基于居民认知视角的小城镇群网化影响因素分析——以常州市为例

伴随着市场经济的发展,小城镇群网化对区域间要素流动和城乡一体化发展的重要性逐渐显现。利用2011年7月对常州市小城镇镇区常住居民的随机抽样调查数据,对调查样本和居民认知情况进行了统计分析;运用累积Logistic模型,分析了居民认知视角下小城镇群网化发展的影响因素。结果显示:居民出行交通方式、居民月消费水平、保障房制度、产业发展和集贸市场的健全程度5个因素对小城镇群网化发展影响显著,并反映出市民对小城镇群网化发展具有强烈的主观诉求,但促进小城镇群网化发展的政策供给存在不足。最后提出了促进常州市小城镇群网化发展的具体建议。     

Generation of 3D virtual geographic environment based on laser scanning technique

This paper demonstrates an experiment on the generation of 3D virtual geographic environment on the basis of experimental flight laser scanning data by a set of algorithms and methods that were developed to automatically interpret range images for extracting geo-spatial features and then to reconstruct geo-objects. The algorithms and methods for the interpretation and modeling of laser scanner data include triangulated-irregular-net-work (TIN)-based range image interpolation; mathematical-morphology (MM)-based range image filtering, feature extraction and range image segmentation, feature generalization and optimization, 3D objects reconstruction and modeling; computergraphics (CG)-based visualization and animation of geographic virtual reality environment.     

青藏高原1985年冬季异常少雪和1986年异常多雪的环流及气候特征对比研究

利用青藏高原冬季异常积雪资料对比分析了 1 985年冬季异常少雪和 1 986年冬季异常多雪时期大气环流及热带海洋特征。分析结果表明 ,高原冬季多雪与少雪时中高纬度大气环流显著不同。与此同时 ,低纬热带环流及海洋特征也有明显的差异。探讨了造成这种差异的可能原因。     

一种新型综合检测设备的研制

介绍了一种集误码测试仪、数字示波器、调制解调器测试、24位采集器测试4大功能于一体的综合性检测设备,其适用于有线传输、无线传输的各类数字地震台及台网使用。本文阐述了该仪器的工作原理、硬件结构和主要功能。     

秭归龙会观5.1级震区及其邻区新生代以来的地壳应力场特征

为了研究三峡坝库区的地壳稳定性,根据奥陶－侏罗纪地层中构造变形的实际观测资料,计算了秭归龙会观５．１级震区及其邻区新生代以来区域应力场的主应力方向。结果表明：主压应力为北东东向,主张应力为北北西向;现代构造应力场与新生代以来应力场基本一致;晚第三纪以来,该区构造应力场相对稳定和统一。     

重庆地区夏季一次降水过程及增雨潜力的数值模拟分析

利用国家气象中心GRAPES人工增雨云系模式,选取2008年7月4日重庆地区一次降水过程进行数值模拟,分析了重庆地区降雨天气的水汽分布、云系宏微观分布、云中微物理转化和增雨潜力等特征。结果表明：本次降水大气过程中,重庆地区水汽含量极为丰富,水汽分布与地形分布呈明显的对应关系,低层水汽输送较大,整层水汽通量较高,有明显水汽辐合,云中液态水对地面降水影响很大。西南气流和地形共同作用为重庆地区液态水的形成提供了有利条件,在东北部山区迎风坡处大量水汽累积抬升,易形成丰富的液态水。重庆东北部地区水汽向云水转化较强,过冷液态水含量丰富,冰晶含量少,0℃层附近水汽垂直通量较大,降水效率较低,有较大的增雨潜力。     

地震速报区域的自动确认——以内蒙古测震台网为例

针对当前省级区域测震台网在判别边界地震是否需要速报的问题,基于内蒙古自治区行政区域的边界数据,利用几何学中包络线原理,在Matlab中将内蒙古地震速报范围以包络线的形式呈现,解译Msdp地震分析软件的数据接口,实现内蒙古地震速报区域在Msdp软件中的自动确认;对比分析地震速报区域自动确认功能的结果与现阶段手动量取方式判别地震事件是否需要速报的结果,表明地震速报区域的自动确认可提高速报业务软件系统的自动化程度,简化地震速报工作的操作流程,减少速报用时,提高速报工作的准确度。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF TECTONIC STRESS FIELD OF THE XIAOWAN RESERVOIR BEFORE AND AFTER THE IMPOUNDMENT

Using the seismic waveform data of Xiaowan seismic network and Yunnan seismic network, we determined the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015 by generalized polarity and amplitude technique. We inverted tectonic stress field of the Xiaowan reservoir before impounding, using the focal mechanisms of 36 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 3.0)from Jun. 2005 to Dec. 2008 and CAP solutions of 58 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 4.0)collected and the solutions in the Global Centroid Moment Tensor(GCMT)catalog; We inverted local stress field of the reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area, using 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)from Jan. 2009 to Dec. 2015. Focal mechanisms statistics show that, the Weixi-Qiaohou Fault is the seismic fault. Focal mechanisms were strike-slip type in initial stage, but normal fault type in later stage. Focal depths statistics of 51 earthquakes(M_L ≥ 2.5)show that, the average value of focal depths in period Ⅰ, period Ⅱ and period Ⅲ are 8.2km, 7.3km and 7.8km respectively and the standard deviations are 4.3km, 3.5km and 6.0km respectively. The average value of focal depths is basically stable in different period, only the standard deviation is slightly different. Therefore, there is not positive connection between focal depth and deviation of focal mechanisms. What's more, there are 2 earthquakes(number 46 and number 47 in Fig.5 and Table 3)with almost the same magnitude, epicenter and focal depth, but they have different faulting types as normal and strike-slip. The focal mechanism of event No.46 is strike:302°, dip:40° and rake:-97° for plane Ⅰ, however, the focal mechanism of event No.47 is strike:292°, dip:82° and rake:140° for plane Ⅰ. Likewise, earthquake of number 3 and number 18 have similar characteristic. Therefore, the obvious focal mechanism difference of similar earthquake pair indicates the complexity of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault. Considering the quiet-active character of reservoir-triggered earthquakes, we discussed the change of local stress field in different period. The σ₁ of tectonic stress field was in the near-south direction, with a dip angle of 14° before the impoundment, however, the direction of σ₁ of local stress field changed continuously, with the dip angle getting larger after the impoundment. The direction of σ₁ of local stress field of reservoir-triggered earthquake clustering area is close to the strike of Weixi-Qiaohou Fault, and reservoir impoundment increased the shear stress in the fault, so the weakening of fault was beneficial to trigger earthquakes. Comprehensive analysis suggests that fluid permeation and pore pressure diffusion caused by the water impounding, and the weakening of fault caused by local stress field are the key factors to trigger earthquake in the Xiaowan reservoir.     

An Improved Approach for Parameterizing Surface-Layer Turbulent Transfer Coefficients in Numerical Models

Based on classic iterative computation results, new equations to calculate the surface turbulent transfer coefficients are proposed, which allow for large ratios of the momentum and heat roughness lengths. Compared to the Launiainen scheme, our proposed scheme generates results closer to classical iterative computations. Under unstable stratification, the relative error in the Launiainen scheme increases linearly with increasing instability, even exceeding 15%, while the relative error of the present scheme is always less than 8.5%. Under stable stratification, the Launiainen scheme uses two equations, one for 0 < Ri _B ≤ 0.08 and another for 0.08 < Ri _B ≤ 0.2, and does not consider the condition that Ri _B > 0.2, while its relative errors in the region 0 < Ri _B ≤ 0.2 exceed 31 and 24% for momentum and heat transfer coefficients, respectively. In contrast, the present scheme uses only one equation for 0 < Ri _B ≤ 0.2 and another equation for Ri _B > 0.2, and the relative error of the present scheme is always less than 14%.     

T639数值产品对影响新疆主要系统的预报检验评估

使用T639L60模式2009—2010年1°×1°分辨率72 h预报时效内的高度场预报产品及ECMWF客观分析场,采用天气学检验方法,对新疆主要天气影响系统(西西伯利亚低槽、乌拉尔大槽、北方横槽和中亚低值系统)数值产品的预报能力进行检验。主要从影响系统生成时间、中心强度、槽线位置、移动速度4个方面进行检验。检验结果表明:T639模式对新疆影响系统具有较好的预报性能,尤其对48h内的预报能力非常高。但因影响系统和预报时效不同其预报能力也有较大差异,对越深厚的低槽系统,T639模式的预报效果越好;T639产品对西西伯利亚低槽和乌拉尔大槽出现时间预报偏早的较多,而北方横槽和中亚低值系统偏晚的多;对西西伯利亚低槽和中亚低值系统槽线位置预报偏快的较多,而乌拉尔大槽和北方横槽偏慢的多。