山西离柳集团化肥厂雷击原因分析及防雷方案

离柳集团化肥厂几乎每年均遭受雷害侵袭造成较大损失。本文对雷击原因（特别是DCS系统雷击原因）进行了系统分析并提出综合防雷方案。该方案2007年实施后取得良好的防雷效果。     

青狮潭暴雨气候特征统计分析

对1981～2006年3～8月份青狮潭水库各水文雨量站点重大降雨的时空分布,重大暴雨过程的主要影响系统的特征做了统计分析.结果表明:青狮潭暴雨、大暴雨的年际、月际分布很不均,90年代是暴雨高峰期,是80年代和21世纪以来的1.6倍左右.5～6月是暴雨过程集中期.从各月各站点的暴雨过程分布看,北部站点明显多于南部站点.暴雨雨带与湘桂走廊相近.低层系统以锋面最多,低空急流次之,第三为西南涡.通过分析,揭示了青狮潭降水基本气候特征和基本影响系统,对提高局地暴雨预报准确率、促进重大暴雨的预报服务工作和提高桂林城乡供水、农业灌溉、防洪、漓江旅游补水工程都有着重要意义.     

一次中尺度对流系统（MβCS）触发特大暴雨机理研究

采用MICAPS提供常规和非常规资料,通过对2008年4月12日出现在桂东南大暴雨的大尺度环流背景和中尺度对流系统及发生发展机制研究后认为:(1)中高纬地区呈现"两槽一脊型",为冷空气的南下提供了有利的环流条件,高原槽和南支槽的东移为暴雨的产生提供了有利的动力、水汽条件;(2)高低层急流形成优质配置,高层强辐散与中低层强辐合及强上升运动为MβCS的发生发展提供了有利的动力条件;(3)水汽通量和水汽通量散度的强辐合以及对流不稳定为MβCS的发生发展提供了有利的热力条件;(4)最强降水时段主要发生在MβCS突然增强阶段.     

浅谈气象短信的用语问题

气象短信即传送气象信息,又蕴含着气象服务的浓郁的人文关怀,因此正确使用词语尤为重要.遗憾的是,部分气象短信中存在用语不当、内容表述不够准确简练等问题,并分别举例进行论述,期望引起气象短信编写人员的重视.     

张家界大雾的气候特征及影响因子分析

本文通过对1958～2008年张家界地区的永定、桑植、慈利三个地面观测站51年雾日变化的研究,发现其都存在6年左右的年际变化周期;一年中大雾天气最多出现在冬季和秋末;张家界地区全天都有出现大雾的可能,但主要出现在早上,到了13h出现大雾的几率开始变得非常小;不同的地理环境也使三个站的雾日分布不均.晴朗辐射降温、微风、近地面水汽充沛和出现逆温层是形成辐射雾的有利条件.     

ADTD雷击探测仪的硬件结构及故障判断

主要介绍了ADTD雷击探测仪的模块组合及结构,阐述了利用指示灯工作状态判断故障的基本思路及检查、排除故障的方法。     

Compositions and source apportionments of atmospheric aerosol during Asian dust storm and local pollution in central Taiwan

A study has been carried out on water soluble ions, trace elements, as well as PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 elemental and organic carbon samples collected daily from Central Taiwan over a one year period in 2005. A source apportionment study was performed, employing a Gaussian trajectory transfer coefficient model (GTx) to the results from 141 sets of PM_2.5 and PM_2.5–10 samples. Two different types of PM₁₀ episodes, local pollution (LOP) and Asian dust storm (ADS) were observed in this study. The results revealed that relative high concentrations of secondary aerosols (NO₃⁻, SO₄²⁻ and NH₄⁺) and the elements Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As were observed in PM_2.5 during LOP periods. However, sea salt species (Na⁺ and Cl⁻) and crustal elements (e.g., Al, Fe, Mg, K, Ca and Ti) of PM_2.5–10 showed a sharp increase during ADS periods. Anthropogenic source metals, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and As, as well as coarse nitrate also increased with ADS episodes. Moreover, reconstruction of aerosol compositions revealed that soil of PM_2.5–10 elevated approximately 12–14% in ADS periods than LOP and Clear periods. A significantly high ratio of non-sea salt sulfate to elemental carbon (NSS-SO₄²⁻/EC) of PM_2.5–10 during ADS periods was associated with higher concentrations of non-sea-salt sulfates from the industrial regions of China. Source apportionment analysis showed that 39% of PM₁₀, 25% of PM_2.5, 50% of PM_2.5–10, 42% of sulfate and 30% of nitrate were attributable to the long range transport during ADS periods, respectively.     

Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000

Daily precipitation rates observed at 576 stations in China from 1961 to 2000 were classified into six grades of intensity, including trace （no amount）, slight （≤ 1 mm d^-1）, small, large, heavy, and very heavy. The last four grades together constitute the so called effective precipitation （〉 1 mm d^-1）. The spatial distribution and temporal trend of the graded precipitation days are examined. A decreasing trend in trace precipitation days is observed for the whole of China, except at several sites in the south of the middle section of the Yangtze River, while a decreasing trend in slight precipitation days only appears in eastern China. The decreasing trend and interannual variability of trace precipitation days is consistent with the warming trend and corresponding temperature variability in China for the same period, indicating a possible role played by increased surface air temperature in cloud formation processes. For the effective precipitation days, a decreasing trend is observed along the Yellow River valley and for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, while an increasing trend is found for Xinjiang, the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China and Southeast China. The decreasing trend of effective precipitation days for the middle- lower Yellow River valley and the increasing trend for the lower Yangtze River valley are most likely linked to anomalous monsoon circulation in East China. The most important contributor to the trend in effective precipitation depends upon the region concerned.     

重庆10 kV高压输电线路雷击火灾事故分析

针对2007年7月12日重庆华浩冶炼有限公司粉末厂火灾事故,用力学性能分析和剩余磁场测试相结合的方法对该厂火灾发生处的10 kV高压输电线路进行鉴定,并结合雷电天气分析,得出该火灾事故是由雷击10 kV高压输电线路造成。该方法为在没有安装录波器和闪电计数器的情况下,判断输电线路故障是否由于雷击引起提供参考。