大同铁路分局地裂缝带的三维构造特征及其成因分析

通过实地考察、槽探和浅层地震探测等手段以及对地质构造和地下水超采环境的分析，详细地研究了大同铁路分局地裂缝带的三维构造特征，指出现今处于发展中的地裂缝带是由东向西扩展的，扩展速率为２６０～５２０ｍ／ａ，地裂缝带两侧的差异升降运动速率达２２．１～２４．４ｍｍ／ａ，主地裂缝带的水平拉张速率约１．１１～１１．６ｍｍ／ａ，垂直错动速率０．２～８．５７ｍｍ／ａ，左旋错动速率１．８７～３．５７ｍｍ／ａ。地裂缝带的活动方式为无震蠕滑型，扩展中的地裂缝是一种无震的地质灾害     

Zircon growth during subduction and exhumation metamorphism of mafic rocks,Aktyuz terrain,North Tiahshan,Kyrgyzstan

The interpretation of whether a dated metamorphic zircon generation grew during the prograde, peak or retrograde stage of a metamorphic cycle is critical to geological interpretation. This study documents a case at Aktyuz metamorphic terrain, in the southern of Kokchetav‐North Tianshan belt, involving progressive metamorphic recrystallization of mafic rock to eclogite and associated behavior of zircon. Zircons in eclogites are mainly fine grains (5 to 20 μm), and preferentially concentrated with rutile/ilmenite. They also occur as individual grains or clusters in amphibole coronas of garnet. A few larger grains commonly preserve inherited cores and evidence of dissolution and metamorphic outgrowths. Zircon grains separated from amphibolites show inherited zircons with typically magmatic feature, although this become progressively blurred in response to resorption and recrystallization. Mineral inclusions represent epidote‐amphibolite facies in the prograde metamorphism, and the embayed boundary between recrystallized domains and inherited zircons suggest fluid/melt participation. The metamorphic domains are mainly simple overgrowth around the inherited cores or recrystallization domains. The absence of peak metamorphic mineral inclusions and steep pattern of MREE‐HREE indicate no sufficient garnet formed before the metamorphic zircon overgrowth. A tiny rim with homogeneously bright CL image can be distinguished in most zircons. Amphibole inclusions have similar compositions to those in the coronas of garnets, suggesting a retrograde metamorphic origin. The inherited zircon crystallized at 880‐730 Ma, revealing similar age range to the gneiss in Aktyuz area, whereas metamorphic zircon dates prograde metamorphism at 497.9 ±1.4 Ma. In this case, the bulk Zr budget in rocks will become locked into Zr‐bearing minerals during the mafic magma intrusion, when the inherited zircon melting and resorption. The texture shows that metamorphic zircon grew both in the prograde and retrograde stage, and Zr‐bearing magmatic minerals and rutile/ilmenite are by far the main source of Zr for the two stages, respectively.     

从成矿构造动力学探讨脉状金矿床成矿深度

在综述国内外与韧性剪切带有关的脉状金矿床成矿动力学的新近研究成果后,根据成矿控矿构造动力学特征及其与成矿流体运移机制、矿物结晶特点的关系认为矿物结晶发生于地震微破裂导致成矿流体压力骤降后的低压力阶段,由矿物包裹体压力并按静岩压力梯度推算的成矿深度要明显小于矿床的实际成矿深度.本文提出一种新的成矿深度估算方法,其估算的成矿深度与目前大多数脉状金矿床中石英具有明显的韧性变形的特点相吻合.     

吉尼系数的计算及正态分布的吉尼系数

本文给出了吉尼系数的一般计算公式 ,推导出正态分布的吉尼系数渐进无偏估计 ,并以实例对比了传统的吉尼系数的算法——万分法与本文中提出的估计方法。     

广州前汛期暴雨各层天气系统特征分析

本文对广州前汛期暴雨的地面、850hPa、500hPa、200hPa系统特征进行了分析，给出了各层系统配置图，为日常预报业务提供分析依据。     

Vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai

A comparative study on the vertical distributions of aerosol optical properties during haze and floating dust weather in Shanghai was conducted based on the data obtained from a micro pulse lidar.There was a distinct difference in layer thickness and extinction coefficient under the two types of weather conditions.Aerosols were concentrated below 1 km and the aerosol extinction coefficients ranged from 0.25 to 1.50km^-1 on haze days.In contrast,aerosols with smaller extinction coefficients(0.20 0.35 km^-1) accumulated mainly from the surface to 2 km on floating dust days.The seasonal variations of extinction and aerosol optical depth（AOD） for both haze and floating dust cases were similar greatest in winter,smaller in spring,and smallest in autumn.More than 85%of the aerosols appeared in the atmosphere below 1 km during severe haze and floating dust weather.The diurnal variation of the extinction coefficient of haze exhibited a bimodal shape with two peaks in the morning or at noon,and at nightfall,respectively.The aerosol extinction coefficient gradually increased throughout the day during floating dust weather.Case studies showed that haze aerosols were generated from the surface and then lifted up,but floating dust aerosols were transported vertically from higher altitude to the surface.The AOD during floating dust weather was higher than that during haze.The boundary layer was more stable during haze than during floating dust weather.     

国外地形图成果发展综述

长期以来,地形图一直是各国测绘的重要基础地理信息成果。随着测绘科学技术的飞速发展,很多国家特别是发达国家先后完成了由传统模拟测绘生产体系向数字化测绘生产体系的转变,测绘地理信息成果日趋丰富,由过去单一的纸质地图转变为类型多样、功能各具特色的数字地图成果。分析对比美国、加拿大和德国地形图成果的形式、特点和分发服务,从而了解和掌握国际测绘地理信息发展动态,为我国地理信息产业的发展提供借鉴和参考。     

季风转换期印度洋经向热输运的年际变异及其机理

本文采用SODA3.4.2再分析数据和POP2海洋模式研究了季风转换期间（春季和秋季）热带印度洋经向热输运异常（Meridional Heat Transport Anomaly, MHTA）的年际变异特征。春季MHTA存在两个主要模态,即一致模态和辐合辐散模态：一致模态表现为热带印度洋上层一致的向北输运,受热带印度洋海温一致模相关的赤道反对称风场（赤道以北/南为东北风/西北风异常）调控;辐合辐散模态则呈现关于赤道对称的表层辐散次表层辐合特征,受控于赤道以南的热带西南印度洋和副热带东南印度洋海温偶极子。然而,秋季MHTA仅表现为辐合辐散模态,受到印度洋偶极子期间赤道东风和赤道外反气旋式风应力异常影响。此外,POP2敏感性试验也验证了印度洋海温模态影响下异常风场对MHTA的调控作用,即反对称的风引起一致向北的MHTA,赤道东风异常引起MHTA表层辐散、次表层辐合现象。因此,热带印度洋海气耦合模态年际变化对印度洋上层热量再分配有着重要的意义。     

大型海藻对富营养化海水养殖区的生物修复

随着海水养殖的快速发展,养殖水体的自身污染和富营养化已成为严重的环境问题。作为生物滤器的大型海藻可以有效地吸收、利用养殖环境中多余的氮、磷等营养物质,从而减轻养殖废水对环境的影响,并提高养殖系统的经济输出,被广泛应用于鱼、虾和贝类等的综合养殖系统中,对富营养化海水养殖区进行生物修复。文章概述了大型海藻对富营养化海水养殖区进行生物修复的原因、原理、优点、研究进展以及应用大型海藻产生的效益和需要注意的问题。并指出在富营养化海水养殖区养殖大型海藻进行生物修复的方法可以实现海水养殖业的可持续发展。