Analytical study on the ultimate embedment depth of drag anchors

The ultimate embedment depth (UED) is a very important index in evaluating the performance of drag anchors, and hence is of necessity to evaluate the UED precisely in design and analysis. On the other hand, the UED is also a key parameter in predicting the kinematic trajectory of drag anchors in soils by numerical or analytical methods. In this paper, analytical derivations are developed to express the UED not only in clay but also in sand. By analyzing and describing equilibrium forces acting on the anchor and embedded drag line, and the interaction between them at the UED, concise expressions are formulated for predicting the UED in terms of characteristics of the anchor, drag line and soil. Considering that the exact values of the various parameters are seldom known, a parametric analysis is performed systematically. In order to check the applicability and precision, expressions of the UED in clay are compared comprehensively with the other prediction methods. Specially designed tests are also carried out in a model experimental system, and the measured data are used to examine the expression of UED in sand.     

晚中新世以来孟加拉-尼科巴扇跷跷板式沉积转换及其源-汇成因机制

利用沉积转换事件再造关键变革期的构造活动和气候演变是源-汇系统研究的新动向和切入点。新生代以来,印度大陆与亚洲大陆的汇聚隆升以及喜马拉雅-青藏高原的剥蚀、向孟加拉湾的物质输入,形成了当今世界上最大的源-汇系统(喜马拉雅-孟加拉湾源-汇系统)。利用3D地震数据和IODP 354与362航次获取的碎屑锆石数据揭示了晚中新世以来孟加拉-尼科巴扇沉积转换事件及其源-汇成因机制。研究认为尼科巴扇和孟加拉扇经历了此消彼长的沉积建造过程:尼科巴扇经历了“晚中新世快速进积→上新世缓慢建造→第四纪相对静止”的建造过程;而孟加拉扇经历了“晚中新世相对静止→上新世缓慢建造→第四纪快速进积”的沉积建造过程。喜马拉雅-孟加拉湾源-汇系统碎屑锆石年龄核密度统计结果显示:晚中新世以来,指示古布拉马普特拉河迁移演化路径的60~0 Ma碎屑锆石在若开-尼科巴扇呈现出逐渐减少的变化趋势,而在孟加拉扇呈现出逐渐增多的变化趋势。这一碎屑锆石年龄核密度变化特征表明:(1)在晚中新世,古布拉马普特拉河主沉积物分散路径靠近孟加拉湾东部一侧发育且大量碎屑颗粒向尼科巴扇搬运分散,形成“快速进积的尼科巴扇和相对静止的孟加拉扇”;(2)在上新世初,青藏高原隆升所诱发的西隆高原抬升使古布拉马普特拉河向西迁移分流,在古西隆高原北缘Mikir山附近分流为东西两支,东支向尼科巴扇搬运分散的碎屑颗粒开始减少,而西支向孟加拉扇搬运分散的碎屑颗粒开始增多,形成“以缓慢建造为演化特征的尼科巴-孟加拉扇”;(3)在第四纪初,印度板块-亚洲板块最强碰撞造成青藏高原最强隆升并达到最大海拔高度,古布拉马普特拉河东支袭夺废弃,向尼科巴扇卸载的沉积物相应显著减少,而古布拉马普特拉河西支与恒河并流后向孟加拉扇卸载的沉积物亦相应显著增加,形成“相对静止的尼科巴扇和快速进积的孟加拉扇”。由此可见,尼科巴-孟加拉扇“此消彼长的跷跷板式沉积转换事件”是古布拉马普特拉河沉积物分散路径迁移演化的源-汇响应;其在上新世-第四纪之交发生了一起最为显著的沉积转换事件,其是上新世晚期印度板块-亚洲板块碰撞的源-汇响应。     

福泉磨坊晚震旦世磷块岩矿床地质特征及沉积环境

福泉磨坊磷块岩矿床是贵州瓮福磷矿的八大矿段之一.主要磷矿层赋存于晚震旦系上统陡山沱组上部,有砂砾状、致密状、团块状及条带状几种矿石类型。矿体厚度品位沿倾向均有线性变化规律;矿体间存在一有相当规模的无矿带,矿石露头局部见磷质叠层石;矿石中磷酸盐矿物以胶磷矿,伴生矿物以白云石为主;碘呈分散状态赋存于磷酸盐矿物中;矿体氧化带深度17～75m,浅部矿石质量优良。矿床成因类型属生物化学沉积的磷酸盐矿床。     

The Late Cretaceous source-to-sink system at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau: Insights from the provenance of the Lanping Basin

The surface uplift of the Tibetan Plateau(TP) and its geomorphology evolution has triggered aridification of Asia's interior and drainage development at the eastern margin of the plateau.However, how the pre-Cenozoic early growth histories of the TP impact the drainage system and climate is poorly constrained.The Late Mesozoic Lacustrine evaporite-bearing basins on the eastern margin of the TP record significant information on the uplift of the source terranes, source-to-sink system development and climate change.In this study, we presented detrital zircon U–Pb ages from the Upper Cretaceous Yunlong Formation in the Lanping Basin, as well as Hf isotopic, petrographic, direct statistical, and multidimensional scaling analyses, and use them to characterize the provenance and reconstruct the drainage system.All of the samples have five major age peaks at 200–290 Ma, 400–490 Ma,750–1000 Ma, 1750–1950 Ma, and 2400–2600 Ma with mostly negative ε_(Hf)(t) values(81%).We infer the sediments are primarily derived from recycled sediments of the Songpan-Garze terrane, and partly from the Sichuan Basin and the Southern Qiangtang terrane, as well as the exposed magmatic rocks of the Yidun Arc and SongpanGarze terrane.The provenance features of the contemporaneous sediments from the Sichuan, Xichang, Chuxiong,and Simao basins indicate a complex hierarchical drainage pattern on the eastern margin of the TP during the Late Cretaceous.The hierarchical drainage system exhibits a complete gradational cycle of lake-basin types from overfilled freshwater Sichuan Basin through balanced fill saline Xichang Basin and underfilled hypersaline Chuxiong, Lanping, Simao, and Khorat Plateau basins from proximal to distal.The early growth of the TP primarily controlled the drainage and lake-basin evolution by not only causing the uplift and exhumation of the source areas and providing large amounts of clastic material to the proximal sub-drainage areas but also intensifying the aridity and deposition of evaporites.     

湖北潜江凹陷古近系深层富钾卤水矿床特征及成因

潜江凹陷富钾卤水矿床是我国古近纪重要的卤水矿床之一,本文在详细的野外地质调查基础上,结合二维、三维地震解译,测井解译,室内化学分析,研究了该矿床储层特征、卤水赋存规律和地球化学特征,探讨了其矿床成因。富钾卤水主要赋存于古近系渐新统潜江组,含矿面积达1630km2,水化学类型主要为硫酸钠亚型,次为氯化钙型、硫酸镁亚型和碳酸盐型。卤水总矿化度平均值为280.94g/L,酸碱度在5~9之间。卤水储集体为砂岩,卤水矿床的分布主要受砂体展布的控制,各卤水组底板埋深表现出"一洼两斜坡"的展布特征,矿体厚度自北而南累积厚度减薄,东西方向以向斜为中心,累积厚度向东或向西逐渐增加。在平面上与沉积时期古地貌密切联系,在蚌湖、王场和周矶向斜沉降中心卤水矿化度最大,氯化钾、B2O3、LiCl、Br等微量元素含量相对较高,达到综合利用或工业品位。     

鄱阳湖水位变化对候鸟栖息地的影响

鄱阳湖越冬候鸟保护最重要的环节是保护栖息地,候鸟栖息地的面积和空间分布随水位过程而变化.在分析认定鄱阳湖湿地景观分类中水陆过渡带及其上下摆动区(稀疏草滩区和浅水区)为越冬候鸟主要栖息地的基础上,选择不同水位的遥感影像资料,经解译定量分析不同水位水陆过渡带面积及其空间分布,从而分析不同水位条件对候鸟柄息地的影响.进而分析...     

Potash Mineral Characteristics and Geochemical Studies in the West of Bieletan Section

正Qarhan Salt Lake is located in the eastern part of the Qaidam Basin,which is first discovered the large potash deposit in the late 1950s.The Bieletan section is located in the west of Qarhan Salt Lake,where saline sediment     

Minerogenic Theory of the Superlarge Lop Nur Potash Deposit, Xinjiang, China

Located in the eastern part of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang, the Lop Nur was an ultimate water catchment area of the Tarim basin during the Quaternary. Through nearly ten years of investigation and research, the authors have found a superlarge brine potash deposit in the Luobei subbasitv—a secondary basin of the Lop Nur depression. The deposit has been mined now. On that basis, the authors propose new theories on the genesis of the potash rock deposit. In the tectonic and geomorphologic contexts, the Tarim basin lies in a “high mountain-deep basin” environment. At the beginning of the Quaternary, influenced by the neotectonic movement, the Lop Nur evolved into a “deep basin” in the Tarim basin. At the end of the middle Pleistocene, neotectonic migration began to take place in the interior of the Lop Nur and a new secondary deep basin—the Luobei subbasin—formed gradually. Despite its small area, it is actually the deepest subbasin in the Lop Nur depression, where brines of the Lop Nur Salt Lake gather and evaporate, thus providing materials for the formation of a superlarge brine potash rock deposit. With respect to the phenomenon of brine concentration and change with deepening of the lake, the authors propose a model of “high mountain-deep basin” tectonic migration for potash concentration. In the sedimentological context, the honeycomb-shaped voids developed in glauberite rock in the subbasin are good space for potash-rich brine accumulation. Study indicates that the deposition of glauberite requires recharge of calcium-rich water.In the Tarim area the calcium-rich water might come from deep formation water or oilfield water, and the river water recharging the Lop Nur Salt Lake was rich in sulfate radicals and other components; in addition, the climate in the area was very dry and the brine evaporated steadily, thus resulting in deposition of substantial amount of glauberite, potash accumulation in intercrystal brine and final formation of the potash deposit. Generally, potash formation in a salt lake undergoes a three-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)→chlorides (halite etc.)”, but in the study area there only occurred a two-stage process of “carbonates→sulfates (gypsum and glauberite)”. The authors call this new geological phenomenon the “two-stage potash formation” model. In conclusion, the superlarge Lop Nur potash deposit is the result of combined “high mountain-deep basin” tectonism and “two-stage potash formation”.     

应用泊松耿贝尔分布估算海上极端风速

采用泊松耿贝尔分布,基于中国气象局发布的《CMA-STI热带气旋最佳路径数据集》资料来估算海上极端风速,并以上川岛气象站多年实测资料通过概率评估来加以验证。结果表明,采用泊松耿贝尔分布可以得到较为保守的海上极值风速取值。对于海上的小面积区域的重现期风速估算,采用50 km半径区域进行评估,可以得到较为合理的估算结果,当评估区域较大时,则需考虑适当扩大评估半径。     

西北地区高填方地基沉降的预测模型研究及分析

沉降变形一直都是困扰填方工程的关键问题,原始地基中存在的湿陷性黄土与粉质黏土会导致沉降增大以及不均匀沉降等现象的发生.因此,做好工程的沉降监测和工后预测,对于保障高填方地基的稳定性至关重要.笔者以西北某机场迁建工程中高填方沉降监测数据作为依据,分别应用双曲线、对数和指数拟合曲线对填方地基的沉降进行预测、分析与对比,总结...