综合气象观测系统业务运行综合评估技术研究

综合气象观测网运行监控系统是我国气象探测设备运行保障的实时业务系统.文章以装备技术保障工程理论为基础,按可靠性、维修性、保障性、业务性、经济性等多个范畴,从装备运行状态、装备性能参数、探测数据质量、通信传输、供应保障、维护维修等方面,提出了针对我国综合气象观测网中各类设备的运行、维护和保障等工作进行综合评估的技术方法,...     

Lateral extrusion along the Altyn Tagh Fault,Qilian Shan (NE Tibet): insight from a 3D crustal budget

The lithospheric strike‐slip Altyn Tagh Fault has accommodated hundreds of kilometres of displacement between the Qaidam and Tarim blocks since its Eocene reactivation. However, the way the deformation is accommodated in the Qilian Shan and further east remains uncertain. Based on 360 km of north‐eastward migration of the relatively rigid Qaidam block along the Altyn Tagh Fault and 3D isovolumetric balancing of the crustal deformation within the Altyn Tagh Fault–Qilian Shan system, we demonstrate that 250 ± 28 km (43.8–49.4%) of N20E directed crustal shortening and an additional ~250–370 km of eastward motion of the Qilian Shan crust must be accounted for by strike‐slip faulting in the Qilian Shan and crustal thickening in the Qinling area, as well as by extension in the adjoining North China block graben systems.     

Non-Linear Theory and Power-Law Models for Information Integration and Mineral Resources Quantitative Assessments

Singular physical or chemical processes may result in anomalous amounts of energy release or mass accumulation that, generally, are confined to narrow intervals in space or time. Singularity is a property of different types of non-linear natural processes including cloud formation, rainfall, hurricanes, flooding, landslides, earthquakes, wildfires, and mineralization. The end products of these non-linear processes can be modeled as fractals or multifractals. Hydrothermal processes in the Earth’s crust can result in ore deposits characterized by high concentrations of metals with fractal or multifractal properties. Here we show that the non-linear properties of the end products of singular mineralization processes can be applied for prediction of undiscovered mineral deposits and for quantitative mineral resource assessment, whether for mineral exploration or for regional, national and global planning for mineral resource utilization. In addition to the general theory and framework for the non-linear mineral resources assessment, this paper focuses on several power-law models proposed for characterizing non-linear properties of mineralization and for geoinformation extraction and integration. The theories, methods, and computer system discussed in this paper were validated using a case study dealing with hydrothermal Au mineral potential in southern Nova Scotia, Canada.     

Multifractal modeling and spatial statistics

In general, the multifractal model provides more information about measurements on spatial objects than a fractal model. It also results in mathematical equations for the covariance function and semivariogram in spatial statistics which are determined primarily by the second-order mass exponent. However, these equations can be approximated by power-law relations which are comparable directly to equations based on fractal modeling. The multifractal approach is used to describe the underlying spatial structure of De Wijs 's example of zinc values from a sphalerite-bearing quartz vein near Pulacayo, Bolivia. It is shown that these data are multifractal instead of fractal, and that the second-order mass exponent (=0.979±0.011 for the example) can be used in spatial statistical analysis.     

浅海孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺浅析

主要介绍了浅海海域锆钛砂矿勘查中采用孔底锤击绳索取芯钻探工艺的原理、注意事项并简单介绍工程实例。经实践证明该工艺具有较好的使用价值,可以推广到工程钻探中。     

新滩滑坡后两岸边坡的位移监测及形变趋势

本文介绍新滩滑坡后两岸边坡监测的工作,对边坡变形提出了趋势意见。认为新滩斜坡目前正处于整体稳定下的局部调整阶段,变形缓慢平稳,但要注视广家崖的危岩动态;链子崖仍有趋势性的倾江形变。5—6号缝围成的7万方危岩及江段的5万方危岩体尚有一触即崩之势,须加强监视。     

ECOLOGIC ENVIRONMENT OF TARIM RIVER AND ITS PROTECTIVE PROGRAMME

ＥＣＯＬＯＧＩＣ ＥＮＶＩＲＯＮＭＥＮＴ ＯＦ ＴＡＲＩＭ ＲＩＶＥＲ ＡＮＤ ＩＴＳ ＰＲＯＴＥＣＴＩＶＥ ＰＲＯＧＲＡＭＭＥ ＣｈｅｎｇＱｉｃｈｏｕ（程其畴）ＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅ...     

Temporal–spatial variability of atmospheric and hydrological natural disasters during recent 500 years in Inner Mongolia,China

Natural Hazards - Inner Mongolia, located in the northern China, is a natural disaster-prone region. This study is dedicated to making a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the...     

Gamma-ray bursts: optical afterglows in the deep Newtonian phase

Gamma-ray burst remnants become trans-relativistic typically in days to tens of days, and they enter the deep Newtonian phase in tens of days to months, during which the majority of shock-accelerated electrons will no longer be highly relativistic. However, a small portion of electrons are still accelerated to ultra-relativistic speeds and are capable of emitting synchrotron radiation. The distribution function for electrons is re-derived here so that synchrotron emission from these relativistic electrons can be calculated. Based on the revised model, optical afterglows from both isotropic fireballs and highly collimated jets are studied numerically, and compared to analytical results. In the beamed cases, it is found that, in addition to the steepening due to the edge effect and the lateral expansion effect, the light curves are universally characterized by a flattening during the deep Newtonian phase.     

Methods and applications of 3-D wave equation common-azimuth prestack migration

To tackle the difficulties of a 3-D full volume prestack migration based on the double-square-root (DSR) one-way wave equation in practical applications, the common-azimuth migration approach is first discussed using dual-domain wave propagators under the theoretical frame of crossline common-offset migration. Through coordinate transforming, a common-azimuth prestack tau migration technology that recursively continues the source and receiver wavefields and picks up the migrated results in the two-way vertical traveltime (tau) direction is developed. The migrations of synthetic data sets of SEG/EAGE salt model prove that our common-azimuth migration approaches are effective in both depth and tau domains. Two real data examples show the advantages of wave-theory based prestack migration methods in accuracy and imaging resolution over the conventional Kirchhoff integral methods. Translated from Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2006, 41(6): 629–634 [译自: 石油地球物理勘探]