PETROCHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY EVIDENCES FOR THE WEATHERING PROCESS OF THE WEATHERING PITS ON ROCK SURFACES OF MOUNTAIN LAOSHAN,CHINA

2011年5月对崂山山顶风化坑进行考察和采样,通过对风化坑内碎屑和坑外岩石的粉晶X射线衍射矿物分析、X射线荧光光谱化学全量分析,研究了风化坑内外的矿物风化及各元素迁移特征,对风化坑的成因过程进行探讨.研究结果表明:1)崂山山顶风化坑碎屑的英长比总是大于其周边岩石的英长比,说明风化坑的形成是花岗岩造岩矿物差异风化的结果;2)风化坑风化过程中被风化的岩石矿物主要是条纹长石和钾长石;3)风化坑中大量的Mg和Ca主要是外部加入的;4)崂山山顶风化坑内碎屑,坑外岩石面均受到化学风化的作用;5)崂山山顶风化坑内外的风化指数CIA值并不反映崂山当地的气候,山上山下CIA值的差异是风化时间长短不同造成的;6)LOI能很好地反映崂山风化坑内外风化强度的差异,说明长石主要在水解作用下发生分解,也说明了风化坑的积水成因.     

相山及邻区七个火山盆地火山岩岩性特征及成因探讨

本文研究赣杭构造带西南端相山及其邻区7个火山盆地主体岩石的特征和成因,从地质产状、岩性、岩石化学等方面做了论述。采用了红外光谱、矿物包裹体、高温实验等研究方法,探讨了岩石的形成机理。相山主体岩石是一种成因特殊的火山碎屑（斑）熔岩,即岩颈碎屑熔岩和岩流碎屑熔岩。相山等火山盆地主体岩石边部的塑性岩屑不是熔离成因,而是由火山喷发作用形成的。火山碎屑熔岩中的斜长石牌号变化大,钾长石主要是低透长石,表明岩石的形成具有高温特征。不同岩石相的矿物中的熔融包裹体有明显的形态标型。碎眉熔岩中的石英碎斑结构,主要是高温热炸裂成因的。7个火山盆地中的主体岩石可划分两大类:相山、玉华山和礼陂火山盆地的主体岩石是火山碎屑熔岩;高家、林家、谙源和谭港火山盆地的主体岩石是弱熔结凝灰岩。     

CH4 inclusions in orogenic harzburgite: Evidence for reduced slab fluids and implication for redox melting in mantle wedge

Fluids released from the subducting oceanic lithosphere are generally accepted to cause mantle wedge peridotite melting that produces arc magmas. These fluids have long been considered to be dominated by highly oxidized H₂O and CO₂ as inferred from erupted arc lavas. This inference is also consistent with the geochemistry of peridotite xenoliths in some arc basalts. However, the exact nature of these fluids in the mantle wedge melting region is unknown. Here, we report observations of abundant CH₄ + C + H₂ fluid inclusions in olivine of a fresh orogenic harzburgite in the Early Paleozoic Qilian suture zone in Northwest China. The petrotectonic association suggests that this harzburgite body represents a remnant of a Paleozoic mantle wedge exhumed subsequently in response to the tectonic collision. The mineralogy, mineral compositions and bulk-rock trace element systematics of the harzburgite corroborate further that the harzburgite represents a high-degree melting residue in a mantle wedge environment. Furthermore, existing and new C, He, Ne and Ar isotopes of these fluid inclusions are consistent with their being of shallow (i.e., crustal vs. deep mantle) origin, likely released from serpentinized peridotites and sediments of the subducting oceanic lithosphere. These observations, if common to subduction systems, provide additional perspectives on mantle wedge melting and subduction-zone magmatism. That is, mantle wedge melting may in some cases be triggered by redox reactions; the highly reduced (∼ΔFMQ-5, i.e., 5 log units below the fayalite-magnetite-quartz oxygen fugacity buffer) CH₄-rich fluids released from the subducting slab interact with the relatively oxidized (∼ΔFMQ-1) mantle wedge peridotite, producing H₂O and CO₂ that then lowers the solidus and incites partial melting for arc magmatism. The significance of slab-component contribution to the geochemistry of arc magmatism would depend on elemental selection and solubility in highly reduced fluids, for which experimental data are needed. We do not advocate the above to be the primary mechanism of arc magmatism, but we do suggest that the observed highly reduced fluids are present in mantle wedge peridotites and their potential roles in arc magmatism need attention.     

Geochemical Features of Ophiolite in Mianxian Lueyang Suture Zone，Qinling Orogenic Belt

ＧｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌＦｅａｔｕｒｅｓｏｆＯｐｈｉｏｌｉｔｅｉｎＭｉａｎｘｉａｎＬｕｅｙａｎｇＳｕｔｕｒｅＺｏｎｅ，ＱｉｎｌｉｎｇＯｒｏｇｅｎｉｃＢｅｌｔＬａｉＳｈａｏｃｏｎｇ；ＺｈａｎｇＧｕｏｗｅｉ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＧｅｏｌｏｇｙ，Ｎｏｒｔ...     

P-T Paths Derived from Garnet Growth Zoning in Danba Domal Metamorphic Terrain, Sichuan Province, West China

Danba (丹巴) domal metamorphic terrain belongs to Songpan (松潘)-Ganze (甘孜) orogenic belt, where typical Barrovian and Buchan metamorphic zones are preserved. The former included chlorite, biotite, garnet, staurolite, kyanite and sillimanite zones, while the latter only developed silimanite+muscovite and sillimanite+K-feldspar zones. Integrated study has been carried on metamorphic reactions of garnet production and consumption, P-T paths and P-T-X-M phase relation and thermal tectonic model for Danba metamorphic zones. Petrological textures in thin sections show that garnet production and consumption in kyanite-sillimanite zone is mainly attributed to ChI+Ms+PI+Q=Grt+Bt+H2O and kyanite=sillimanite respectively. Based on mineral compositions, the geothermobarometry gives an average P, T condition of (4.9±0.3)×108 Pa, 543±30℃ for the first growth stage of the garnet and (5.8±0.3)±108 Pa, 534±29 ℃ for the second stage of garnet growth respectively. Anti-counter clockwise P-T paths were drawn using Gibbs method by NCMnKFMASH system for sample G98686 in the kyanite zone. The P-T-X-M modeling for the first mineral assemblages shows that the prediction is similar to the measured values in gossular, almandine and spessartine but mole fraction of pyrope and Fe/(Fe+Mg) deviated far from the contours; while that for the second mineral assemblages exhibits that the prediction is consistent with the measured value of pyrope, grossular content and Fe/(Fe+Mg) of garnet. A thermal tectonic model that there are at least three structure levels across the thrnst-decollement zones is presented according to the P-T paths, metamorphic grades and deformation styles for the staurolite-kyanite zone of the Barroviau type metamorphism, which will provide some constraints for the evolution of the nappe complex.     

X荧光勘查金矿技术的应用与进展

本文介绍了 X荧光勘查金矿技术及找金成果 ,并论述了该技术的进展     

辽东湾辽东带中南部古近纪古地貌恢复和演化及其对沉积体系的控制

采用井-震联合地层恢复法，对辽东湾辽东带中南部的古近纪进行了古地貌恢复。在此基础上拓宽了坡折带研究，将古地貌（包括古坡折带、古沟谷、古凸起等）纳入古物源供给系统的框架内探讨其对沉积体系的控制作用。分析表明：在构建完整物源供给系统的前提下，古地貌诸单元及其组合样式对沉积体系有着明显的控制作用。主要表现为：不同级次的物源体系导致沉积体类型和规模存在差异；物源区沟谷的分布及其赋存时期制约着砂体的主要分布位置、时期及规模；坡折带样式决定砂体的类型、规模及分布；古地貌组合样式控制储集体的成因、富集位置和规模大小。因此，古地貌分析对储层的预测和识别具有明显的指导作用。勘探实践证明，将其与常规储层预测方法联用，能够很大程度地提高储层预测的精度。     

试论温室效应对我国西部河川径流的影响

大气中日益增多的温室气体使我国西部地区的气候近三四十年来出现了干暖化趋势，导致河川径流量明显减少。据统计，从５０年代后半期到８０年代，新疆地区的河种径流量减少了６．４％，西藏东南部的３条大河从６０年代到８０年代则平均减少了１３．２％，其减少量大于新疆，这主要是因为气温升高使冰雪融水增加，新疆的河流受到冰雪融水的补偿，虽然西藏东南部的河注也有冰川存在，甚至冰种覆盖面积远大于新疆一些内陆河流域，但那里     

安徽明光石坝地区新近纪地层层序的厘定

安徽明光石坝地区新近纪地层划分方案不一 ,通过地层剖面的测制和利用构造—岩性—岩相法进行地质填图 ,系统采集 ESR测年样 ,并结合区域对比 ,自下而上将该区新近纪地层划分为下草湾组、桂五组。其中下草湾组为原“下草湾组”的下段 ,时代为中新世 ;桂五组则包括原“下草湾组”的上段 ,时代为上新世。     

中国不同区域能源消费碳足迹的时空变化(英文)

Study on regional carbon emission is one of the hot topics under the background of global climate change and low-carbon economic development, and also help to establish different low-carbon strategies for different regions. On the basis of energy consumption and land use data of different regions in China from 1999 to 2008, this paper established carbon emission and carbon footprint models based on total energy consumption, and calculated the amount of carbon emissions and carbon footprint in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. The author also analyzed carbon emission density and per unit area carbon footprint for each region. Finally, advices for decreasing carbon footprint were put forward. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Carbon emissions from total energy consumption increased 129% from 1999 to 2008 in China, but its spatial distribution pattern among different regions just slightly changed, the sorting of carbon emission amount was: Eastern China > Northern China > Central and Southern China > Southwest China > Northwest China. (2) The sorting of carbon emission density was: Eastern China > Northeast China > Central and Southern China > Northern China > Southwest China > Northwest China from 1999 to 2003, but from 2004 Central and Southern China began to have higher carbon emission density than Northeast China, the order of other regions did not change. (3) Carbon footprint increased significantly since the rapid increasing of carbon emissions and less increasing area of pro-ductive land in different regions of China from 1999 to 2008. Northern China had the largest carbon footprint, and Northwest China, Eastern China, Northern China, Central and Southern China followed in turn, while Southwest China presented the lowest area of carbon footprint and the highest percentage of carbon absorption. (4) Mainly influenced by regional land area, Northern China presented the highest per unit area carbon footprint and followed by Eastern China, and Northeast China; Central and Southern China, and Northwest China had a similar medium per unit area carbon footprint; Southwest China always had the lowest per unit area carbon footprint. (5) China faced great ecological pressure brought by carbon emission. Some measures should be taken both from reducing carbon emission and increasing carbon absorption.