城乡交错带人地系统的特征及其演变机制分析

城乡交错带位于城市与乡村交互作用的地带,是我国２１世纪人地关系最为紧张的地区。从区域的角度,揭示城乡交错带人地关系地域关系的特征,分析其动态演变机制,对该地区合理开发利用资源,协调人地矛盾,实现社会经济的可持续发展具有指导意义。     

我国资源环境对城镇化问题的影响因素

城镇化问题是当代中国社会经济发展的综合性重大问题。涉及到国民经济如何协调发展,达到一个新水平 的根本问题;也涉及到我国的资源环境合理开发利用与长远保护的可持续发展问题。 我国是世界上人多地少、资源十分有限的发展中国家。人口基数达13 亿人,城镇总人口的绝对数量也是世界 最大的国家。因此,资源环境对我国城镇化的影响是巨大的,也是非常深刻的。本论文从我国的城市化概念出发,深 入论述资源环境基础对我国城镇化的影响与制约因素,并对我国的国情条件作了辩证的分析研究。按照科学发展 观的思想,对我国今后城镇化发展提出了符合我国国情健康发展的城镇化道路及其对策。     

黄土丘陵区小流域土地利用变化对生态环境的影响：以延安市羊圈沟？…

选择黄土丘陵沟壑区的羊圈沟流域,应用地理信息系统和野外采样技术,从小流域,坡面和单一土地利用类型三个尺度层次研究土地利用变化对流域土壤侵蚀,土壤养分和土壤水分的影响。结果发现：１９９６年比１９８４年该流域坡耕地减少４３％,林地增加了４２％,草地增加了５％,土壤侵蚀量减少了２４％。     

基于新浪微博的省域出游驱动力空间分布特征

信息化社会下的旅游流空间分布特征是一个全新的研究视角。从中国大陆31个省份中选取69个A级景区,利用新浪微博,获取省域范围内的粉丝分布情况。从总体、区域和主要出游地区3个方面,提取省域出游驱动力的空间分布特征。在微博用户的关系视角下,全国出游驱动力分布呈现明显差异,广东、北京两地在出游驱动力方面遥遥领先;通过省份-景点微博关系矩阵构成的出游驱动有向流发现,和东部地区的联系几乎占了全国出游驱动流的全部,而全国旅游接待的分布却相对均衡;最后,还发现了5个主要的聚类出游地区,并分析其特征。     

甘肃黄土高原农业水分条件研究

计算分析了甘肃黄土高原的降水变化,农田蒸散和农作物水分亏缺的特征及其对农业生产的影响,表明区域主要降水特征均不利于农业生产;农田蒸散强烈,土壤水分亏缺严重;农作物水分供南非差额大,其水分适宜度低,降水产量指数小。