北部湾VI钻孔岩芯的重矿物组合研究

本文对北部湾XI钻孔岩芯中各种沉积相中的重矿物组合分别作了研究,结果表明,在湖相沉积物中自生黄铁矿物含量高,滨海相沉积物中稳定矿物(钛铁矿、电气石、锆石)特别富集,浅海相沉积物中则出现大量的自生海绿石,由此说明,重矿物组合的研究对阐明沉积相是有其重要意义的。     

长江口海域有害重金属转移机理——Ⅱ.粘土矿物对重金属吸附作用的热力学和动力学的实验室模拟研究

关于控制水体中重金属含量的因素,六十年代以来文献陆续有所报导.在海水体系中粘土矿物对重金属的固定作用的研究,较早期的有Chester(1965)的伊利石吸附海水中钴和锌的研究.近五年来又见有Rermers[1]、Murray[2]、Meyers[3]、O'conner[4]、Weijden[5]以及Robin[6]等进一步分别探讨了粘土矿物对重金属吸附作用的影响因素、吸附能力及吸附动力学等问题,其中有的还提出了吸附作用的模式.     

Effect of Temperature on the Fatty Acid Composition of Four Species of Marine Microalgae

For most aquacultured animals, the unsaturated fatty acids of marine microalgae have the effects of raising their rates of hatchability, survival and growth and the essential nutrients for the cultured animals such as fish and shrimp. Japanese and ROK scholars have reported that the algal powder added into the fish and shrimp bait may act as coagulating and anti-collapsing agents, and is especially effective if it is used in the water lacking minerals and vitamins[1]. Japanese scholars have p…     

超过例外氧暴露时限的空气巡回潜水实验中若干生理功能的观察

17名潜水员安全地进行了55人次超过美国海军例外氧暴露时限1.5—3倍的空气巡回潜水实验。生理功能观察和肺活量测定结果表明,在水深70m以浅,潜水员均保持了相当好的智力和操作能力,在连续3d 3倍氧暴露时限的巡潜后期,只有3人肺活量下降,且在次日测定时已见恢复,表明上述暴露是安全的。美国海军例外氧暴露时限中对于70m以浅空气暴露的相应规定显得保守。     

青岛地区近岸海水和几种海产品中付溶血性弧菌的调查分析(英文)

付溶血性弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus)是水产品中的一种重要食物中毒菌,它在沿岸海水和海产动物体上都有广泛的分布。本文报告了青岛地区近岸海水和几种常见水产品污染了该菌的情况。在检测方法上,改进了一种选择性较强的培养基(SAC),经实验表明,SAC培养基较其他常用的几种培养基对付溶血性弧菌检出的阳性率和灵敏度均较高,与普通采用的TCBS法比较,x~2=4.28,ρ<0.05,有显著效果的意义。青岛近岸海水中付溶血性弧菌的平均出现率为63.25—463CFU/100ml,生鲜的水产食品中平均含有745～6900CFU/100g,其中贝类含量最多,季节性和海区对其检出率有明显影响,夏季检出率最高,冬季最低,对不同方法所检出的菌株,选出部分作了它们的主要生理、生化特性的鉴定,并与参考菌株对比,证实SAC法检出的菌株有85％以上的株数符合付溶血性弧菌的特征,而TCBS法所检出菌株只有55％的真实性。并初步证明,这是一种温血动物和冷血动物的共患菌。     

大西洋中脊热液硫化物的矿物学研究

利用１９８９年在大西洋热液活动区采集的块状硫化物样品，采用矿相显微镜、电子显微镜和电子探针等手段，进行了矿物共生组合、矿物形态与成分标型及其演化特征研究。结果表明，大西洋热液成矿作用可以划分为热液期与沉积期两个成矿期，和石英－黄铁矿阶段、黄铁矿阶段、多金属硫化物阶段、胶状黄铁矿阶段和非晶质ＳｉＯ２阶段等５个成矿阶段；不同成矿阶段黄铁矿的共生矿物和矿物特征不同，在晶体形态上具有从单形晶－聚形晶－胶状     

西太平洋暖池区气象学特征分析

本文根据ＴＯＧＡ－ＣＯＡＲＥ强化观测资料及卫星资料分析讨论了西太平洋暖池区１１－２月间海面气象要素的平均特征。分析发现海面气压平均日变化似乎同中纬度区明显不同。文中还分析讨论了在西太暖池区西风爆发、赤道浅涡、信风逆温及ＩＴＣＥ和南太平洋辐合带ＳＰＣＺ的变化特征。     

Cadmium accumulation by the blue crab, callinectes sapidus: Involvement of hemocyanin and characterization of cadmium-binding proteins

The accumulation of cadmium from seawater by the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus, was studied as a function of metal concentration and exposure time, with special emphasis on cadmium-binding proteins. Cadmium was found, in decreasing order of magnitude, in gills, digestive gland and hemolymph. When exposed to 0·5 ppm cadmium for 2–24h, virtually all of the cadmium in the cytosolic fraction of the gill was associated with a low molecular weight (LMW) cadmium-binding protein (MW 8000). However, after 48h of exposure only 50% of the cadmium in the cytosol was bound to this protein. The rest wasfound to be associated with proteins of a molecular weight of 300 000 and 60 000. This pattern of cadmium distribution did not change over a 12-day depuration period. Similar results were obtained upon exposure to 0·1 ppm cadmium. The pattern of cadmium accumulation in the cytosolic fraction of the digestive gland was in marked contrast to that observed for the gill. Initially, the cadmium was distributed over three low molecular weight fractions. During depuration the distribution of cadmium changed and all of the metal became bound to a low molecular weight protein (MW 9000). The cadmium concentrations in the gill and digestive gland remained essentially constant during depuration (12 days). The LMW cadmium-binding proteins were purified by a combination of gelpermeation and ion-exchange chromatography. Their molecular weight, spectral properties and amino acid composition are characteristic of the vertebrate metallothioneins. During exposure to cadmium the metal rapidly appeared in the hemolymph, mainly associated with hemocyanin. During depuration cadmium was transferred from the hemolymph to the digestive gland, demonstrating that hemocyanin acts as a carrier in trace metal transport.     

Co–rich Mn crusts from the Magellan Seamount cluster: the long journey through time

The Magellan seamounts began forming as large submarine shield volcanoes south of the equator during the Cretaceous. These volcanoes formed as a cluster on the small Pacific plate in a period when tectonic stress was absent. Thermal subsidence of the seafloor led to sinking of these volcanoes and the formation of guyots as the seamounts crossed the equatorial South Pacific (10–0°S) sequentially and ocean surface temperatures became too high for calcareous organisms to survive. Guyot formation was completed between about 59 and 45 Ma and the guyots became phosphatized at about 39–34 and 27–21 Ma. Ferromanganese crusts began formation as proto-crusts on the seamounts and guyots of the Magellan Seamount cluster towards the end of the Cretaceous up to 55 Ma after the formation of the seamounts themselves. The chemical composition of these crusts evolved over time in a series of steps in response to changes in global climate and ocean circulation. The great thickness of these crusts (up to 15–20 cm) reflects their very long period of growth. The high Co contents of the outer parts of the crusts are a consequence of the increasing deep circulation of the ocean and the resulting deepening of the oxygen minimum zone with time. Growth of the Co-rich Mn crusts in the Magellan Seamount cluster can be considered to be the culmination of a long journey through time.